Digital Commons Network^™

Development Of Flexible Nickel-Zinc And Nickel-Iron Batteries, Xianyang Meng

Dissertations

The fabrication of flexible nickel-zinc batteries using a facile mixing of electroactive components for electrode preparation is presented. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is found to be an effective binder by reducing concentration polarization, providing chemical/physical stability and enhancing flexibility. The zinc electrode containing PTFE maintains its original porous morphology even after hundreds of cycles while polymers such as PEO show morphology change. Each component, as well as the assembled flexible cells show desired flexibility and stability even under bending conditions.

The fabrication of flexible nickel-iron batteries using printable composite electrodes embedded with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) is also presented. All the metal …

Inventing Modernity In Medieval European Thought Ca. 1100–Ca. 1550, Bettina Koch, Cary J. Nederman

Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Culture

One of the most challenging problems in the history of Western ideas stems from the emergence of Modernity out of the preceding period of the Latin Middle Ages. This volume develops and extends the insights of the noted scholar Thomas M. Izbicki into the so-called medieval/modern divide. The contributors include a wide array of eminent international scholars from the fields of History, Theology, Philosophy, and Political Science, all of whom explore how medieval ideas framed and shaped the thought of later centuries. This sometimes involved the evolution of intellectual principles associated with the definition and imposition of religious orthodoxy. Also …

Computational Intelligence In Steganography: Adaptive Image Watermarking, Xin Zhong

Dissertations

Digital image watermarking, as an extension of traditional steganography, refers to the process of hiding certain messages into cover images. The transport image, called marked-image or stego-image, conveys the hidden messages while appears visibly similar to the cover-image. Therefore, image watermarking enables various applications such as copyright protection and covert communication. In a watermarking scheme, fidelity, capacity and robustness are considered as crucial factors, where fidelity measures the similarity between the cover- and marked-images, capacity measures the maximum amount of watermark that can be embedded, and robustness concerns the watermark extraction under attacks on the marked-image. Watermarking techniques are often …

Students' Understanding Through The Use Of Ict-Based Accounting Multimedia (Maksi) In Vocational High Schools, Vivi Pratiwi, Siswandari Siswandari, Djoko Santosa Th

Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi

This study aims to describe the use of MAKSI: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based accounting multimedia in improving students' understanding on bank reconciliation material in Vocational High Schools (SMK). This research is a quantitative-descriptive research with case study method involving 40 students. Data collection techniques used are tests using essay tests, observations, and interviews. The result showed that the average understanding before using MAKSI is 52.18 with the less category, while after using MAKSI the average increases to 76.23 with good category. Before using MAKSI, 65% of students have less understanding, 27.5% have sufficient understanding, while 10% have good …

Musical Interpretation: Case Study In Musical Instrument Practice Learning Vocational High School, Ayu Niza Machfauzia, Suminto A. Sayuti, Djohan Djohan

Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi

This study was intended to reveal: (1) the dimensions of musical interpretation taught; (2) the strategy used by teachers to introduce musical interpretation in instrument practice class; and (3) teacher's ability or competence to teach musical interpretation. This research is case study, with the subjects were 12 teachers responsible for instrument practice class. They were selected using purposive sampling method. The data collection method used were in-depth interviews, passive participation observation, documentation and focus group discussion (FGD). The instrument of study was the researcher herself. Data validity was conduct triangulation by reviewing data acquired from a source. All data then …

Evaluasi Program Diklat Karya Tulis Ilmiah Untuk Widyaiswara Pusbangtendik Kemdikbud, Riyan Arthur

Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi program Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Karya Tulis Ilmiah (Diklat KTI) untuk widyaiswara yang diselenggarakan Pusbangtendik Kemdikbud. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode evaluatif, model Kirkpatrick. Penelitian ini melibatkan 32 widyaiswara. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner, observasi, studi dokumentasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, Pertama; hanya ada tiga level Diklat KTI yang dilaksanakan sesuai peraturan, perencanaan serta memenuhi kriteria evaluasi, yaitu: level reaksi, pembelajaran dan perilaku. Kedua; Diklat KTI yang diselenggarakan Pusbangtendik Kemdikbud masih belum berdampak terhadap individu dan unit kerja. Rekomendasi atas Program Diklat KTI adalah dilanjutkan dengan perbaikan pada level dampak Diklat KTI.

Kata kunci: evaluasi, …

Pengembangan Instrumen Experiment Performance Assessment Untuk Menilai Keterampilan Proses Sains Dan Kerja Sama, Raden Roro Yayuk Srirahayu, Indyah Sulistyo Arty

Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: menghasilkan instrumen experiment performance assessment dengan model pembelajaran guided inquiry, membuktikan validitas dan estimasi reliabilitas produk instrumen, dan mengetahui keefektifan produk instrumen untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains dan kerja sama. Metode yang digunakan adalah R & D (Research and Development) yang diadopsi dari Dick et al yang terbagi menjadi tahap pendahuluan, tahap perencanaan, tahap pengembangan, tahap uji coba terbatas dan tahap uji coba luas. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba diperoleh reliabilitas hasil rating instrumen penilaian keterampilan proses sains sebesar 0,707 - 0,989, dan reliabilitas skor komposit instrumen penilaian kerja sama sebesar 0,923 - 0,968. …

Validitas Dan Reliabilitas Instrumen Asesmen Kinerja Literasi Sains Pelajaran Fisika Berbasis Stem, Khoirul Bashooir, Supahar Supahar

Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan

Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian pengembangan asesmen kinerja literasi sains berbasis STEM pada pembelajaran fisika. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan validitas isi, validitas empiris, dan reliabilitas instrumen asesmen kinerja literasi sains berbasis STEM yang sebelumnya telah disusun. Instrumen yang dikembangkan berupa lembar pengamatan dan tes pilihan ganda. Analisis validitas isi dari lembar pengamatan menggunakan Koefisien V oleh Aiken sedangkan validitas isi instrumen tes dianalisis dengan menggunakan CVI (Content Validity Index) oleh Lawshe. Validitas empiris reliabilitas instrumen tes diestimasi dengan IRT (Item Response Theory). Reliabilitas lembar pengamatan ditentukan dengan ICC (Item Correlation …

Swot Analysis And Tows Matrix E-Government On Tana Tidung City Of Kalimantan Utara, Rudy Rudy, Abdul Muis Prasetia

Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education)

ABSTRAct

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can improve the speed of information delivery, efficiency, global reach and transparency. One of the efforts to realize good corporate governance (GCG) governance in the era of regional autonomy is to use information and communication technology or popularly called e-Government. The implementation of e-Government the need for master plan information technology as a guide in the integration of information technology in Local Government, e-Government implementation is expected to help improve interaction between government, community and business, so as to encourage political and economic development. In this paper presents the determination of e-Government policy strategy …

Sistem Buka Tutup Pintu Otomatis Berbasis Suara, Sinta Ariyanti, Slamet Seno Adi, Sugeng Purbawanto

Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education)

Biometric identification is one of the media on the operation of the system of home automation are much sought after.This is because conventional identification such as the use of your PIN, password, and a key card is already not enough reliable, in terms of security and how to operate.Biometrics is essentially an introduction to someone based on the unique personality of each person owned such as facial recognition, fingerprints, voice recognition, the introduction of the retina, and signature.Voice recognition is a process to identify a person by recognizing speech from that person.The purpose of this research is to know the …

State Position Among Of The Information Technology Paradigm: Review Of The Media Literacy Movement By Diy Kpid And Btkp Diy, Firly Annisa

Informasi

The Democratic System of Pancasila that has been chosen by Indonesian founders give several consequences. The state needs to be responsible for regulating equality policies for every citizen. Not only about the issue of equitable economic resources but also equal access to information. In the context of the country, democracy and markets equal access to information can be understood as information technology paradigm. This paradigm means that all systems that use by technology information are defined by networking sense, which is an empowering citizen to influence a wide variety of processes. Through the observation and depth of methods, this research …

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Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy

No abstract provided.

Penguatan Wawasan Kebangsaan Generasi Muda Melalui Kegiatan Tadarus Buku, Hendra Saeful Bahri, Sapriya Sapriya, Muhammad Halimi

Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan

Saat ini penguatan wawasan kebangsaan masih terpusat di persekolahan melalui pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan. Namun sebenarnya penguatan wawasan kebangsaan bagi generasi muda bisa melalui komunitas, salah satunya yaitu komunitas Asian African Reading Club dengan kegiatan utamanya yaitu tadarus buku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali dan menganalisis kegiatan tadarus buku dalam menguatkan wawasan kebangsaan bagi generasi muda. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Pengumpulan data melalui teknik wawancara, observasi, studi dokumentasi dan studi literature. Analisis data meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan tadarus buku dapat memperkokoh wawasan kebangsaan …

Peran Karang Taruna Dalam Mewujudkan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Pemuda Sebagai Gerakan Warga Negara, Febri Fajar Pratama, Rahmat Rahmat

Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan

Generasi muda merupakan aset bangsa, namun banyak dari pemuda yang saat ini kurang memiliki rasa tanggung jawab sosial dalam dirinya. Selain melalui pendidikan, rasa tanggung jawab pemuda dapat diwujudkan melalui organisasi, salah satunya adalah Karang Taruna sebagai organisasi sosial berbasis kepemudaan yang memiliki peran penting dalam mewujudkan tanggung jawab sosial pemuda. Dalam konteks Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, Karang Taruna dapat ditinjau sebagai gerakan warga negara yang termasuk kedalam domain sosial kultural yang menekankan pada konsep praksis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap peran dari Karang Taruna Nagasari dalam mewujudkan tanggung jawab sosial pemuda di Desa Sindanglaya dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data …

Pengintegrasian Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal Dalam Pendidikan Multikultural, Umi Chotimah, Alfiandra Alfiandra, Emil El Faisal, Sulkipani Sulkipani, Camelia Camelia, Iqbal Arpannudin

Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan

Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal masyarakat dalam memperkuat integrasi nasional melalui pendidikan multikultural. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Nilai-nilai kearifan lokal masyarakat dalam adat pernikahan kelima suku tersebut secara umum terdiri dari nilai ketuhanan, persatuan, dan kerakyatan yang tercermin dalam prosesi sebelum pernikahan, saat pernikahan, dan setelah pernikahan. Dengan demikian, nilai-nilai kearifan lokal masyarakat tersebut pada dasarnya merupakan nilai-nilai yang secara umum terdapat di setiap daerah yang dapat memperkuat integrasi nasional.

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This article was aimed at identifying and integrating local wisdom values fostering national integration through multicultural …

17-06 Public Vs Private Transportation Network Accessibility And Maternal-Infant Health Outcomes Across The Urban-Rural Boundary In Kalamazoo County, Michigan, Kathleen Baker

Transportation Research Center Reports

This project is twofold. The first part of the project deals specifically with the benefits of multimodal transportation modeling to understand community structure of public health access in a community. Maternal risk and infant outcomes are examined in Kalamazoo County, MI with respect to transportation network accessibility by public transit and private vehicle across the urban-rural continuum. Infants born to mothers just outside the urban core had a higher rate of poor outcomes. Maternal risk factors, by contrast, were associated with the accessible rural areas – areas outside the city proper, but within 30 minutes by car to services. When …

The Implementation Of Progressive Mathematization Model As A Mean To Enhance Understanding And Communication Ability Of Junior High School Students, Klara Iswara Sukmawati

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

The study was based on the importance of students' mathematical understanding and communication ability. Students need some efforts in attaining mathematical understanding and communication ability. As a result, the researcher sensed that it should be designed A Progressive Mathematization Model in order to enhance the mathematical understanding and communication ability of the students especially the junior high school ones. Then, in conducting the study the main purpose was to analyze the enhancement of mathematical understanding and communication ability of the students. The study was a quantitative research. The population in this study was the seventh-grade students of SMPN 1 Pagedangan …

Penyebab Kesulitan Belajar Geometri Dimensi Tiga, Rita Novita, Rully Charitas Indra Prahmana, Nurul Fajri, Mulia Putra

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kesulitan mahasiswa STKIP BBG dalam mempelajari geometri dimensi tiga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif studi kasus untuk mengkaji proses pembelajaran mahasiswa calon guru matematika di lingkungan STKIP BBG. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 16 orang mahasiswa calon guru matematika STKIP BBG Semester II-IV Tahun Akademik 2016/2017 yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tehnik angket, tes, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua faktor internal dan ekternal memberi pengaruh terhadap kesulitan belajar yang dialami oleh mahasiswa pendidikan matematika STKIP BBG. Faktor internal sebagai penyebab kesulitan adalah faktor minat, …

Teachers' And Students' Beliefs In Mathematics At State Senior High School 5 Semarang, Muhtarom Muhtarom, Dwi Juniati, Tatag Yuli Eko Siswono, Ismi Rahmatika

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

The aim of this research was to discover the relationship between teachers' and students' beliefs in mathematics. The sample consisted of two mathematics teachers, twenty eight students from 10th grade natural science 6 (X IPA 6) and twenty eight students from 10th grade natural science 10 (X IPA10) at state senior high school 5 Semarang. The data were collected from questionnaires and guided interviews on beliefs about mathematics. The research results showed that both of the mathematics teachers had platonist beliefs. It was found specifically that 4.76% of students in class X IPA 6 consistently had instrumentalist beliefs, 85.71% were …

The Role Of Worked-Example In Enhancing Students' Self-Explanation And Cognitive Efficiency In Calculus Instruction, Cecep Anwar Hadi Firdos Santosa, Didi Suryadi, Sufyani Prabawanto, Syamsuri Syamsuri

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

This research was aimed to investigate the effect of students' self-explanation to their achievement, mental effort, and cognitive efficiency while studying mathematics, particularly in integral topics. This research used a static-group comparison design implemented to first-year undergraduate students. The subject of the study consists of 64 first year undergraduate students in one of the universities in Banten province, Indonesia. The students were divided into two classrooms, experimental and control. Experimental classroom received worked-example method whereas control classroom studying without worked-example method. Instruments used in this research include achievement tests, rating scale mental effort, deviation model of cognitive efficiency, and teaching …

Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Geometri Sekolah Menengah Pertama Dengan Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah, Muhammad Munir, Ali Mahmudi

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

Penelitian ini bertujuan bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk berupa perangakat pembelajaran geometri SMP dengan pembelajaran berbasis masalah yang valid, praktis dan efektif dilihat dari prestasi belajar. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan model Borg & Gall yang mencangkup tiga tahapan utama yaitu: (1) tahap studi pendahuluan, (2) tahap desain produk, dan (3) tahap studi pelaksanaan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah perangkat pembelajaran geometri SMP dengan pembelajaran berbasis masalah yang terdiri atas silabus, RPP, LKS dan Tes Hasil Belajar (THB). Kualitas perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan terdiri dari tiga aspek, yaitu aspek kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan. (1) Hasil penilaian aspek kevalidan silabus, RPP, LKS, …

Keefektifan Pbl Seting Kolaboratif Ditinjau Dari Prestasi Belajar Aljabar, Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis, Dan Kecemasan Siswa, Tety Dwi Setyaningsih, Agus Maman Abadi

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan mana yang lebih efektif antara PBL setting kolaboratif kelompok dan berpasangan ditinjau dari prestasi belajar aljabar, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan kecemasan siswa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan desain pretest-postest nonequivalent comparison-group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 3 Kalasan yang terdiri dari empat kelas. Kelas VII C dan VII D ditentukan sebagai sampel secara acak. Dari kedua kelas tersebut diberi instrumen pretest dan postest tentang prestasi belajar aljabar, kemampuan berpikir kritis dan angket kecemasan siswa. Untuk menguji keefektifan pembelajaran digunakan uji one sample t-test. Untuk menguji …

Etnomatematika Pada Sumur Purbakala Desa Kaliwadas Cirebon Dan Kaitannya Dengan Pembelajaran Matematika Di Sekolah, Muchamad Subali Noto, Siska Firmasari, Mohammad Fatchurrohman

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kontribusi aspek-aspek matematika pada sumur purbakala, sejarahnya, proses berpikir matematis dalam pembuatan sumur, dan proses pembelajaran matematika di sekolah. Hasil penelitian ini disajikan dalam bentuk kualitatif untuk mendeskripsikan tentang sejarah sumur purbakala. Bentuk bangunan sumur menggambarkan sebuah bangun datar seperti segitiga, segilima, persegi panjang, jajar genjang, trapesium, lingkaran, dan bangun ruang seperti balok dan tabung, yang merupakan aspek-aspek matematika pada materi geometri. Proses pembuatan sumur yang berbentuk lingkaran dapat dilakukan dengan segi-n yang didekati oleh limit n menuju tak hingga yang dilihat dari banyaknya batu bata pada susunan pertama dan banyaknya susunan pada …

The Effectiveness Comparison Problem Based Learning Model With Nht And Tps Type On Plane Solid Figure, Diana Amirotuz Zuraida, Karyati Karyati

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

The study was aimed to describe the learning model of problem based learning (PBL) with cooperative setting Numbered Heads Together (NHT) and Think Pair Share (TPS) type in terms of mathematics learning achievement, reflective thinking skills, and self regulated learning of junior high school 8^th grade students. The study was a quasi experimental research with pretest-posttest non-equivalent group design. The sample were taken at random from five classes, consisted of VIII-A and VIII-C. Data were analyzed by using multivariate statistical using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The result of the study at 5% level significance indicated that PBL with …

Blended Learning: Does It Help Students In Understanding Mathematical Concepts?, Wahyu Setyaningrum

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

The rapid development of technology offers many advantages to the proses of learning in the classroom. This experimental research aimed to investigates the effectiveness of learning mathematics delivered through blended learning. In particular, this study compared the effectiveness of blended learning using Moodle and traditional one in relation to students' conceptual understanding. The data was gathered through written test and interview. This study involved 127 students of grade eight secondary school. The data shows that students who learn in blended learning approach have better conceptual understanding rather than their counterparts. The students claim that they can access learning material and …

The Enhancement Of Mathematical Problem Solving Ability And Self-Confidence Of Students Through Problem Based Learning, Rahmi Ramadhani

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

This paper reported result of a research attempted to analyze: the increase in student's MPS and SC using problem-based learning; and to look interaction between students' PMK and learning to increase student's MPS and SC. This type of research was a quasi-experimental. The population of this research was all students in SMA Negeri 6 Medan. Then 33 students were chosen as the experimental class and 33 students in other class was chosen as a control class by using purposive sampling technique. The data in this study were analyzed using Two Ways ANOVA. The result of validity of student's MPS test …

Guided Discovery Model: An Alternative To Enhance Students' Critical Thinking Skills And Critical Thinking Dispositions, Sri Hastuti Noer

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

This current study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the guided discovery model in increasing students' critical thinking skills and critical thinking dispositions. Each experiment and control group consisted of 34 students of grade X of one high school class in Bandar Lampung city. The data were obtained through mathematical critical thinking skills test and critical thinking dispositions scale. The data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to obtain a comprehensive description of the impact of learning on the increase in both skills. The results showed that the increase of students' critical thinking skills and critical thinking dispositions after learning was …

Students' Readiness To Teaching Practice Experience: A Review From The Mathematics Education Students' View, Heri Retnawati, Eny Sulistyaningsih, Lau Yoke Yin

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

A teaching practice is an effort to improve prospective teachers' competence. Students' development in the teaching practice is the key to its successful implementation. This study aims at describing and gaining an understanding of readiness of mathematics education students in conducting teaching practices. This study is a qualitative research with a type of phenomenology. Data were obtained from an open questionnaire of students from Indonesia and Malaysia. The participants of this study were 23 seventh semester students who have implemented teaching practices for 2 months. Data were analyzed using Bogdan & Biklen approach. The result revealed that students' ability in …

Pengaruh Pendekatan Problem Solving Terhadap Kemampuan Representasi Dan Literasi Matematis Siswa, Muh. Fajaruddin Atsnan, Rahmita Yuliana Gazali, Maisea Ledua Nareki

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

Pada konteks penilaian berskala internasional seperti PISA, kompetensi pemecahan masalah dalam bidang matematika dan sains terkait permasalahan nyata merupakan fokus pengembangan kompetensi representasi dan literasi matematis siswa. Mengingat pentingnya pemecahan masalah, kemampuan representasi dan literasi matematis, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendekatan problem solving terhadap kemampuan representasi dan literasi matematis siswa SMP. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen kuasi (quasi experimental), dengan desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Randomized Posttest-Only Control Group Design, yakni dua kelas yang telah dipilih secara acak, selanjutnya diberikan perlakukan yang diakhiri dengan tes kemampuan representasi dan literasi matematis pada kedua …

Analisis Kesulitan Menyelesaikan Soal Model Ujian Nasional Matematika Dan Self-Efficacy Siswa Sma, Maria Rosadalima Wasida, Hartono Hartono

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan jenis, letak, faktor kesulitan menyelesaikan soal model Ujian Nasional matematika dan self-efficacy siswa SMA di Kabupaten Ngada. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian survei dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 95 siswa SMA di Kabupaten Ngada, berasal dari empat sekolah dengan kategori tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes diagnostik, angket, observasi, dan pedoman wawancara. Tes diagnostik terdiri atas 7 butir soal uraian yang merupakan soal dengan daya serap rendah berdasarkan hasil UN tahun pelajaran 2014/2015 untuk mendiagnosis jenis dan letak kesulitan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menghitung persentase jenis dan letak kesulitan, serta tingkat …