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Removal Of Five Cationic Dyes Using A Resin Coated With Nickel/Nickel Boride Nanoparticles, Merve Çinar, Yasemi̇n İşlek Coşkun, Tüli̇n Deni̇z Çi̇ftçi̇

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Resins coated with nickel/nickel boride nanoparticles were used to remove brilliant green, methyl violet, methylene blue, phenosafranine, and brilliant cresyl blue from water. The effects of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and initial dye concentration on the adsorption efficiencies were investigated. The point of zero charge for the adsorbent was pH 9.5. Isotherm studies were conducted using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin--Radushkevich models, and thermodynamic studies were also performed. Adsorption of the five dyes was found to obey the Langmuir isotherm model and was endothermic. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated from the Langmuir isotherm were 66.7, 88.5, 144.9, 56.2, and 147.1 …

Electrochemical Behavior And Voltammetric Determination Of Some Nitro-Substituted Benzamide Compounds, Özlem Sağlam, Ferah Cömert Önder, Tuğba Güngör, Mehmet Ay, Yusuf Di̇lgi̇n

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Voltammetric behaviors of six nitro-substituted benzamides, which are potential prodrug candidates for nitroreductase-based cancer therapy, were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The electrochemical behavior of aromatic nitro (ArNO$_{2})$ compounds by CV indicates that compounds involve various reduction/oxidation steps including the formation of aromatic nitro radical, nitroso, hydroxylamine, and amine groups. Applicability of the voltammetric determination of these prodrug candidates was studied by recording their DPVs, carried out in mixed media (Britton Robinson buffer solution $+$ DMF) at various pH values on a pencil graphite electrode (PGE). Results show that the PGE can offer a disposable, …

An Ionic Liquid/Bismuth Film-Modified Sensor For The Electrochemical Detection Of Cefixime, Yeşi̇m Tuğçe Yaman, Gülçi̇n Bolat, Ceren Yardimci, Serdar Abaci

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A highly sensitive and simple method based on an ionic liquid/ex situ bismuth film-modified single-use pencil graphite electrode (IL/Bi/PGE) was offered for the electrochemical detection of cefixime (CEF) for the first time. The synergistic effects of the ionic liquid and bismuth film combination as the surface modifier remarkably improved the electrochemical response of the modified sensor. Anodic oxidation of CEF was observed at 0.9 V vs. Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl as one well-defined irreversible oxidation peak. Under optimum experimental conditions, the IL/Bi/PGE exhibited a linear relationship for CEF concentrations in the range of 0.005--0.5 $\mu $M (R$^{2}$ = 0.996) with a …

Synthesis And Evaluation Of Novel 1,3,4-Thiadiazole--Fluoroquinolone Hybrids As Antibacterial, Antituberculosis, And Anticancer Agents, Asli Demi̇rci̇, Kaan Gökçe Karayel, Esra Tatar, Si̇nem Öktem Okullu, Ni̇han Ünübol, Paki̇ze Nesli̇han Taşli, Zühtü Tanil Kocagöz, Fi̇kretti̇n Şahi̇n, İlkay Küçükgüzel

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A series of 5-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole-based fluoroquinolone derivatives were designed as potential antibacterial and anticancer agents using a molecular hybridization approach. The target compounds 16-25 were synthesized by reacting the corresponding $N$-(5-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-chloroacetamides with ciprofloxacin or norfloxacin. The purity and identity of the synthesized compounds were determined by the use of chromatographic and spectral techniques (NMR, IR, MS, etc.) besides elemental analysis. Antibacterial, antituberculosis, and anticancer activity of the target compounds were evaluated against selected strains and cancer cell lines. Compound 20 was appreciated as the most active agent representing antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 4 …

Removal Of Toxic Metals From Canola Oil By Newly Synthesized Calixarene-Based Resin, Muhammad Afzal Kamboh, Shahabuddi̇n Memon, Liaquat Ali Zardari, Hamid Rashidi Nodeh, Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi, Mustafa Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

This study describes the synthesis, characterization, and application of a new $p-$sulfonatocalix[4]arene-based silica resin (calix-resin 5) for the extraction of selected metals, namely Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, Cu and Fe, from canola oil. Synthesis, morphology, purity, and elemental composition of calix-resin 5 were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The metal extraction efficiency of calix-resin 5 was evaluated through the batch-wise method with a flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer following the wet acid digestion procedure. The results obtained showed that the newly fabricated adsorbent material calix-resin 5 is an efficient adsorbent and exhibits great …

Synthesis Of 2-Substituted 8-Propargyloxyquinoline Derivatives And Determination Of Their Antioxidant, Antibacterial, And Dna Binding Activities, Ayşegül Gümüş, Veysi̇ Okumuş, Selçuk Gümüş

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

2-Substituted 8-propargyloxyquinoline derivatives have been synthesized from 2-substituted-8-hydroxyquinolines by O-propargylation method (30%-98% yields). The newly synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro antioxidant activities such as DPPH radical scavenging, ferrous chelating, and reducing power activities. The maximum radical scavenging (46.5%) and reducing power activities were obtained from 1 and maximum ferrous chelating effect was obtained from 6 (72.1%) at the concentration of 500 $\mu $g/mL. To indicate DNA binding activity of the complexes calf thymus DNA was used. The compounds were also evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against three gram-positive and three gram-negative bacteria. Compounds 3 and 5 exhibited antibacterial …

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

No abstract provided.

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

No abstract provided.

Synthesis Of Acetamide Derivatives Of 1,2,4-Triazole Bearing Azinane And Their Binding Interactions With Bovine Serum Albumin Using Spectroscopic Techniques, Javed Iqbal, Aziz Ur Rehman, Muhammad Athar Abbasi, Sabahat Zahra Siddiqui, Hira Khalid, Sabina Jhaumeer Laulloo, Nausheen Joondan, Aniisah Banu Taupass, Shahid Rasool, Syed Adnan Ali Shah

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A new series of acetamide derivatives containing 1,2,4-triazole and azinane moieties has been synthesized and characterized using $^{1}$H NMR, $^{13}$C NMR, IR, and EI-MS spectroscopic analysis. The intermediate triazole was synthesized through a sequential synthesis of carboxylate and carbohydrazide. The bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding of the newly synthesized 1,2,4-triazole derivatives was evaluated along with thermodynamics, site-selective binding, and synchronous study. The results obtained by BSA binding as well as thermodynamic studies justify that all the compounds show spontaneous interaction with BSA and could be effectively distributed and eliminated from the body. Therefore, the triazole-based analogs might be a useful …

Quantification Of Flavonoids Isolated From \Textit{Mentha Spicata} In Selected Clones Of Turkish Mint Landraces, Ramazan Erenler, İsa Telci̇, Mahfuz Elmastaş, Hüseyi̇n Akşi̇t, Fati̇h Gül, Ali̇ Riza Tüfekçi̇, İbrahi̇m Demi̇rtaş, Ömer Kayir

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Mint has been used extensively in traditional medicines, spices, and herbal teas throughout the world. Isolation of flavonoids from Mentha spicata and quantification of these compounds in selected clones of Turkish mints landraces were achieved. M. spicata was dried in shade and then boiled in water. After filtration, the aqueous extract was partitioned with ethyl acetate. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to yield the extract, subjected to silica gel column chromatography to isolate 5-demethyl sinensetin (1), hesperidin (2), didymin (3), and linarin (4), the structures of which were elucidated by 1D NMR, 2D NMR, and LC-TOF/MS. The isolated …

Experimental And Theoretical Study Of Nh$_{3}$ Adsorption And Desorption Over A Cu-Chabazite Nh$_{3}$-Scr Catalyst, Selmi̇ Eri̇m Bozbağ, Mutlu Şi̇mşek, Onur Demi̇r, Deni̇z Şanli Yildiz, Hüseyi̇n Barkin Özener, Gökhan Hi̇sar, Can Erkey

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

NH$_{3}$ adsorption and desorption behavior of a commercial Cu-chabazite (CHA) NH$_{3}$ selective catalytic reduction (NH$_{3}$-SCR) catalyst was studied in the presence and absence of H$_{2}$O. NH$_{3}$ uptake values at various adsorption temperatures were obtained during various steps of the adsorption and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiments. Total NH$_{3}$ uptake decreased from 4.6 to 1.6 g NH$_{3}$/L catalyst when the adsorption temperature was increased from 50 to 300 $^{\circ}$C. Three major adsorption sites for NH$_{3}$ adsorption could be identified and quantified using TPD experiments, namely loosely, moderately, and strongly bound NH$_{3}$ with peak centers at around 147, 266, and 447 $^{\circ}$C. The …

Cloning And Soluble Expression Of Mature ${\Alpha}$-Luffin From Luffa Cylindrica In E. Coli Using Sumo Fusion Protein, Shaghayegh Namvar, Farzaneh Barkhordari, Mozhgan Raigani, Hoda Jahandar, Leila Nematollahi, Fatemeh Davami

Turkish Journal of Biology

${\alpha}$-Luffin, found in Luffa cylindrica seeds, is a type I ribosome inactivating proteins. Cytotoxic effects make it an appropriate candidate for the construction of immunotoxins and conjugates. Because of limited natural resources, recombinant technology is the best approach to achieve large-scale production of plant-based proteins. In the present study, ${\alpha}$-luffin protein was expressed in E. coli and the effects of different temperature conditions, SUMO fusion tag, and cultivation strategies on total expression and solubility were investigated. Protein expression was evaluated at different intervals (0, 4, 6, 8, 24 h) postinduction. Our results showed that EnBase had higher efficiency than LB, …

Effects Of Trimethylamine Oxide (Tmao) And Loading Duration On The Shoot Tip Cryopreservation Of Loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica), Tianqi Huang, Muhammad Qasim Shahid, Faheem Shahzad Baloch, Shunquan Lin, Xiang Hui Yang

Turkish Journal of Biology

Two cryoprotectant solutions, including trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and several loading durations were used to evaluate the cryopreservation of the shoot tip of Eriobotrya plants. The best results for regrowth (59.91%) were obtained from 10% TMAO compared to 10% DMSO as cryoprotectant, although nonsignificant differences were found for survival between the two cryoprotectants. We detected pronounced effects of loading duration on survival and regrowth rates of shoot tips. The maximum regrowth (56.36%) was observed at 9 h of loading duration. The cryoprotectants and loading durations greatly affected the regrowth of Eriobotrya shoot tips, and TMAO could be …

Assessment Of Iranian Endemic Artemisia Khorassanica: Karyological, Genome Size,And Gene Expressions Involved In Artemisinin Production, Farokh Hamidi, Ghasem Karimzadeh, Sajad Rashidi Monfared, Maryam Salehi

Turkish Journal of Biology

The species of Artemisia, one of the largest genera of the family Asteraceae, are frequently utilized for the treatment of diseases such as malaria, hepatitis, cancer, inflammation, and infections by fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Karyological studies were performed on 18 Artemisia khorassanica populations: eleven were diploid (2n = 18) and seven were tetraploid (2n = 36). The mean chromosome lengths were 3.61 and 3.84 ?m for diploids and tetraploids, respectively. Two chromosome types ("m", "sm") formed karyotype formulas "18m" for diploids and "36m" and "34m + 2sm" for tetraploids. The mean 2C DNA contents were 5.91 and 11.53 pg in …

Long Noncoding Rna Pvt1: Potential Oncogene In The Development Of Acutelymphoblastic Leukemia, Narjes Yazdi, Mohammad Houshmand, Amir Atashi, Alireza Kazemi, Ali Anjam Najmedini, Mahin Nikougoftar Zarif

Turkish Journal of Biology

Emerging evidence shows that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in various cellular processes, and that plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1), a newly described oncogene that interacts with various molecules such as p15, p16, NOP2, and c-Myc, is a major contributing factor in tumor development. However, the role of this oncogene remains unknown in the pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most prevalent form of childhood leukemia. In this study, we first measure the expression level of PVT1 in a Jurkat cell line, then small interfering (siRNA) PVT1 is applied to demonstrate the impact of PVT1 knockdown in apoptosis, proliferation, …

Identification Of Conserved Mirna Molecules In Einkorn Wheat (Triticum Monococcum Subsp. Monococcum) By Using Small Rna Sequencing Analysis, Ercan Selçuk Ünlü, Sara Bataw, Di̇dem Şen, Yunus Şahi̇n, Nusret Zenci̇rci̇

Turkish Journal of Biology

Triticum monococcum subsp. monococcum as a first cultivated diploid wheat species possesses desirable agronomic and quality characteristics. Drought and salinity are the most dramatic environmental stress factors that have serious impact on yield and quality of crops; however, plants can use alternative defense mechanisms against these stresses. The posttranscriptional alteration of gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs) is one of the most conserved mechanisms. In plant species including wheat genomes, miRNAs have been implicated in the management of salt and drought stress; however, studies on einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum subsp. monococcum) are not yet available. In this study, we aimed to …

An Investigation Of Argumentation Theory For The Prediction Of Survival In Elderly Using Biomarkers, Lucas Middeldorf Rizzo, Ljiljana Majnaric, Pierpaolo Dondio, Luca Longo

Conference papers

Research on the discovery, classification and validation of biological markers, or biomarkers, have grown extensively in the last decades. Newfound and correctly validated biomarkers have great potential as prognostic and diagnostic indicators, but present a complex relationship with pertinent endpoints such as survival or other diseases manifestations. This research proposes the use of computational argumentation theory as a starting point for the resolution of this problem for cases in which a large amount of data is unavailable. A knowledge-base containing 51 different biomarkers and their association with mortality risks in elderly was provided by a clinician. It was applied for …

Direct Measurement Of Rupture Force Of Single Triazole Molecule By Atomic Force Microscope And Solid Phase Synthesis Of Monodisperse Polyethylene Glycols, Ashok Khanal

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This dissertation includes two topics, which are related to each other: (1) Rupture force measurement of single triazole molecule by atomic force microscope (AFM) and (2) Solid phase stepwise synthesis of polyethylene glycols (PEGs).

The reaction of an alkyne and an azide to form a 1,2,3- triazole has found wide applications. However, the stability of triazole under mechanical stress is unclear. We investigated the cycloreversion at the single molecular level using atomic force microscopy. A mica surface functionalized with a molecule containing a 1,2,3-triazole moiety in the middle and an activated ester at the end was prepared. An AFM tip …

Effects Of Co-Product Uses On Environmental And Economic Sustainability Of Hydrocarbon Biofuel From One- And Two-Step Pyrolysis Of Poplar, Daniel G. Kulas

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This study investigated the environmental and economic sustainability of liquid hydrocarbon biofuel production via fast pyrolysis of poplar biomass through two pathways: a one-step pathway that converted poplar via fast pyrolysis only, and a twostep pathway that includes a torrefaction step prior to fast pyrolysis. Optimization of these fast pyrolysis-based biofuel processes were investigated through heat integration and alternative uses of the co-product biochar, which can be sold as an energy source to displace coal, soil amendment or processed into activated carbon. The impacts of optimization on the cost of hydrocarbon biofuel production as well as the environmental impacts were …

Manipulation Of Genes Involved In Secondary Cell Wall Development During Wood Formation In Poplar, Kavitha Satish Kumar

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Lignins are second most abundant components of vascular plant cell walls. They provide plants with structural rigidity and are polymers of monolignols. Lignin polymerization is catalyzed by peroxidases and/or laccases. These enzymes are suggested to share functional overlap and mechanism by which they coordinate this process is not clearly understood. There are about 100 peroxidases and 50 laccase genes known in poplar genome out of which some stem differentiating xylem-specific (SDX) enzymes were selected for our study. The main objective was to genetically manipulate genes expressed in the SDX region in the cell wall to see the effects on lignin …

An Injectable Thermosensitive Biodegradable Hydrogel Embedded With Snap Containing Plla Microparticles For Sustained Nitric Oxide (No) Delivery For Wound Healing, Nikhil Mittal

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

After injury, wound healing is a complex sequential cascade of events essential for the proper recovery of the wound without the scar formation. Nitric oxide (NO) is a small, endogenous free-radical gas with antimicrobial, vasodilating and growth factor stimulating properties. NO has wide biomedical application especially in wound healing however, its usability is hindered due its administration problem as it is highly unstable.

In this work, poly (l-lactic acid) microparticles encapsulated with NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D-penicillamine (SNAP) were prepared using water-in-oil-water double emulsion solvent evaporation method for controlled delivery for NO at the specific site. The NO release from SNAP-PLLA microparticles …

Statistical Methods For Detecting Causal Rare Variants And Analyzing Multiple Phenotypes, Xinlan Yang

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This dissertation includes two papers with each distributed in one chapter. To date, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a large number of common variants that are associated with complex diseases successfully. However, the common variants identified by GWAS only account for a small proportion of trait heritability. Many studies showed that rare variants could explain parts of the missing heritability. Since the well-developed common variant detecting methods are underpowered for rare variant association tests unless sample sizes or effect sizes are very large, investigation the roles of rare variants in complex diseases presents substantial challenges. In chapter 1, we …

Statistical Methods For Analyzing Multivariate Phenotypes And Detecting Rare Variant Associations, Huanhuan Zhu

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This dissertation includes four papers with each distributed in one chapter.

In chapter 1, I compared the performance of eight multivariate phenotype association tests. The motivation to conduct this power comparison paper is as follows. For nearly 15 years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been widely used to identify genetic variants associated with human diseases and traits. GWAS typically investigate genetic variants for a predefined phenotype, thus fail to identify weak but important effects. In recent years, many multivariate association tests have been developed. However, there is a lack of comprehensive summary of such kinds of approaches. To fill this …

Wisconsin Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowners And Wood-Based Bioenergy, Jennifer L. Dunn

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Wood-based bioelectricity production is expanding due to its ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional fossil fuel resources. U.S. non-industrial private forest landowners (NIPFs) are key to the production of wood-based bioelectricity since they own 59% of the forestland in the country that could supply bioelectricity feedstocks (The National Association of State Foresters 2018). This is particularly important in states like Wisconsin with a mandatory renewable portfolio electricity standard (RPS). My dissertation focuses on issues around Wisconsin bioelectricity production including related NIPF views and the creation of the state’s sustainable biomass harvesting guidelines. In Chapter Two, I present …

Reverse Insulator Dielectrophoresis: Utilizing Droplet Microenvironments For Discerning Molecular Expressions On Cell Surfaces, Jeana Collins

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technologies enable the development of portable analysis devices that use small sample and reagent volumes, allow for multiple unit operations, and couple with detectors to achieve high resolution and sensitivity, while having small footprints, low cost, short analysis times, and portability. Droplet microfluidics is a subset of LOCs with the unique benefit of enabling parallel analysis since each droplet can be utilized as an isolated microenvironment. This work explored adaptation of droplet microfluidics into a unique, previously unexplored application where the water/oil interface was harnessed to bend electric field lines within individual droplets for insulator dielectrophoretic (iDEP) characterizations. …

Modeling Canopy Effect In The Great Lakes Cladophora Model, Ankita Bakshi

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Cladophora glomerata is a filamentous green alga native to the Great Lakes. However, its nuisance growth in phosphorus rich waters negatively affects the lakes’ aesthetic and water quality. The Great Lakes Cladophora Model (GLCM) v1, developed in 1982, was the first mechanistic model to simulate Cladophora growth basing phosphorus availability and environmental conditions followed by Cladophora Growth Model and GLCM v2. In this study, the light and temperature mediation factors for Cladophora net growth are revised as a necessary step prior to the development of a self-shading algorithm. The concept of a fixed-value, maximum achievable biomass (carrying capacity) employed in …

Probing Quantum Transport In Three-Terminal Nanojunctions, Meghnath Jaishi

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

One-dimensional (1D) nanoscale systems—structures with the lateral dimensions ranging from 1 nm to 100 nm — have received significant research interest due to their unique structure-guided properties that promise functionalities far more superior than their bulk counterparts. The quantum confinement effect in 1D nanostructures provides us with a very powerful tool to tune their electrical, magnetic, optical and thermal properties and opens the gateway for their multifunctional usages in next-generation electronics. In particular, carbon nanotubes and semiconductor nanowires are found to offer tremendous opportunities to form the junction devices with controlled electronic and optoelectronic properties crucial to predictable device functions. …

Development Of Open Source Software And Hardware Tool-Chains For Novel Electronics, Shane Oberloier

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

3-D printing technologies have become widely adopted and have spurred innovation and efficiency across many markets. A large contributor to the success of 3-D printing are open source, low cost electronics. On-site circuit manufacturing, however, has not become as widely utilized as 3-D printing. This project attempts to address this problem by proposing and demonstrating an open source circuit board milling machine which is inexpensive, easily manufactured, and accurate. In three interdependent sub-projects, this thesis defines a standard method for designing open source hardware, the design of the bespoke circuit mill, and explores an application of the mill for novel …

Employing Dielectric-Based Media For Controlling Field Patterns And Wave Propagation In Advanced Electromagnetic Devices, Navid Pourramzan Gandji

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Rapid progress in developing electromagnetic devices and in governing the wave propagation during last years caused renewed interest to dielectric materials. First, engineered dielectric structures with spatial dispersion of their parameters came to replace uniform substrates in antennas and other resonance devices. Then additional boom of dielectric applications was caused by the possibility to employ dielectrics as materials of artificial media. Later, attention of researchers was attracted to properties of the media composed of dielectric resonators (DRs). Currently DRs are used to create metamaterials – the media with unprecedented properties, which cannot be found in nature. Dielectric photonic crystals and …

Above-Ground Biomass And Carbon Estimations And Recommendations For Forests In Turkey, Cuma Uykun

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation are issues that are tightly related to the environment and the public’s awareness of forest conservation, which are currently major areas of global interest. Greenhouse gas emissions and removals are required to be reported regularly (5 year intervals) and in compliance with the United Nation’s Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) of 1992, which was later extended by the Kyoto Protocol International Treaty. The UNFCCC`s policy has been accepted by more than 150 countries. Turkey`s forests are controlled and managed by the government and some major tree species still need to have their own …