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Fast And Slow-Twitching Muscles Are Differentially Affected By Reduced Cholinergic Transmission In Mice Deficient For Vacht: A Mouse Model For Congenital Myasthenia, Matheus P.S. Magalhaes-Gomes, Marco A.M. Prado

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) result from reduced cholinergic transmission at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). While the etiology of CMS varies, the disease is characterized by muscle weakness. To date, it remains unknown if CMS causes long-term and irreversible changes to skeletal muscles. In this study, we examined skeletal muscles in a mouse line with reduced expression of Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter (VAChT, mouse line herein called VAChT-KDHOM). We examined this mouse line for several reasons. First, VAChT plays a central function in loading acetylcholine (ACh) into synaptic vesicles and releasing it at NMJs, in addition to other cholinergic nerve endings. Second, loss …

Transplantation Of Pediatric Renal Allografts From Donors Less Than 10 Kg, Nickolas Mitrou, Shahid Aquil, Marie Dion, Vivian Mcalister, Alp Sener, Patrick P. Luke

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Few transplant programs use kidneys from donors with body weight (BW) BW < 10 kg would provide similar transplant outcomes to larger grafts. All pediatric en bloc renal transplants performed at our center between 2001 and 2017 were reviewed (N = 28). Data were stratified by smaller (donor BW < 10 kg; n = 11) or larger donors (BW > 10 kg; n = 17). Renal volume was assessed during follow-up with ultrasound. Demographic characteristics were similar between the 2 groups of recipients. After mean follow-up of 44 months (smaller donors) and 124 months (larger donors), graft and patient outcomes were similar between groups. Serum creatinine at 1, 3, and 5 years was no different between groups. At 1 day posttransplant, mean total renal volume in the smaller donors was 28 +/- 9 mm(3) vs 45 +/- 12 mm(3) (P < .01). By 3 weeks, it was 53 +/- 19 mm(3) (smaller donors) versus 73 +/- 19 mm(3) (larger donors) (P = NS). Complication rates were similar between both groups with 1 case of venous thrombosis in the smaller group. With experience, outcomes are equivalent to those from larger pediatric donors.

First Canadian Experience With Robotic Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Vs. Standard Laparoscopic Living-Donor Nephrectomy: A Prospective Comparative Study, Patrick P Luke, Shahid Aquil, Bijad Alharbi, Hemant Sharma, Alp Sener

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to compare the outcomes of robotic laparoendoscopic single-site living donor nephrectomy (R-LESS LDN) vs. standard laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy (LLDN).

METHODS: Between October 2013 and November 2015, 39 patients were allocated to either standard LLDN (n=25) or R-LESS LDN (n=14). Patient demographics, perioperative outcomes, analgesic requirement, visual analogue scale of pain at postoperative days 1, 3, 7, and 30, and a health-related quality of life and body image questionnaire were prospectively collected.

RESULTS: There were no significant differences in demographics and intraoperative outcomes between the two cohorts. The R-LESS LDN cohort had lower analgesic requirement (p=0.002) and …

Knockdown Of P66shc Alters Lineage-Associated Transcription Factor Expression In Mouse Blastocysts, Nicole A. Edwards, Andrew J. Watson, Dean H. Betts

Paediatrics Publications

The p66Shc adaptor protein regulates apoptosis and senescence during early mammalian development. However, p66Shc expression during mouse preimplantation development is upregulated at the blastocyst stage. Our objective was to determine the biological function of p66Shc during mouse blastocyst development. In this study, we demonstrate that a reduced p66Shc transcript abundance following its short interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown alters the spatiotemporal expression of cell lineage-associated transcription factors in the inner cell mass (ICM) of the mouse blastocyst. P66Shc knockdown blastocysts restrict OCT3/4 earlier to the inner cells of the early blastocyst and have ICMs containing significantly higher OCT3/4 levels, more GATA4-positive …

Mechanisms Underlying Insect Freeze Tolerance., Jantina Toxopeus, Brent J Sinclair

Biology Publications

Freeze tolerance - the ability to survive internal ice formation - has evolved repeatedly in insects, facilitating survival in environments with low temperatures and/or high risk of freezing. Surviving internal ice formation poses several challenges because freezing can cause cellular dehydration and mechanical damage, and restricts the opportunity to metabolise and respond to environmental challenges. While freeze-tolerant insects accumulate many potentially protective molecules, there is no apparent 'magic bullet' - a molecule or class of molecules that appears to be necessary or sufficient to support this cold-tolerance strategy. In addition, the mechanisms underlying freeze tolerance have been minimally explored. Herein, …

Stem Stories, November 2018, #1, Brooke Wiese

STEM Stories

Student Profile - Nina Jocic

Science Café | Plant Gravity Perception From Earth To International Space Station, Nov. 14, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

All Forum Articles

No abstract provided.

Biology Seminar | Control And Evolution Of Sidewinding, Nov. 8, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

All Forum Articles

No abstract provided.

Math-Biology Seminar | Transient Dynamics Of Block Coordinate Descent In A Valley, Nov. 6, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

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No abstract provided.

Ecolunch | Who’S Your Daddy? Paternity And Selection In Male Morphs Of Xiphophorus Mulitlineatus, Nov. 14, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

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No abstract provided.

Physics Colloquium | Physics Detector Technology Applied To Biology And Medicine, Nov. 16, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

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No abstract provided.

Math Biology Seminar | Wow Delay-Induced Oscillations Of Voice And Speech, Nov. 27, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

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No abstract provided.

Happy Beginnings: Meyer Continues Anthropology Research In Grad School, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

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No abstract provided.

Sociology & Anthropology Colloquium | Anthropology In The Archives, Nov. 14, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

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No abstract provided.

Cell Specific Control Of The Pallidostriatal Pathway, Shubha Verma '19

Student Publications & Research

Parkinson’s Disease is a neurodegenerative disorder of the basal ganglia. The main cause for Parkinson’s Disease is the depletion of dopamine, a neurotransmitter. The basal ganglia contains four major nuclei: the substantia nigra, the subthalamic nucleus, the external globus pallidus, and the striatum. These nuclei communicate with each other by the use of neurons.

Classification Of Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy Plans, Louise Gabrielle Lima '19, Alice Liu '19

Student Publications & Research

Proton Radiotherapy

Proton radiotherapy is a form of radiation treatment that uses energized protons to break DNA, leading to cell death and killing cancers.

The Effects Of Incorporating Music Into Daily Life On Cognitive Decline, Devlin Deveney

Musicology and Ethnomusicology: Student Scholarship

Dementia currently affects over 35 million people worldwide – a number that is expected to triple by the year 2050 according to the report, “Dementia: a public health priority” by World Health Organization and Alzheimer’s Disease International. Despite the high population of people with dementia, there are currently no cures for the diseases within this category. The aim of this article is to explore the cognitive effects of incorporating music into daily life prior to the onset of dementia and determining whether or not these effects have an impact on age-related cognitive decline. It is hoped that this paper will …

Ecolunch | Eastern Red Bat Habitat Selection In Areas With Different Land Use Histories In Southeast Ohio, Nov. 28, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

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No abstract provided.

Math-Biology Seminar | Local Biased Polymerization Mediates Slow Axonal Transport Of Actin, Nov. 13, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

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No abstract provided.

Biological Biomedical Seminar | Ecological And Social Factors Affecting Cooperation Parasitism In Avian Breeding Systems, Nov. 5, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

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No abstract provided.

Plant Biology Colloquium | Hot Enough To Fry The Dog’S Feet? Trees As Components Of The Human-Built Landscape, Nov. 16, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

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No abstract provided.

Plant Biology Colloquium | Experiential Learning In The Sustainable Food And Bioenergy Systems Program At Montana State University, Nov. 30, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

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No abstract provided.

Plant Biology Colloquium | Forests Adrift, Nov. 9, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

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No abstract provided.

Symmetries Are Important, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

This short article explains why symmetries are important, and how they influenced many research projects in which I participated.

A 3,000‐Year Lag Between The Geological And Ecological Shutdown Of Florida's Coral Reefs, Lauren T. Toth, Isla B. Kuffner, Anastasios Stathakopoulos, Eugene Shinn

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The global‐scale degradation of coral reefs has reached a critical threshold wherein further declines threaten both ecological functionality and the persistence of reef structure. Geological records can provide valuable insights into the long‐term controls on reef development that may be key to solving the modern coral‐reef crisis. Our analyses of new and existing coral‐reef cores from throughout the Florida Keys reef tract (FKRT) revealed significant spatial and temporal variability in reef development during the Holocene. Whereas maximum Holocene reef thickness in the Dry Tortugas was comparable to elsewhere in the western Atlantic, most of Florida's reefs had relatively thin accumulations …

The Phylogenetic Signal In Tooth Wear: What Does It Mean?, Larisa Desantis, Mikael Fortelius, Frederick E Grine, Christine Janis, Thomas M Kaiser, Gildas Merceron, Mark A Purnell, Ellen Schulz-Kornas, Juha Saarinen, Mark F. Teaford, Peter S Ungar, Indrė Žliobaitė

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Osteopathic Medicine

A new study by Fraser et al (2018) urges the use of phylogenetic comparative methods, whenever possible, in analyses of mammalian tooth wear. We are concerned about this for two reasons. First, this recommendation may mislead the research community into thinking that phylogenetic signal is an artifact of some sort rather than a fundamental outcome of the evolutionary process. Secondly, this recommendation may set a precedent for editors and reviewers to enforce phylogenetic adjustment where it may unnecessarily weaken or even directionally alter the results, shifting the emphasis of analysis from common patterns manifested by large clades to rare cases.

Meridians 17:2 Cartographies For The Twenty-First Century, Ginetta Candelario

Meridians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism

The first African feminist I ever met was Wambui Mwangi, my 1990 classmate at Smith College. It was the spring of 1988, at the Mwangi Cultural Center, where all the heads of student of color organizations on campus had gathered together to discuss and strategize our response to yet another instance of institutional racism at Smith....

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Mentorship In Medicine And Nephrology: More Important Than Ever, Belinda Jim, Jerry Yee

Nephrology Articles

Mentorship has always been important in medicine. In fact, one can argue that that is how doctors are trained. Moreover, mentorship has been proven to preserve and elevate those who wish to pursue academic medicine. In nephrology, mentorship has become paramount, as interest in the field has declined during this decade. In this article, we will delineate how mentorship impacts physician careers, describe different types of mentors and their characteristics, and summarize responsibilities of mentors and mentees. We will discuss specific challenges in nephrology and the steps that have been taken to address them via mentorship. We conclude that mentorship …

Book Review - The One True Universal. Barbara Ehrenreich, Natural Causes: An Epidemic Of Wellness, The Certainty Of Dying, And Killing Ourselves To Live Longer (New York: Twelve, 2018), Norma Anderson

Bridgewater Review

No abstract provided.