Digital Commons Network^™

2018-01-15-Eagle Cam, University Marketing And Communications, East Tennessee State University

Accent [newsletter]

No abstract provided.

Highly Conserved Molecular Pathways, Including Wnt Signaling, Promote Functional Recovery From Spinal Cord Injury In Lampreys, Paige E. Herman, Angelos Papatheodorou, Stephanie A. Bryant, Courtney K. M. Waterbury, Joseph R. Herdy, Anthony A. Arcese, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Jeramiah J. Smith, Jennifer R. Morgan, Ona Bloom

Biology Faculty Publications

In mammals, spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to dramatic losses in neurons and synaptic connections, and consequently function. Unlike mammals, lampreys are vertebrates that undergo spontaneous regeneration and achieve functional recovery after SCI. Therefore our goal was to determine the complete transcriptional responses that occur after SCI in lampreys and to identify deeply conserved pathways that promote regeneration. We performed RNA-Seq on lamprey spinal cord and brain throughout the course of functional recovery. We describe complex transcriptional responses in the injured spinal cord, and somewhat surprisingly, also in the brain. Transcriptional responses to SCI in lampreys included transcription factor networks …

A Galactomannoglucan Derived From Agaricus Brasiliensis: Purification, Characterization And Macrophage Activation Via Mapk And Ikappab/Nfkappab Pathways, Yanqing Zhang, Danting Liu, Leilei Fang, Xiaotong Zhao, Aimin Zhou, Junbo Xie

Chemistry Faculty Publications

In this study, a novel galactomannoglucan named as TJ2 was isolated from Agaricus brasiliensis with microwave extraction, macroporous resin, ion exchange resin and high resolution gel chromatography. TJ2 is composed of glucose, mannose and galactose in the ratio 99.2:0.2:0.6. Infrared spectra (IR), methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated that TJ2 mainly contained a b-(1?3) – linked glucopyranosyl backbone. Interestingly, TJ2 significantly promoted RAW264.7 cell proliferation, and was able to activate the cells to engulf E. coli. In addition, TJ2 induced the expression of Interleukin 1b (IL-1b), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in …

Why Do Families Relinquish Care Of Children With Intellectual Disability And Severe Challenging Behaviors? Professional’S Perspectives, Jessica Ng, Paul Rhodes

The Qualitative Report

Relinquishing care of a child with developmental disabilities can be a traumatic experience for parents. The aim of this study was to explore the perception of professionals regarding the relationships within families and service systems that contribute towards the relinquishment of children with Intellectual Disability (ID) and challenging behavior. Fifteen disability professionals were interviewed from a variety of disciplines, each having been involved in supporting a family while they relinquished care. A constructionist grounded theory approach was used for analysis, with data interpreted through a systemic lens. An accumulation of factors led to relinquishment, including the cumulative isolation of mothers …

High Bio-Content Polyurethane (Pu) Foam Made From Bio-Polyol And Cellulose Nanocrystals (Cncs) Via Microwave Liquefaction, Xingyan Huang, Cornelis F. De Hoop, Jiulong Xie, Qinglin Wu, Dorin Boldor, Jinqiu Qi

Faculty Publications

In this work, both the bio-polyol and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) used to produce high bio-content polyurethane (PU) foams were prepared from microwave liquefaction of rape straw. As high as 40% petro-based polyol was replaced by bio-polyol and the bio-foams containing 40% bio-polyol (PU40) were further reinforced by incorporating 1 to 6% CNCs. GC–MS, 1H NMR and FTIR observations demonstrated that the bio-polyol is a hydroxyl-rich source consisting of C5, C6 sugars and aromatics. The maximum physico-mechanical performance of bio-foam without CNCs was observed from the bio-foam containing 20% bio-polyol. When further increasing bio-polyol content from 20 to 40%, these properties …

Deeply-Sourced Formate Fuels Sulfate Reducers But Not Methanogens At Lost City Hydrothermal Field, Susan Q. Lang, Gretchen L. Früh-Green, Stefano M. Bernasconi, William J. Brazelton, Matthew O. Schrenk, Julia M. Mcgonigle

Faculty Publications

Hydrogen produced during water-rock serpentinization reactions can drive the synthesis of organic compounds both biotically and abiotically. We investigated abiotic carbon production and microbial metabolic pathways at the high energy but low diversity serpentinite-hosted Lost City hydrothermal field. Compound-specific 14C data demonstrates that formate is mantle-derived and abiotic in some locations and has an additional, seawater-derived component in others. Lipids produced by the dominant member of the archaeal community, the Lost City Methanosarcinales, largely lack 14C, but metagenomic evidence suggests they cannot use formate for methanogenesis. Instead, sulfate-reducing bacteria may be the primary consumers of formate in Lost City chimneys. …

Behavioral And Transcriptomic Analysis Of Trem2-Null Mice: Not All Knockout Mice Are Created Equal, Silvia S Kang, Aishe Kurti, Kelsey E Baker, Chia-Chen Liu, Marco Colonna, Jason D Ulrich, David M Holtzman, Guojun Bu, John D Fryer

2010-2019 OA Pubs

It is clear that innate immune system status is altered in numerous neurodegenerative diseases. Human genetic studies have demonstrated that triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) coding variants have a strong association with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. To more thoroughly understand the impact of TREM2 in vivo, we studied the behavioral and cognitive functions of wild-type (WT) and Trem2-/- (KO) mice during basal conditions and brain function in the context of innate immune stimulation with peripherally administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Early markers of neuroinflammation preceded Aif1 and Trem2 upregulation that occurred at later stages (24-48 h …

The Next Forty Presidents, Ori Aronson

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

A thought experiment in feminist constitutionalism, this Article explores a radical argument: allow only women to be elected as the next forty U.S. presidents. While on its face blatantly discriminatory, the forty female presidents rule turns out to be a robustly justifiable idea, along multiple axes of political fairness, and not to women alone—rather to the electorate as a whole. Due to several of its unique characteristics, the presidency turns out to be particularly fitting to innovation that would correct past injustices of political exclusion. Corrective justice, affirmative action, feminist critique, voter autonomy, and the democratic costs of identity politics …

Bringing Up Baby Under The Fmla: How The Federal Unpaid Maternity Leave System In The United States Will Not Carry To Term, Samantha Jean Quan Forsyth

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

This Note will examine current maternity leave laws both within the United States and internationally, and argues that there are major issues with the existing federal law in the United States that render such legislation ineffective. This Note will further argue that because paid maternity leave remains almost exclusively as a benefit employers can choose to provide, the federal government should not only adopt a paid maternity leave program, but also ensure that it is broader and more encompassing than current legislation.

Reliability Of Pulse Waveform Separation Analysis Responses To An Orthostatic Challenge, Lee Stoner, Keeron Stone, Erik D. Hanson, James Faulkner, Simon Fryer, Daniel Credeur

Faculty Publications

Cardiovascular autonomic nervous system function can be assessed using an orthostatic challenge to induce arterial wave reflection. While arterial reflection is typically estimated using a central augmentation index, a superior estimation can be obtained using pulse wave separation analysis to estimate the aortic backward pressure wave (Pb). However, to be of value in a clinical or research setting, an assessment tool must be precise (reliable). Therefore, this study sought to determine the measurement precision of Pb responses to a modified tilt-table test. Twenty healthy adults (26.4 year (SD 5.2), 24.7kg/m² (SD 3.8), 55% female) were tested in a fasted …

Vaccine Licensure In The Public Interest: Lessons From The Development Of The U.S. Army Zika Vaccine, Ana Santos Rutschman

All Faculty Scholarship

Vaccines developed by the public sector are key to preventing future outbreaks of infectious diseases. However, the licensure of these vaccines to private-sector companies under terms that do not ensure both their availability and affordability compromises their development. This Essay analyzes the recent attempted licensing deal for a Zika vaccine between the U.S. Army and Sanofi, a French pharmaceutical company. The proposed grant of an exclusive license to Sanofi triggered widespread concern because none of its substantive terms were disclosed. While § 209 of the Patent Act imposes limitations on exclusive licensure, the Army released no information supporting its finding …

Determining Bioindicators For Coastal Tidal Marsh Health Using The Food Web Of Larvae Of The Greenhead Horse Fly (Tabanus Nigrovittatus), Devika Rajeev Bhalerao

LSU Master's Theses

The greenhead horse fly Tabanus nigrovittatus Macquart is native to coastal marshlands from Texas to Nova Scotia. The larvae are apex invertebrate predators and their development is dependent on the food web in the soil. Surveillance of T. nigrovittatus after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico showed population crashes of adults in the coastal marshes of East Louisiana near places where oil made landfall, but not in West Louisiana where the oil did not reach. Sediment collection in 2011 from West and East Louisiana revealed larval population crashes in the Eastern coastal region. We hypothesized …

Application Of Fluorescence-Guided Surgery To Subsurface Cancers Requiring Wide Local Excision: Literature Review And Novel Developments Toward Indirect Visualization., Kimberly S. Samkoe, Brent D. Bates, Jonathan T. Elliott, Ethan Larochelle, Jason R. Gunn, Kayla Marra, Joachim Feldwisch, Dipak B. Ramkumar, David F. Bauer, Keith D. Paulsen, Brian W. Pogue, Eric R. Henderson

Dartmouth Scholarship

The excision of tumors by wide local excision is challenging because the mass must be removed entirely without ever viewing it directly. Positive margin rates in sarcoma resection remain in the range of 20% to 35% and are associated with increased recurrence and decreased survival. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) may improve surgical accuracy and has been utilized in other surgical specialties. ABY-029, an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor Affibody molecule covalently bound to the near-infrared fluorophore IRDye 800CW, is an excellent candidate for future FGS applications in sarcoma resection; however, conventional methods with direct surface tumor visualization are not immediately applicable. A …

Analysis For Science Librarians Of The 2017 Nobel Prize In Physiology Or Medicine: The Life And Work Of Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, And Michael W. Young, Neyda V. Gilman

Library Scholarship

Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young are the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Laureates, having earned the award for their “discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm.” They identified the genes involved in the circadian rhythm mechanism and explained how all of the different pieces of the mechanism work together. These discoveries explain how the biological cycles of Earth’s organisms correspond to the rotation of the planet, acting as an inner clock. Their research also provides further opportunities to continue learning about the role of circadian rhythm and its relationship to human health (Nobelprize.org …

Transspinal Direct Current Stimulation Produces Persistent Plasticity In Human Motor Pathways, Lynda M. Murray, Behdad Tahayori, Maria Knikou

Publications and Research

The spinal cord is an integration center for descending, ascending, and segmental neural signals. Noninvasive transspinal stimulation may thus constitute an effective method for concomitant modulation of local and distal neural circuits. In this study, we established changes in cortical excitability and input/output function of corticospinal and spinal neural circuits before, at 0–15 and at 30–45 minutes after cathodal, anodal, and sham transspinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) to the thoracic region in healthy individuals. We found that intracortical inhibition was different among stimulation polarities, however remained unchanged over time. Intracortical facilitation increased after cathodal and anodal tsDCS delivered with subjects …

Shh, Don't Speak: The Act Of Overcoming Silencing And Empowering Acts Of Education, James Coda, Margaret Robbins

The Qualitative Report

Silencing appears in various avenues – classroom interactions amongst the teacher and student, hospital situations, gender/sexual identities, bullying, mental health struggles, and other forms, thus relegating individuals to the margins. This paper utilizes queer theory and critical race feminism to examine how dis(abilities) are positioned in relation to normative societal structures. Through the methodological approaches of autoethnography and narrative inquiry, we examine our stories of marginalization and silencing that have occurred in various facets of our lives. For the field of education, these stories can provide a means for other educators to invoke self-reflection on classroom practice as a way …

Suspended Solids Moderate The Degradation And Sorption Of Waste Water-Derived Pharmaceuticals In Estuarine Waters., Y Aminot, L Fuster, P Pardon, K Le Menach, H Budzinski

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

This study focuses on the fate of pharmaceuticals discharged into an estuarine environment, particularly into the Turbidity Maximum Zone (TMZ). Batch experiments were set up to investigate the factors regulating the degradation of 53 selected pharmaceuticals. Treated effluents from Bordeaux city (France) were mixed with water from the estuarine Garonne River during 4weeks under 6 characterized conditions in order to assess the influence of suspended particulates, sterilization, untreated wastewater input and dilution on the degradation kinetics. Of the 53 pharmaceuticals monitored, 43 were quantified at the initial time. Only 7 exhibited a persistent behavior (e.g. carbamazepine, meprobamate) while biotic degradation …

Utilization Of Library Resources By Lecturers In University Of Cape Coast, Kwaku Anhwere Barfi Mr., Paulina Afful-Arthur Mrs, Emmanuel Manu Agyapong Mr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This research work was designed to examine the utilization of library resources by lecturers in University of Cape Coast. The objective of the study was to find out the level of availability of library materials in the university, and determine the extent of use of the materials by lecturers. It is also to find out factors that impede lecturer’s use of the library and make recommendations for improvement. A descriptive survey was used for the study. In all, 200 lecturers were selected for the study. The lecturers were selected using random sampling. Statistical tools used for the analysis were frequency …

Mathematical Modeling Of Nanoparticle Biodistribution, Prashant Dogra

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

The prospects of nanoparticle-based drug delivery and imaging have been hindered by insufficient understanding of the effects of nanoparticle physicochemical properties on their in vivo disposition. Here, we present an integrative mathematical modeling and in vivo imaging approach to quantify the relationship between nanoparticle physicochemical properties, namely, size, surface charge, and surface chemistry, on their in vivo disposition kinetics in healthy rats. We developed simple master equations in closed-form to accurately represent the time-dependent concentration of nanoparticles in different regions of the body and obtain functional relationships for predictive purpose to support rational design of nanomedicine. We further used …

Modeling Mayfly Nymph Length Distribution And Population Dynamics Across A Gradient Of Stream Temperatures And Stream Types, Jeremy Anthony, Jennifer Baccam, Imanuel Bier, Emily Gregg, Leif Halverson, Ryan Mulcahy, Emmanuel Okanla, Samira A. Osman, Adam R. Pancoast, Kevin C. Schultz, Alex Sushko, Jennifer Vorarath, Yia Vue, Austin Wagner, Emily Gaenzle Schilling, John M. Zobitz

Spora: A Journal of Biomathematics

We analyze a process-based temperature model for the length distribution and population over time of mayfly nymphs. Model parameters are estimated using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo parameter estimation method utilizing length distribution data at five different stream sites. Two different models (a standard exponential model and a modified Weibull model) of mayfly mortality are evaluated, where in both cases mayfly length growth is a function of stream temperature. Based on model-data comparisons to the modeled length distribution and the Bayesian Information Criterion, we found that approaches that length distribution data can reliably estimate 2–3 model parameters. Future model development …

Showalter Popescu Allan Receive Ohio University Research Committee Funding, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

All Forum Articles

No abstract provided.

Seasonal Presence And Potential Influence Of Humpback Whales On Wintering Pacific Herring Populations In The Gulf Of Alaska, Janice M. Straley, John M. Moran, Kevin M. Boswell, Johanna J. Vollenweider, Ron A. Heintz, Terrance J. Quinn Ii, Brianna Harmony Witteveen, Stanley D. Rice, J. R. Moran

Faculty, Staff, and Students

This study addressed the lack of recovery of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) in Prince William Sound, Alaska, in relation to humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) predation. As humpback whales rebound from commercial whaling, their ability to influence their prey through top-down forcing increases. We compared the potential influence of foraging humpback whales on three herring populations in the coastal Gulf of Alaska: Prince William Sound, Lynn Canal, and Sitka Sound (133–147°W; 57–61°N) from 2007 to 2009. Information on whale distribution, abundance, diet and the availability of herring as potential prey were used to correlate populations of overwintering herring and humpback whales. …

What Are The Characteristics Of Vitamin D Metabolism In Opioid Dependence? An Exploratory Longitudinal Study In Australian Primary Care, Albert Stuart Reece, Gary Hulse

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

OBJECTIVE: Compare vitamin D levels in opioid dependence and control population and adjust for relevant confounding effects. Nuclear hormone receptors (including the vitamin D receptor) have been shown to be key transducers and regulators of intracellular metabolism and comprise an important site of pathophysiological immune and metabolic dysregulation potentially contributing towards pro-ageing changes observed in opioid-dependent patients (ODPs).

DESIGN: Longitudinal prospective comparing ODPs with general medical controls (GMCs).

SETTING: Primary care.

PARTICIPANTS: Prospective review comparing 1168 ODP (72.5% men) and 415 GMC (51.6% men, p

INTERVENTIONS: Nil. Observational study only.

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Serum vitamin D levels and relevant …

Winter Convocation 2018, Kent Syverud

Chancellor's Collection

No abstract provided.

Correlation Of Structure, Function And Protein Dynamics In Gh7 Cellobiohydrolases From Trichoderma Atroviride, T. Reesei And T. Harzianum, Anna S. Borisova, Elena V. Eneyskaya, Suvamay Jana, Silke F. Badino, Jeppe Kari, Antonella Amore, Magnus Karlsson, Henrik Hansson, Mats Sandgren, Michael E. Himmel, Peter Westh, Christina M. Payne, Anna A. Kulminskaya, Jerry Ståhlberg

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Background: The ascomycete fungus Trichoderma reesei is the predominant source of enzymes for industrial conversion of lignocellulose. Its glycoside hydrolase family 7 cellobiohydrolase (GH7 CBH) TreCel7A constitutes nearly half of the enzyme cocktail by weight and is the major workhorse in the cellulose hydrolysis process. The orthologs from Trichoderma atroviride (TatCel7A) and Trichoderma harzianum (ThaCel7A) show high sequence identity with TreCel7A, ~ 80%, and represent naturally evolved combinations of cellulose-binding tunnel-enclosing loop motifs, which have been suggested to influence intrinsic cellobiohydrolase properties, such as endo-initiation, processivity, and off-rate.

Results: The TatCel7A, ThaCel7A, …

Comparative Response Of The Hepatic Transcriptomes Of Domesticated And Wild Turkey To Aflatoxin B1, Kent M. Reed, Kristelle M. Mendoza, Juan E. Abrahante, Roger A. Coulombe

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

The food-borne mycotoxin aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) poses a significant risk to poultry, which are highly susceptible to its hepatotoxic effects. Domesticated turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are especially sensitive, whereas wild turkeys (M.g. silvestris) are more resistant. AFB₁ toxicity entails bioactivation by hepatic cytochrome P450s to the electrophilic exo-AFB₁-8,9-epoxide (AFBO). Domesticated turkeys lack functional hepatic GST-mediated detoxification of AFBO, and this is largely responsible for the differences in resistance between turkey types. This study was designed to characterize transcriptional changes induced in turkey livers by AFB₁ , and to contrast the …

Neurodegenerative Disease Biomarkers Aβ1–40, Aβ1–42, Tau, And P-Tau181 In The Vervet Monkey Cerebrospinal Fluid: Relation To Normal Aging, Genetic Influences, And Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Jason A. Chen, Scott C. Fears, Anna J. Jasinska, Alden Huang, Noor B. Al-Sharif, Kevin E. Scheibel, Thomas D. Dyer, Anne M. Fagan, John Blangero, M. J. Jorgensen, J. R. Kaplan, N. B. Freimer, Giovanni Coppol

School of Medicine Publications

Background: The Caribbean vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) is a potentially valuable animal model of neurodegenerative disease. However, the trajectory of aging in vervets and its relationship to human disease is incompletely understood.

Methods: To characterize biomarkers associated with neurodegeneration, we measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, total tau, and p-tau181 in 329 members of a multigenerational pedigree. Linkage and genome-wide association were used to elucidate a genetic contribution to these traits.

Results: Aβ1-40 concentrations were significantly correlated with age, brain total surface area, and gray matter thickness. Levels of p-tau181 were associated with cerebral volume …

A Method For Making Customized, Thick Labels For Microscope Slides., David J. Voegtlin

The Great Lakes Entomologist

This paper describes a technique for creating customized, thick (= 1 mm) slide labels, and fastening them permanently to slides so they can be stored vertically by stacking or horizontally like cards in a file without putting pres­sure on the coverslip. After 20 years, thick labels created by this technique have shown no sign of degradation; labels fastened to slides with silicone caulking have remained securely attached. A storage system, using insect drawer sized trays that hold large numbers of thick labelled slides, is shown. The use of thick labels and such a storage system simplifies the curation of large …

New Canadian Records Of Asilidae (Diptera) From An Endangered Ontario Ecosystem, Jeffrey H. Skevington

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The Asilidae (Diptera) of Bosanquet (northern Lambton County, Ontario) are surveyed. Forty-one species are recorded. Twelve species are published for the first time from Canada: Atomosia puella, Cerotainia albipilosa, Cerotainia macrocera, Holcocephala calva, Holopogon (Holopogon) oriens, Laphria canis, Laphria divisor, Laphria grossa, Lasiopogon opaculus, Machimus notatus, Machimus sadyates, and Neomochtherus auricomus. These species plus the following four are new to Ontario: Laphystia flavipes, Lasiopogon tetragrammus, Machimus novaescotiae, and Proctacanthella ca­copiloga.

Survival And Growth Of Two Hydraecia Species (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) On Eight Midwest Grass Species, Bruce L. Giebink, J. Mark Scriber, John Wedberg

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Grasses play a critical role in the life cycles of both the hop vine borer (Hydraecia immanis) and potato stem borer (H. micacea), two potentially se­rious agriculture pests. Neonate larvae of both species (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) were reared on eight selected grasses and corn for 14-18 days under greenhouse conditions to determine their survival and growth. These were quackgrass (Agropyron repens), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli), giant foxtail (Seteria faberii), wild prosso millet (Panicum millaceum), Johnsongrass ( …