Digital Commons Network^™

Spatial Distribution Of Bactrocera Dorsalis And Thaumatotibia Leucotreta In Smallholder Avocado Orchards Along Altitudinal Gradient Of Taita Hills And Mount Kilimanjaro, James J. Odanga, Samira Mohamed, Sizah Mwalusepo, Florence Olubayo, Richard Nyankanga, Fathiya Khamis, Ivan Rwomushana, Tino Johansson, Sunday Ekesi

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Avocado (Persea americana) fruits are an important source of income and a nutritious food for small-scale growers and other stakeholders involved in farming along the Afrotropical highlands of Taita Hills and Mount Kilimanjaro in Kenya and Tanzania, respectively. Avocado fruits are infested by several insect pests, namely the Asian invasive fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), and the false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). However, there is inadequate information on the distribution patterns of these pests in small-scale avocado cropping systems in the East African highlands. This study was initiated to generate a spatial distribution map of …

Early Childhood Care And Education In Water-Scarcity Villages In Tanzania: The Case Of Ng’Hong’Onha Village, Dodoma, Lyabwene Mtahabwa

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This article presents findings from a study that adopted a concept of the best interests of the child to investigate stakeholders’ experiences in different water-scarcity contexts in relation to the care and education of children by using the case of one village in Dodoma region. Three objectives guided the study: (a) establishing the extent of water scarcity and its causes in relation to early childhood service delivery; (b) documenting the effects of water scarcity on Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE); and (c) examining efforts made by village members to curb water scarcity. The study gathered data from a sample …

Tanzanian Adolescents In The Digital Age Of Cell Phones And The Internet: Access, Use And Risks, Hezron Zacharia Onditi

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study explored cell phones and internet access, use, and potential risks among Tanzanian secondary school adolescents. A total of 778 students aged 14-18 in Form I to Form IV responded to a self-report questionnaire, and a subset of 20 participants participated in semi-structured interviews. Results revealed a remarkable uptake of cell phones and internet technologies among Tanzanian adolescents. In particular, whereas about 50% of the students reported to own cell phones (nearly 60% own simcards), 76% admitted using cell phones at home, and 86% reported to connect to the Internet. Results showed that male and older adolescents seem to …

The Role Of Bilingualism On Affix Borrowing: The Case Of Nominal And Verbal Derivation In Chimalaba, Hamisi Amani, Abel Y. Mreta

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper describes an interesting case of the role of bilingualism on affix borrowing from Kiswahili into Chimalaba. The data were collected through interviews, previous collected corpora, native narratives and targeted elicitations. Thomason’s (2001), Borrowing Scale (BS) and the Principle of Functional Explanation (PFE) guided the analysis. The BS predicts the level of intensity of contact with possible socio-historical factors for borrowing of particular structural features, whereas the PFE through a Multi-Causation Model (MCM) specifies the interplay of factors in promoting structural borrowing in a hierarchy. The findings indicate that bilingualism plays an intermediary role in promoting affix borrowing in …

An Investigation Of Performance In National English Language Examinations In Tanzania: A Curriculum Processes Perspective, Gastor Mapunda

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper is a result of observations of teachers, employers and language researchers that many Tanzanian students who are at the ordinary level of secondary education have not been doing well in their national English language examinations. The results became worse in the 2012 examinations. The current study focused on curricula processes, namely syllabus preparation, teacher preparedness for handling syllabus demands, examination processes, and how all these are coordinated. Using semi-structured interview, questionnaire, and documentary review methods, the findings reveal that there are inefficiencies when it comes to engaging some important stakeholders such as teachers, parents, and learners. Additionally, the …

Whose Names Are In Science Textbooks? Justifying The Need For Critical Pedagogy In Tanzania Science Classrooms, Mjege Kinyota, Patrick Severine Kavenuke

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Textbooks are the most important teaching and learning resources in education in most developing countries, including Tanzania. However, researchers in education have tended to ignore critical issues related to textbooks. For example, while Africa, as a continent, has contributed a lot to the development of science and technology, it is unfortunate that African scientists and their achievements do not feature in science textbooks used in African schools. This paper seeks to explore critical aspects in science textbooks that are often taken for granted, such as names of scientists cited in those textbooks. Additionally, the question of what are the stereotypes …

The Writer And Africa’S Post-Colonial Crisis: Ideology, Language And Representation In Ngũgĩ Wa Thiong’O’S A Grain Of Wheat, Nicholas Kamau-Goro

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This article attempts a re-reading of Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s A Grain of Wheat within the broader context of Africa’s cultural history. Faced with the reality of the failure of the post-colonial state to deliver on the promises of independence, the author is confronted with a dilemma: how does he transcend the disillusion and sense of despair engendered by this failure? To answer this question, I read the novel through the prism of post colonial theory to illustrate how Ngũgĩ’s attempts to mediate Africa’s post-colonial crisis precipitates a review of his ideological stances leading to a jettisoning of the liberal humanist …

Complete Blood Count Reference Intervals From A Healthy Adult Urban Population In Kenya, Geoffrey Omuse, Daniel Maina, Jane Mwangi, Caroline Wambua, Kiran Radia, Alice Kanyua, Elizabeth Kagotho, Mariza Hoffman, Peter Ojwang, Zul Premji, Kiyoshi Ichihara, Rajiv Erasmus

Pathology, East Africa

Background: There are racial, ethnic and geographical differences in complete blood count (CBC) reference intervals (RIs) and therefore it is necessary to establish RIs that are population specific. Several studies have been carried out in Africa to derive CBC RIs but many were not conducted with the rigor recommended for RI studies hence limiting the adoption and generalizability of the results.

Method: By use of a Beckman Coulter ACT 5 DIFF CP analyser, we measured CBC parameters in samples collected from 528 healthy black African volunteers in a largely urban population. The latent abnormal values exclusion (LAVE) method was used …

Nexus Between Work-Life Balance Practices And Affective Organisational Commitment:The Mediating Role Of Transformational Leadership Style, Suzanne C. Kibozi, Michael K. Francis

Business Management Review

This study assessed the relationship between Work-Life Balance (WLB) practices and Affective Organisational Commitment in relation to the mediating effect of Transformational Leadership Style. The study was based on data drawn from The Tanzanian Health Sector employees. A sample of 341 employees from four Regional Referral Hospitals in Tanzania was adopted for the study. Structural Equation Modelling (AMOS 21) tool for data analysis was applied in the analysis of the study findings. The study findings revealed that Work-Life Balance practices have a significant positive relationship with Affective Organisational Commitment. Moreover, the study discerned that Transformational Leadership Style has a significant …

Factors Influencing Consumers ' Convenience Shopping Of Industrial Products: A Study Of Kinondoni District, Kezia Mkwizu, Juliana G. Wilbard, Bahati D. Mbilinyi, Nelly S. Maliva

Business Management Review

The organised retail shops of Tanzania are facing intense competition. With the opening of new shops and coming in of international brands due to free market economy, this competition is bound to increase. Hence, it is very difficult for retailers to maintain an advantageous position only by offering good products, reasonable prices and effective promotions; they have to offer convenience shopping to be able to reap profits. This could stimulate consumers ' shopping behaviour and enhance consumer perceived value and repeat visits in retail shops. This article analyses factors influencing consumers ' convenience shopping of industrial products, in Kinondoni District. …

Investigation Of Stakeholder Management In The Oil And Gas Industry In Tanzania, Latifa Mbelwa

Business Management Review

The purpose of this paper is to advance knowledge of stakeholders ' identification, stakeholders ' Salience, and Companies ' Stakeholders Management Strategies in Oil and Gas Industry in Tanzania. The paper employed exploratory case study strategy. The data were obtained from two Oil and Gas companies ' websites and were analyzed using content analysis. Stakeholder theory was used to interpret the data. The principal research findings reveal the role of the sustainability reporting, good governance, stakeholder engagement, risk management and corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices and strategies in stakeholder management by both local and international oil and gas companies in …

An Econometric Analysis Of Trade And Economic Growth In Tanzania: Evidence From Time Series Data, Petro Sauti Magai

Business Management Review

This article investigates the relationship between trade and economic growth in Tanzania for the period from 1970 to 2016. The article utilises the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model known as the ARDL bounds testing to co-integration. In this article, it utilises a general-to-specific technique using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method on estimates, to come up with significant variables. Foreign direct investment, population growth and exchange rates were added to the model as explanatory variables. The empirical evidence confirms the existence of a long-run relationship between selected variables, implying that in the long-run, all variables can move together. The empirical results …

The Extent To Which Foreign Direct Investment (Fdi) Contribute To The Growth Of Host Economies: Evidence From Tanzania, Cosmas Renatus Masanja

Business Management Review

The classical assertion that inward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) spurs growth of the host economy has led Tanzania into designing and offering lucrative investment incentive packages to attract FDI. As a result, a big number of such FDI undertakings have been flowing into the country for decades. However, it is unclear to what extent such huge inflows of FDI contribute to Tanzania ' s economic growth. This article examines the extent to which inward foreign direct investment contributes to the economic growth of Tanzania. Using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation techniques, the 1990 €‘2013 period macroeconomic time series data on …

Uncovering Hidden Fronts Of Africa’S Liberation Struggle: Black Power, Black Consciousness, And South Africa’S Armed Struggle, 1967-1985, Toivo Tukongeni Paul Wilson Asheeke

Graduate Dissertations and Theses

Many scholars have argued the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM)’s principal contribution was as an intellectual/student movement, and its main shortcoming the limited degree of active political and military opposition it was able to offer the apartheid regime. My dissertation, ‘Uncovering Hidden Fronts of Africa’s Liberation Struggle: Black Power, Black Consciousness, and South Africa’s Armed Struggle, 1967–1985’, broadens our understanding of this movement and moment in South African history by unearthing the little known history of BCM’s unrelenting engagement with armed struggle as a form of resistance to apartheid rule during the 1970s and 1980s.

The first part of my dissertation …

Global-Scale Comparisons Of Human Land Use: Developing Shared Terminology For Land-Use Practices Of Significance For Global Change., Kd Morrison, E Hammer, L Popova, Et Al

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Although archaeological data are needed to understand the impacts of past human land use on the Earth system, synthesis is hampered by a lack of consistent categories. We develop hierarchical and scalable land-use classifications for use across the globe. Human land-use practices have been highly variable over the course of the Holocene, a diversity evident in the differentiated effects of human activity on land cover. Historically, agriculture was one of the most significant forms of land use, but even mobile hunter-gatherers transformed land cover through landscape-scale burning (Bliege Bird 2008). Livestock-keeping, plowing, irrigation, and the production of metal, ceramics, and …

Development Of Digital Diary For Enhanced Parental School Involvement In Tanzania, Sekione R. Jeremiah, Joel S. Mtebe Phd

The African Journal of Information Systems

The study examined the use of digital diary as a tool for enhancing parental school involvement in Tanzania. The development of the digital diary followed eXtreme Programming agile method where 87 parents and 6 teachers from St. Florence school were involved. Parents and teachers were given six months to use the tool before testing for its effectiveness using data from 7 teachers and 156 parents through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires respectively. The study found that the majority of respondents (84.4% of parents and 96.7% of teachers) indicated that the digital diary was useful tool as enabled them to track children’s …

What Is Happening In Afghanistan?, Grant M. Farr

Sociology Faculty Publications and Presentations

On August 21, 2017, President Trump addressed the nation laying out his Afghan strategy. He did not offer much that was new, but he did say that the United States would continue the war in Afghanistan for an indefinite period of time, that he would send in a few thousand more troops, and loosen some of the restrictions President Obama had placed on military action in Afghanistan. This would allow American troops to engage in actual combat instead of functioning as advisors and trainers. He also threatened to withhold aid to Pakistan, which he accused of harboring terrorist organizations, particularly, …

“The Peace Of The Graveyard”: Remembrance And Memorialization Of Crimes Against Humanity In Colonial Southwest Africa And East Africa, Drew Mesa

Departmental Honors & Graduate Capstone Projects

How does one analyze the memorialization or remembrance of an event, or pair of events, when they have been nearly forgotten? To many individuals, the Herero and Nama Genocide in Namibia and the Maji Maji Rebellion in Tanzania are unknown; however, these two events decimated a region and left a lasting impact that is still felt to this day. In recent years, the Herero and Nama tragedy has become increasingly well-known to the international community. But why has this genocide in Namibia become the focus of attention, while the atrocities in Tanzania have remained largely unknown? Namibia’s connections to the …

Cseas Weekly Bulletin (May 7, 2018), Center For Southeast Asian Studies

CSEAS Bulletin

No abstract provided.

Levels Of Heavy Metals In Drinking Water, Cosmetics And Fruit Juices From Selected Areas In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, John Am Mahugija

Tanzania Journal of Science

Heavy metals were determined in samples of drinking water, cosmetics (nail polish, lip glosses and hair dye) and fresh fruit juices in Dar es Salaam. The samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) after digestion with concentrated acids, filtration and dilution. Lead, zinc and iron were detected in the water samples and the concentration ranges were below detection limit (BDL) to 0.114, 0.01 to 1.47 and 0.027 to 0.39 mg/L, respectively, whereas cadmium was not detected. The concentrations of lead in 70.83% of the samples exceeded the WHO permissible limit, implying that the water in most of the areas …

Status Of Selected Heavy Metals Dispersion From Top Soil In And Around Automobile Workshop Areas In Zanzibar Municipality, Tanzania, John Am Mahugija, Hawa M Sheikh

Tanzania Journal of Science

The distributions of selected heavy metals in top soil in areas with and without automobile workshops in Zanzibar municipality were investigated. Sampling was done during dry and rainy seasons. The samples were digested with aqua regia (HCl and HNO3, 3:1) and analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The concentrations of zinc, copper and lead in the samples ranged 0.27–419.2, 0.10–167 and 0.02–271 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The concentrations were higher in areas with automobile workshops than those without. The concentrations of the heavy metals were highest at point sources and decreased with increase in distance during the dry season. The concentrations …

Inventory Of The Genus Craterellus Persoon From Kigoma Region, Tanzania, Donatha D Tibuhwa

Tanzania Journal of Science

There is scanty knowledge on macro fungi diversity in Kigoma region. Bioprospecting survey was undertaken in Miombo woodlands, Kigoma region of Tanzania that has never been explored. The survey sought to conduct an inventory of Craterellus Persoon. Conventional taxonomic techniques were used during the survey to characterize the collected materials. Both macro and micro morphological features including basidiocarp size, colour, shape, spore size and print colour were examined. High diversity of reputed macrofungi was observed. This study presents a preliminary inventory of the genus Craterellus Persoon in the country. Three species were described; two namely Craterellus cornucopioides (Linnaeus) Persoon and …

The Power Of Coefficients And Methods Of Coding In Delimiting Species Using Phenetic Approach: The Case Of African Solanum Section Solanum Sensu Edmonds, Mkabwa Lk Manoko

Tanzania Journal of Science

Phenetics is one of approaches used to delimit species in plant classification. Conclusion in phenetics is based on overall similarity often of morphological data. The approach uses coded data that are analyzed using coefficients to create similarity matrices that are analyzed using clustering analysis to create the classification. Exists different similarity coefficients and coding methods though in practice are used intuitively sometimes giving results that have been challenged. Though similarity coefficients and coding methods have some times been blamed, studies to analyze their influences are limited. The trend however is to avoid morphological data in favor of DNA markers. The …

Total Electron Content Derived From Global Positioning System During Solar Maximum Of 2012-2013 Over The Eastern Part Of The African Sector, Emmanuel D Sulungu, Christian Bs Uiso, Patrick Sibanda

Tanzania Journal of Science

This work presents results of diurnal, seasonal and latitudinal variations of vertical Total Electron Content (TECv) derived from GPS receivers at four locations, [Dodoma (6.19oS, 35.75oE), Mzuzu (11.43oS, 34.01oE), Zomba (15.38oS, 35.33oE) and Tete (16.15oS, 33.58oE)] during the solar maximum period of 2012 – 2013. The receivers are located directly below the EIA and at approximately the same longitude, ~ (33 – 3 oE) within the eastern part of the African sector. Diurnal and latitudinal variations of TECv are presented for an average of the five (5) quietest days of each of the four seasons: March equinox, June solstice, September …

Preliminary Sedimentology And Stratigraphy Of The Enigmatic Middle Lake Beds Succession (Pleistocene?) In The Rukwa Rift Basin, Tanzania, Cassy Mtelela

Tanzania Journal of Science

This paper presents sedimentology and stratigraphic overview of a series of previously unrecognized lithostratigraphic unit in the Rukwa Rift Basin, Tanzania. Based on the cross-cutting relationship and pilot detrital zircon geochronology, these isolated, enigmatic strata are herein informally termed the middle Lake Beds (mLB). Facies analysis reveals that the mLB units were deposited within a complex array of depositional environments, ranging from alluvial to fluvial channels, floodplains and shallow lakes.  The mLB are characterised herein as isolated outcrop exposures with uncertain age relationships, but which can be divided into five distinctive lithostratigraphic units herein identified as informal members (A-E). These …

The Influence Of Agricultural Activities On The Diversity Of Rodents In Kindoroko Forest Reserve And Surrounding Areas, North Pare Mountains, Tanzania, Remmy Lema, Flora J Magige

Tanzania Journal of Science

The patterns of richness, diversity and similarity in rodent communities in agricultural areas and in adjacent Kindoroko Forest Reserve in the North Pare Mountains, Tanzania were assessed. By using a capture-mark-recapture method, 289 individuals of nine rodent species in March and May 2011 were captured. Seven species were recorded in agricultural area and 5 species in the Forest Reserve. Multimammate Rat (Mastomys natalensis) was abundant in agricultural area while soft-furred mouse (Praomys delectorum) was dominant in the Forest Reserve. Species diversity was greater outside than inside the forest, supporting results of earlier studies. Species similarity between the two habitats was …

Heavy Metals And Cyanide Distribution In The Villages Surrounding Buzwagi Gold Mine In Tanzania, Edwin Sifuel Gomezulu, Agnes Mwakaje, Jamidu, H.Y. Katima

Tanzania Journal of Science

The study aimed at assessing the levels of heavy metals and cyanide in water and sediments in villages surrounding Buzwagi gold mine, both during wet and dry seasons.  A total of 56 samples of water (28 from each season) and 44 samples of sediments (22 from each season) were collected from the wells in the area and were analyzed for total cyanide and heavy metals.  The total cyanide was analyzed spectrophotometrically whilst the heavy metals were analyzed by an Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). The Pb and Fe levels in water were found to exceed 10 µg/L and 2000 µg/L respectively, …

Effect Of Storage Time And Temperature On Germination Ability Of Escoecaria Bussei, F Genes, Agnes Ms Nyomora

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study was conducted in Botany Department Nursery to evaluate the effect of storage time and temperature on germinability of Excoecaria bussei.   The orthodox seeds, collected from Dodoma and Singida regions were germinated monthly from September 2013 through June 2014. Each time, seeds were soaked in water for 6 hours to soften then sown in sterile potting media. A Split-Split plot was used to compare temperature [(15°C) and (30°C)] as main plots, populations (Maktupa, Kisalu and Ilola) as Sub plots and storage time (September 2013 through June 2014) as Sub-Sub-plots on percentage seed germination.  ANOVA revealed average germination percentages of …

Distribution Patterns Of Gastrointestinal Parasites In Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus Pygerythrus) At Gombe National Park, Tanzania, Jared S. Bakuza

Tanzania Journal of Science

Vervet monkeys at Gombe National Park in western Tanzania constitute a key component of the park’s ecosystem through interactions with other animals and people in the area. However, the parasite fauna of these animals has not been investigated. Thus, 21 faecal samples obtained from the animals in September 2010 were examined for parasites using formol-ethyl technique. The parasites observed included Trichuris spp., Physaloptera spp., hookworms and unidentified nematodes. While egg counts for unidentified nematodes did not vary with vervet monkey communities (z = 0.759, p = 0.448), other parasites were significantly higher among vervets at north of the park near …

Indoor Radon Concentration Levels And Annual Effective Doses For Residence Of Houses Near Uranium Deposit In Bahi District, Dodoma, Tanzania, Najat K. Mohammed, Erasto Focus

Tanzania Journal of Science

The objective of this study was to determine the levels of indoor radon concentration in houses in Bahi District situated in the neighbourhood of uranium deposit. The study aimed also to assess the annual effective dose due to indoor radon exposure to individuals residing in the houses as a step to control the radon exposure in Tanzania. Two villages were involved in this study; Bahi Makulu, which is within the proximity of Uranium deposit and Bahi Sokoni, which is about 7 km from the deposit. The Indoor radon concentration levels were detected using Alpha Guard radon monitor and the obtained …