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Medicine@Yale September/October 2018 Volume 14, Issue 3, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

The Role Of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (Enos) Coupling Status During Acute Hyperglycemia As Determined By Real-Time Measurements Of Blood Nitric Oxide And Hydrogen Peroxide In Rat, Matthew Bertolet

PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship

Acute hyperglycemia can impair vascular endothelial function in non-diabetic subjects in addition to diabetic patients. Decreased endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (SO) and hydrogen peroxide (H202), are the major characteristics of vascular endothelial dysfunction. Normally, vascular endothelial function depends on NO production from coupled endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in the presence of 5,6,7,8- tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). By contrast, 7,8-dihydrobiopterin (BH2, Oxidized form of BH4) and/or lack ofL-arginine (coupled eNOS substrate) causes eNOS uncoupling to produce SO, which can be quickly converted to H202. The role of eNOS uncoupling in acute …

Test 2207: Challenger Mt743, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Test 2205: Challenger Mt738, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Test 2202: John Deere 6215r Autoquad-Plus, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Test 2200a: New Holland Workmaster 70, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Test 2200: Case Ih Farmall 70a, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Test 2190a: New Holland Workmaster 50, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Martha Fineman, More Transformative Than Ever, Michéle Alexandre

Emory Law Journal

The breadth and depth of Fineman¿s work are such that it would be impossible to discuss all the layers of her ongoing legacy in this short Essay. For the sake of brevity, I confine my discussion to three points. Specifically, the foundations laid by Martha¿s work reverberate culturally and globally in three ways: (1) valuation of invisible labor, (2) normalization of uncomfortable conversations, and (3) universalization and destigmatization of vulnerability. While I focus solely on these key contributions, I could go on forever about the breath and scope of Fineman¿s influence and the impact of her mentorship. To trace Martha¿s …

2017 U.S. Globe Partner Yearbook, Globe U.S. Coordination Office

Partner Yearbooks

No abstract provided.

Facilitated Excretion Of Gold Nanoparticles By Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles Through The Atp7b Transporter, Xiaodong Wang

Open Access Dissertations

Scientific areas have utilized the exclusive qualities of nanomaterials for medicine, diagnostics, drug delivery, tissue engineering and environmental protection. Inorganic metal nanoparticles such as gold and copper have been widely studied in the past decades. Due to the strong and tunable surface plasmon resonance (SPR), nanostructures including nanoshells, nanorods, nanocages, and hollow nanospheres exhibit strong optical absorption at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths (650–900 nm), resulting in resonance and transfer of thermal energies to the surrounding tissue to raise the temperature. The absorbance of NIR light is desirable because it minimizes thermal injury to normal tissues while providing optimal light penetration. The …

Profiling And Modification Of Silicon Nitride Based Planar Substrates And Nanopores, Nuwan Dhananjaya Bandara

Open Access Dissertations

A nanopore—typically defined as a through-hole with dimensions <100 nm in all directions that functions as the sole path between two electrolyte reservoirs—is a robust single molecule sensor element which has enjoyed a wealth of applications spanning genomics and proteomics, with fledgling contributions to glycomics over the past two decades. Two classes of nanopores exist—biological and solid state. Biological nanopores, for example, α-hemolysin, are highly reproducible and precise—with nanopore lengths and critical constriction sizes that are well known and reproducible. This is not the case with solid state nanopores. Assuming total nanopore length is equal to the nominal thickness of the membrane provided by the manufacturer is a standard practice in the nanopore field. However, given fabrication tolerances, there is some room for error, in certain instances close to 60% of the provided nominal thickness. Any error in nanopore length will couple to errors in the radius calculation. Another two key assumptions are: i) the nanopore has a cylindrical shape unless (and often even if) the shape is otherwise known and ii) a single nanopore through the membrane is formed when one is intended. These issues were addressed by developing a framework that shows errors in harboring such geometric assumptions and eventual consequences for nanopore-based sensing experiments.

The focus of nanopore-based sensing has been predominantly on DNA and protein profiling with only fledging contributions to glycomic profiling. Silicon nitride-based solid state nanopores were used to understand translocation conditions related to alginate and then to study source variability associated with alginates. The two alginates used (from two different sources) gave two distinct signal patterns. Heparin, a common anticoagulant was contaminated in 2008 with over sulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS)—a structurally similar adulterant—which lead to ~120 deaths in the United States. Nanopores, with sizes ranging from ~8.6 nm- ~13.6 nm were used …

Physical Characterization Of Warburg Effect In Cancer Cells, Da Wei

Open Access Dissertations

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States after heart disease. Because the frequency of cancer diagnoses is correlated with life expectancy, we can expect the rate of cancer diagnosis to increase with the increase of life expectancy. Additionally, cancer treatments are notoriously costly and challenging due to the heterogeneity of the cancer cell population. For these reasons, devising methods to study the characteristics, efficiently diagnose and treat cancer is extremely important.

Warburg effect has been considered as the most unique mechanism that differ cancer cells from normal cells. Normally, most of the healthy cells predominantly …

Cyclodextrin-Promoted Detection Systems For Biological Matrices And Environmental Applications, Dana J. Discenza

Open Access Dissertations

The detection of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in complex biological and environmental samples is an important research priority due to the known persistence, toxicity, and carcinogenicity of these compounds. Some examples of POPs include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, alcohols and phthalates. Human exposure to these compounds has been well-documented in the scientific literature, and can occur through a variety of mechanisms, such as through an individual’s exposure to contaminated air and soil or through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Additionally, individuals who have been exposed to POPs contain small amounts of these compounds in …

First Trimester Serum Biomarkers To Predict Gestational Diabetes In A High-Risk Cohort: Striving For Clinically Useful Thresholds, Siobhan M. Corcoran, Natalie Achamallah, John O'Loughlan, Philip Stafford, Pat Dicker, Fergal D. Malone, Fionnuala Breathnach

Articles

Objectives: Screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes (GDM) has been a source of controversy. The prevalence has increased in line with an obesity epidemic and a trend towards delayed child-bearing. Treatment of even modest glycaemic impairment in pregnancy has been shown to be beneficial in preventing its clinical sequalae. However the cumbersome nature and timing of the oral glucose tolerance test coupled with debate around universal versus risk factor based screening have been problematic. This group aimed to investigate a panel of biomarkers which have shown promise in the literature to predict GDM from the first trimester in a group …

Detection Of “Xisco” Gene For Identification Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Isolates, Francisco Salvà-Serra, Gwendolyn Connolly, Edward Moore, Lucia Gonzales-Siles

Articles

We describe a PCR-assay differentiating Streptococcus pneumoniae from closely-related species of the Mitis group of the genus Streptococcus and identification of pneumococcus clinical isolates, based on the “Xisco” gene discriminatory marker. The complete “Xisco” gene sequence was observed in all S. pneumoniae genomes analyzed and absent in all non-pneumococcus genomes.

Predictors Of Vitamin D Supplementation Amongst Infants In Ireland Throughout The First Year Of Life, Annemarie Bennett, John M. Kearney

Articles

A prospective observational study was conducted. Self-complete questionnaires recorded socio-demographic characteristics, health behaviours and supplementation practices for 158 mother-infant dyads at 4, 9 and 12 months post-partum. A 2-day food diary was also obtained on 12-month-old infants to examine the contribution of diet to vitamin D intakes.

Factors Associated With Maternal Wellbeing At Four Months Post-Partum In Ireland, Annemarie E. Bennett, John Kearney

Articles

This study aimed to examine factors associated with maternal wellbeing at four months post-partum in the Irish context. Socio-demographic, health behaviour and infant feeding data were collected in pregnancy, at birth and at 17 weeks post-partum. Maternal distress, body image and resilience were measured at 17 weeks post-partum. Binary logistic regression predicted maternal distress and statistical significance was taken at p < 0.05. One hundred and seventy-two women were followed-up in pregnancy, at birth and at 17 weeks post-partum. Three in five (61.6%, n106) initiated breastfeeding. At 17 weeks post-partum, 23.8% (n41) were exclusively or partially breastfeeding and over a third (36.0%, n62) of all mothers were at risk of distress. In multivariate analyses, independent predictors of distress included: low maternal resilience (p < 0.01, odds ratio (OR): 7.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.49–20.95)); unsatisfactory partner support (p = 0.02, OR: 3.89 (95% CI: 1.20–12.65)); older age (p = 0.02, OR: 1.11 (95% CI: 1.02–1.21)); and breastfeeding (p = 0.01, OR: 2.89 (95% CI: 1.29–6.47)). Routine assessment of emotional wellbeing and targeted interventions are needed to promote a more healthful transition to motherhood among women in Ireland.

Translation Of Plasma Technology From The Lab To The Food Industry, Patrick J. Cullen, James Lalor, Laurence Scally, Daniela Boehm, Vladimir Milosavljevic, Paula Bourke, Kevin Keener

Articles

The potential of cold plasma as a food processing aid has been demonstrated for a range of processes and products. The potential applications of plasma technology are extensive and include microbial decontamination, pest control, toxin elimination, food and package functionalisation and many others. However, studies reported to date have principally been at laboratory scale. This paper discusses the status and challenges of transferring the technology to the industry. The major challenges discussed for adoption of atmospheric plasma as a food processing tool by industry are (1) demonstration of product/process specific efficacies; (2) development of process compatible technology designs and scale‐up; …

Can Three Parents Make A Family In New York?, Arthur S. Leonard

Other Publications

No abstract provided.

Birth Mother Can’T Challenge Ex-Wife’S Parental Rights, Arthur S. Leonard

Other Publications

No abstract provided.

The Crispr Patent Decision Didn’T Get The Science Right. That Doesn’T Mean It Was Wrong, Jacob S. Sherkow

Other Publications

No abstract provided.

Cisgender Students Rebuffed In Illinois Bathroom Case, Arthur S. Leonard

Other Publications

No abstract provided.

Trump Trans Military Ban Keeps Catching Flak, Arthur S. Leonard

Other Publications

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Direct And Indirect Assessments Of Standing Lumbar Lordosis In Asymptomatic Adults, Nolan Adam Larson

Theses and Dissertations

Background: While lumbar lordosis is often indirectly (visually) assessed by practitioners to guide treatment, it is not clear how well direct and indirect assessments agree. The aims of this study were to (a) determine the intra- and inter-rater reliability of two indirect assessments (visual assessments of real and 3D body scanned people), and (b) determine the agreement between direct and indirect assessments (3D scan-extracted vs. visual assessments).

Methods: Fifty asymptomatic participants were physically landmarked and scanned with and without landmarks using the Vitus Smart 3D whole body scanner, after which 10 practitioners visually assessed the lumbar lordosis of each participant. …

Online Resources And The Transgender Community, Mason Maxwell Wehse

Theses and Dissertations

Transgender individuals are characterized by identifying as a gender other than the gender they were assigned at birth based on their biological sex (Meerwijk & Sevelius, 2017). Transgender identities can include being born female but identifying as male and vice versa. Identities can also include people who are non-binary meaning that they identify as a gender other than male or female, such as identifying as no gender (i.e., agender). Being transgender can be seen as controversial and there is a lot of misinformation and little formal research conducted on this topic. Because of this, transgender people often face discrimination and …

An Investigation Of The Relationships Of Student Engagement And Academic Performance Of Supplemental Instruction Students Concurrently Enrolled In A Gateway Mathematics Course At California State University In Southern California, Keisha Renee Lee

Theses and Dissertations

This study, conducted at California State University (CSU) in Southern California, focused on student engagement factors and academic performance of supplemental instruction (SI) students concurrently enrolled in a gateway mathematics course. The purpose of this quantitative correlational survey study was to investigate engagement factors employed by SI students enrolled in gateway mathematics courses; the researcher explored the relationships of the SI students’ engagement factors to their gateway mathematics course grades. The participants completed a web-based survey in which they responded to items regarding their behaviors, thoughts, and feelings as experienced in the gateway mathematics course and the SI class sessions. …

Coping And Physical Well-Being Among First, 1.5, And Second-Generation Immigrants From Of Non-European Descent, Jacob R. Stein

Theses and Dissertations

This study brings attention to the growing body of literature examining the role of culture and context in the study of generation-status differences in cross-cultural coping and physical well-being among immigrants to the United States. Prior literature on the unique challenges, stressors, coping strategies, and health outcomes for immigrants provides a basis for hypothesized generation status differences on cross-cultural coping (collectivistic, avoidance, and engagement) and physical well-being (health, safety, and environmental). A sample of 118 male and female first, 1.5, and second-generation immigrants of non-European backgrounds, between the ages of 18 and 35, were recruited from the local community to …

Best Practices To Reduce Math Anxiety, Karen Michelle Mitchell

Theses and Dissertations

The subjects of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) have grown in importance because they are fundamental to the future quality of life and the ability to compete in today's global society. The demand for STEM careers is increasing; however, the United States is having difficulty meeting this demand. Society needs students who can research and think critically, so they can be proficient in STEM education and become the next generation of mathematicians, technologists, and engineers. Mathematical proficiency is of particular concern because while it is required from STEM education success, individuals find it challenging. Both adults and children have …

Reducing Arsenic Exposure From Private Well Water In The United States: The Use, Effect, And Potential Of Testing Requirements, Sara Flanagan

Dissertations and Theses

Over 45 million Americans drink from unregulated private well water of unknown quality. Arsenic is the most concerning groundwater contaminant for health because of its toxicity and widespread natural occurrence. Most residential wells in arsenic-affected areas have not been tested for arsenic; the success of community programs and efforts to motivate testing is limited by a range of psychological, situational, and socioeconomic barriers. However, testing only acts as screening and does not reduce exposure without effective and consistent actions to follow. Given the limitations in relying on individual well owners to be aware, willing, and capable of testing their water, …