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Contributors

The Chautauqua Journal

Contributors to Volume II: Living with Others / Crossroads

The Chautauqua Journal, Complete Volume 2: Living With Others / Crossroads

The Chautauqua Journal

Complete text of The Chautauqua Journal, Volume 2: Living with Others / Crossroads

The Ethics Of Facebook, Michael W. Austin

The Chautauqua Journal

In this paper, I offer a moral analysis of Facebook. What are the morally positive features of Facebook? What are its morally negative features? I will limit my attention to the personal and interpersonal aspects of the use of this technology, and set aside an ethical analysis of the business practices, both past and present, of Facebook. My analysis, then, is not comprehensive. I will argue for a particular thesis concerning Facebook, namely, that in many ways Facebook’s moral value for a person depends on the character of that person, though the structure of this technology is not morally neutral. …

How To Build A Domesticated Fox: The Start Of A Long Journey, Lee A. Dugatkin

The Chautauqua Journal

In 1959, outside of Novosibirsk, Siberia, Dmitri Belyaev and Lyudmila Trut began what remains one of the longest-running experiments in biology. For the last 59 years they have been domesticating silver foxes and studying evolution in real time. Belyaev died in 1985, but Trut has continued to lead this experiment up to this very day. Each generation they and their team have been selecting the calmest, most prosocial-toward-humans foxes and preferentially breeding those individuals. Today they have foxes that are calmer than lap dogs, and who also look eerily dog-like—floppy ears, wagging tail and all. Belyaev and Trut’s results have …

A True Feminine Identity, Lauren Bliss

First Class: A Journal of First-Year Composition

No abstract provided.

The Gendering Of Oliver Tate, Olivia Donia

First Class: A Journal of First-Year Composition

No abstract provided.

First Class: 2018

First Class: A Journal of First-Year Composition

No abstract provided.

A Scoping Review Of Biopsychosocial Risk Factors And Co-Morbidities For Common Spinal Disorders, Bart N Green, Claire D Johnson, Scott Haldeman, Erin Griffith, Michael B Clay, Edward J Kane, Juan M Castellote, Shanmuganathan Rajasekaran, Matthew Smuck, Eric L Hurwitz, Kristi Randhawa, Hainan Yu, Margareta Nordin

Physical Therapy Collection

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review was to identify risk factors, prognostic factors, and comorbidities associated with common spinal disorders.

METHODS: A scoping review of the literature of common spinal disorders was performed through September 2016. To identify search terms, we developed 3 terminology groups for case definitions: 1) spinal pain of unknown origin, 2) spinal syndromes, and 3) spinal pathology. We used a comprehensive strategy to search PubMed for meta-analyses and systematic reviews of case-control studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials for risk and prognostic factors and cross-sectional studies describing associations and comorbidities.

RESULTS: Of …

Change Agents (2018), University Of Mississippi. Office Of Research And Sponsored Programs

Publications of the ORSP

This publication highlights a few of the significant research efforts at the University of Mississippi during the past year.

Navigating The "No Man's Land" Of Tki-Failed Egfr-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Nsclc): A Review, Bryan Oronsky, Patrick Ma, Tony R. Reid, Pedro Cabrales, Michelle Lybeck, Arnold Oronsky, Neil Oronsky, Corey A. Carter

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

As the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, lung cancer is a worldwide health issue that is overwhelmingly caused by smoking. However, a substantial minority (~25%) of patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has never smoked. In these patients, activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are more likely, which render their tumors susceptible for a finite period to treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and confer a better prognosis than EGFR wild-type NSCLC. On progression, due to the inevitable insurgence of resistance, TKIs are generally followed by second- or third-line salvage chemotherapy until treatment failure, after …

Design And Synthesis Of Small Molecule Agonists Of Epha2 Receptor, Aaron Petty, Nethrie Idippily, Viharika Bobba, Werner J. Geldenhuys, Bo Zhong, Bin Su, Bingcheng Wang

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Ligand-independent activation of EphA2 receptor kinase promotes cancer metastasis and invasion. Activating EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase with small molecule agonist is a novel strategy to treat EphA2 overexpressing cancer. In this study, we performed a lead optimization of a small molecule Doxazosin that was identified as an EphA2 receptor agonist. 33 new analogs were developed and evaluated; a structure−activity relationship was summarized based on the EphA2 activation of these derivatives. Two new derivative compounds 24 and 27 showed much improved activity compared to Doxazosin. Compound 24 possesses a bulky amide moiety, and compound 27 has a dimeric structure that is …

Mind The Hype: A Critical Evaluation And Prescriptive Agenda For Research On Mindfulness And Meditation, Nicholas T. Van Dam, Marieke K. Van Vugt, David R. Vago, Laura Schmalzl, Clifford D. Saron, Andrew Olendzki, Ted Meissner, Sara W. Lazar, Catherine E. Kerr, Jolie Gorchov, Kieran C. R. Fox, Brent A. Field, Willoughby B. Britton, Julie A. Brefczynski-Lewis, David E. Meyer

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

During the past two decades, mindfulness meditation has gone from being a fringe topic of scientific investigation to being an occasional replacement for psychotherapy, tool of corporate well-being, widely implemented educational practice, and “key to building more resilient soldiers”. Yet the mindfulness movement and empirical evidence supporting it have not gone without criticism. Misinformation and poor methodology associated with past studies of mindfulness may lead public consumers to be harmed, misled, and disappointed. Addressing such concerns, the present article discusses the difficulties of defining mindfulness, delineates the proper scope of research into mindfulness practices, and explicates crucial methodological issues for …

Dyslipidemia In Children With Arterial Ischemic Stroke: Prevalence And Risk Factors., Sally Sultan, Michael Dowling, Adam Kirton, Gabrielle Deveber, Alexandra Linds, Mitchell S. V. Elkind

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Background—Risk factors for pediatric stroke are poorly understood and require study to improve prevention. Total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) values peak to near-adult levels before puberty, a period of increased stroke incidence. The role of lipids in childhood arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) has been minimally investigated. Subjects/Methods—We performed a cross-sectional analysis of lipid and Lp(a) concentrations in children with AIS in the International Pediatric Stroke Study (IPSS) to compare the prevalence of dyslipidemia and high or low ranking lipid values in our dataset to reported population values. We tested sex, BMI, race, ethnicity, family history and stroke risk factors …

Allicin- Inspired Pyridyl Disulfides As Antimicrobial Agents For Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Jordan G. Sheppard, Jeremy P. Mcaleer, Pushkar Saralkar, Werner J. Geldenhuys, Timothy E. Long

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

A chemical library comprised of nineteen synthesized pyridyl disulfides that emulate the chemical reactivity of allicin (garlic) was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against a panel of pathogenic bacteria. Gram-positive species including vancomycin-intermediate and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA, VRSA) demonstrated the highest level of susceptibility toward analogs with S-alkyl chains of 7–9 carbons in length. Further biological studies revealed that the disulfides display synergy with vancomycin against VRSA, cause dispersal of S. aureus biofilms, exhibit low cytotoxicity, and decelerate S. aureus metabolism. In final analysis, pyridyl disulfides represent a novel class of mechanism-based antibacterial agents that have a potential application as …

Association Of The Severity Of Diabetes- Related Complications With Stage Of Breast Cancer At Diagnosis Among Elderly Women With Pre-Existing Diabetes, Ebtihag O. Alenzi, S. Suresh Madhavan, Xi Tan

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Purpose—This study assessed the association between the severity of diabetes complications using diabetes complications severity index (DCSI) and stage of breast cancer (BC) at diagnosis among elderly women with pre-existing diabetes and incident BC. Methods—Using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare data, we identified women with incident BC during 2004–2011 and pre-existing diabetes (N = 7729). Chi-square tests were used to test for group differences in stage of BC at diagnosis. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the associations between the severity of diabetes complications and stage of BC at diagnosis. Results—Overall, women with a DCSI = 2 and a …

Reiterated Concerns And Further Challenges For Mindfulness And Meditation Research: A Reply To Davidson And Dahl, Nicholas T. Van Dam, Marieke K. Van Vugt, David R. Vago, Laura Schmalzl, Clifford D. Saron, Andrew Olendzki, Ted Meissner, Sara W. Lazar, Jolie Gorchov, Kieran C. R. Fox, Brent A. Field, Willoughby B. Britton, Julie A. Brefczynski-Lewis, David E. Meyer

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

In response to our article, Davidson and Dahl offer commentary and advice regarding additional topics crucial to a comprehensive prescriptive agenda for future research on mindfulness and meditation. Their commentary raises further challenges and provides an important complement to our article. More consideration of these issues is especially welcome because limited space precluded us from addressing all relevant topics. While we agree with many of Davidson and Dahl’s suggestions, the present reply (a) highlights reasons why the concerns we expressed are still especially germane to mindfulness and meditation research (even though those concerns may not be entirely unique) and (b) …

Dietary Compound Proanthocyanidins From Chinese Bayberry (Myrica Rubra Sieb. Et Zucc.) Leaves Inhibit Angiogenesis And Regulate Cell Cycle Of Cisplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells Via Targeting Akt Pathway, Yu Zhang, Shiguo Chen, Chaoyang Wei, Gary O. Rankin, Yon Rojanasakul, Ning Ren, Xingqian Ye, Yi Charlie Chen

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy and natural products have drawn great attention for cancer treatment. Chinese bayberry leaves proanthocyanidin (BLPs) with epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) as its terminal and major extension units is unusual in the plant kingdom. In the present study, BLPs showed strong growth inhibitory effects on cisplatin-resistant A2780/CP70 cells by inhibiting angiogenesis and inducing G1 cell cycle arrest. BLPs reduced the tube formation in HUVECs and attenuated the wound healing ability in A2780/CP70 cells. BLPs further reduced the level of ROS and targeted Akt/mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP-1 pathway to reduce the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF, …

2018 Symposium Brochure

Programs

No abstract provided.

“It’S Making Memories”: A Qualitative Investigation Of Family Mealtime Cognitions, Barriers And Strategies For Success Of Parents And School-Aged Kids, K. M. Eck, K. Spaccarotella, C. L. Delaney, Melissa D. Olfert, K. P. Shelnutt, C. Byrd-Bredbenner

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Objective: Family meals, particularly those occurring in calm environments, are associated with numerous health benefits for both children and parents. However, families often struggle to share meals, with the frequency declining as kids get older. This qualitative research study aimed to explore the factors influencing family meal behaviors.

Methods: Parents (n=38) and school-age children (n=37) participated in focus group discussions guided by Social Cognitive Theory.

Results: Content analysis results indicate that parents and children believed family meals were important, promoted communication, and strengthened family bonds. Parents and children reported that a calm, enjoyable, conflict-free mealtime environment bolstered mealtime enjoyment and …

Role Modeling Is A Viable Retention Strategy For Undergraduate Women In The Geosciences, Paul R. Hernandez, Brittany Bloodhart, Amanda S. Adams, Rebecca T. Barnes, Melissa Burt, Sandra M. Clinton, Wenyi Du, Elaine Godfrey, Heather Henderson, Ilana B. Pollack, Emily V. Fischer

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Gender diversity leads to better science; however, a number of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines, including many geoscience subdisciplines, show a persistent gender gap. PROmoting Geo- science Research, Education, and SuccesS (PROGRESS) is a theory-driven role modeling and mentoring program aimed at supporting undergraduate women interested in geoscience-related degree and career pathways. This study is unique because it is being conducted in a long-term applied setting, rather than as a laboratory exercise. We compare female STEM majors in PROGRESS to a matched control group (N = 380) using a longitudinal prospec- tive multisite quasi-experimental design. College women in …

Conjugative Transposons And Their Cargo Genes Vary Across Natural Populations Of Rickettsia Buchneri Infecting The Tick Ixodes Scapularis, Rachael Hagen, Victoria I. Verhoeve, Joseph J. Gillespie, Timothy P. Driscoll

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Rickettsia buchneri (formerly Rickettsia endosymbiont of Ixodes scapularis, or REIS) is an obligate intracellular endoparasite of the black-legged tick, the primary vector of Lyme disease in North America. It is noteworthy among the rickettsiae for its relatively large genome (1.8 Mb) and extraordinary proliferation of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which comprise nearly 35% of its genome. Previous analysis of the R. buchneri genome identified several integrative conjugative elements named Rickettsiales amplified genomic elements (RAGEs); the composition of these RAGEs suggests that continued genomic invasions by MGEs facilitated the proliferation of rickettsial genes related to an intracellular lifestyle. In this study, …

Approaches To Denoise The Diffuse Optical Signals For Tissue Blood Flow Measurement, Peng Zhang, Zhiguo Gui, Yu Shang

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Various diseases are relevant to the abnormal blood flow in tissue. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is an emerging technology to extract the blood flow index (BFI) from light electric field temporal autocorrelation data. To account for tissue heterogeneity and irregular geometry, we developed an innovative DCS algorithm (i.e., the Nth order linear algorithm, or simply the NL algorithm) previously, in which the DCS signals are fully utilized through iterative linear regressions. Under the framework of NL algorithm, the BFI to be extracted is significantly influenced by the linear regression approach adopted. In this study, three approaches were proposed and evaluated …

Demographic Characteristics Of An Avian Predator, Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia Motacilla), In Response To Its Aquatic Prey In A Central Appalachian Usa Watershed Impacted By Shale Gas Development, Mack W. Frantz, Petra B. Wood, George T. Merovich Jr

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

We related Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) demographic response and nest sur- vival to benthic macroinvertebrate aquatic prey and to shale gas development parameters using models that accounted for both spatial and non-spatial sources of variability in a Central Appala- chian USA watershed. In 2013, aquatic prey density and pollution intolerant genera (i.e., pollu- tion tolerance value

Group Ii Innate Lymphoid Cells And Microvascular Dysfunction From Pulmonary Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Exposure, Alaeddin Bashir Abukabda, Carroll Rolland Mcbride, Thomas Paul Batchelor, William Travis Goldsmith, Elizabeth Compton Bowdridge, Krista Lee Garner, Sherri Friend, Timothy Robert Nurkiewicz

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: The cardiovascular effects of pulmonary exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are poorly understood, and the reproductive consequences are even less understood. Inflammation remains the most frequently explored mechanism of ENM toxicity. However, the key mediators and steps between lung exposure and uterine health remain to be fully defined. The purpose of this study was to determine the uterine inflammatory and vascular effects of pulmonary exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2). We hypothesized that pulmonary nano-TiO2 exposure initiates a Th2 inflammatory response mediated by Group II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), which may be associated with an impairment in uterine microvascular …

Adp-Ribosylation Factor-Like 2 (Arl2) Regulates Cilia Stability And Development Of Outer Segments In Rod Photoreceptor Neurons, Zachary C. Wright, Yuriy Loskutov, Daniel Murphy, Peter Stoilov, Elena Pugacheva, Andrew F.X. Goldberg, Visvanathan Ramamurthy

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Photoreceptor cells are specialized neurons with a sensory cilium carrying an elaborate membrane structure, the outer segment (OS). Inherited mutations in genes involved in ciliogenesis frequently result in OS malformation and blindness. ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 (ARL2) has recently been implicated in OS formation through its association with Binder of ARL2 (BART or ARL2BP), a protein linked to inherited blinding disease. To test the role of ARL2 in vision we created a transgenic mouse model expressing a tagged-dominant active form of human ARL2 (ARL2-Q70L) under a rod-specific promoter. Transgenic ARL2-Q70L animals exhibit reduced photoreceptor cell function as early as post-natal day …

Analytical Cpg Model Driven By Limb Velocity Input Generates Accurate Temporal Locomotor Dynamics, Sergiy Yakovenko, Anton Sobinov, Valeriya Gritsenko

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The ability of vertebrates to generate rhythm within their spinal neural networks is essential for walking, running, and other rhythmic behaviors. The central pattern generator (CPG) network responsible for these behaviors is well-characterized with experimental and theoretical studies, and it can be formulated as a nonlinear dynam- ical system. The underlying mechanism responsible for locomotor behavior can be expressed as the process of leaky integration with resetting states generating appropriate phases for changing body velocity. The low-dimensional input to the CPG model generates the bilateral pattern of swing and stance modulation for each limb and is consistent with the desired …

Waking Up Every Day In A Body That Is Not Yours: A Qualitative Research Inquiry Into The Intersection Between Eating Disorders And Pregnancy, Elizabeth A. Claydon, Danielle M. Davidov, Keith J. Zullig, Christa L. Lilly, Lesley Cattrell, Stephanie C. Zerwas

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: Women with eating disorders are more likely to negatively react to finding out they are pregnant, although this difference in attitudes between women with eating disorders and controls disappears at 18-weeks’ gestation. Those with anorexia also are twice as likely to have an unplanned pregnancy and those with bulimia have a 30-fold increased chance compared with healthy controls. Therefore, due to these considerations, pregnancy and the transition to motherhood can be an extremely challenging time for these women both psychologically and physically. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to understand the intersection between eating disorders and pregnancy …

Structural Basis For The Second Step Of Group Ii Intron Splicing, Russell T. Chan, Jessica K. Peters, Aaron R. Robart, Timothy Wiryaman, Kanagalaghatta R. Rajashankar, Navtej Toor

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The group II intron and the spliceosome share a common active site architecture and are thought to be evolutionarily related. Here we report the 3.7 Å crystal structure of a eukaryotic group II intron in the lariat-3′ exon form, immediately preceding the second step of splicing, analogous to the spliceosomal P complex. This structure reveals the location of the intact 3′ splice site within the catalytic core of the group II intron. The 3′-OH of the 5′ exon is positioned in close proximity to the 3′ splice site for nucleophilic attack and exon ligation. The active site undergoes conformational rearrangements …

Embodying Functionally Relevant Action Sounds In Patients With Spinal Cord Injury, Mariella Pazzaglia, Giulia Galli, James W. Lewis, Giorgio Scivoletto, Anna Maria Giannini, Marco Molinari

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Growing evidence indicates that perceptual-motor codes may be associated with and influenced by actual bodily states. Following a spinal cord injury (SCI), for example, individuals exhibit reduced visual sensitivity to biological motion. However, a dearth of direct evidence exists about whether profound alterations in sensorimotor traffic between the body and brain influence audio-motor representations. We tested 20 wheelchair-bound individuals with lower skeletal-level SCI who were unable to feel and move their lower limbs, but have retained upper limb function. In a two-choice, matching-to-sample auditory discrimination task, the participants were asked to determine which of two action sounds matched a sample …

Changing Climatic Averages And Variance: Implications For Mesophication At The Eastern Edge Of North America’S Eastern Deciduous Forest, Evan Kutta, Jason A. Hubbart

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Observed conversion of xerophytic warm genera species to mesophytic cool genera species in North America’s Eastern Deciduous Forest (EDF) suggests species composition is in disequilibrium with recent climatic warming. However, increasing annual average temperatures is an oversimplification of long-term climatic change and the importance of climate variance is often neglected. Seven-year moving averages and standard deviations of annually averaged maximum temperatures, minimum temperatures, daily precipitation, and vapor pressure deficits (VPD) in West Virginia, USA were quantified over a 111-year period of record (1906–2016). Maximum temperatures decreased significantly (−5.3%; p < 0.001), minimum temperatures increased significantly (7.7%; p < 0.001), and precipitation increased (2.2%; p = 0.107). Additionally, maximum temperature variance decreased (−17.4%; p = 0.109), minimum temperature variance decreased significantly (−22.6%; p = 0.042), and precipitation variance increased significantly (26.6%; p = 0.004). Results indicate a reduced diurnal temperature range and significant reductions in estimated VPD (10.3%; p < 0.001) that imply increased relative humidity, cloud cover, and soil moisture that may support increasingly abundant mesophytic cool genera species. Feedback mechanisms associated with extensive changes in land use, fire suppression, and browser population may have exacerbated climatic changes. Long-term assessments of changing climatic averages and variance are needed to ensure sustainability of forest ecosystem services, health, and productivity in a swiftly changing climate across the broader EDF region and similar temperate forest ecosystems globally.