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Gmos, International Law And Indigenous Peoples, Casandia Bellevue

Pace International Law Review

This Article sprung from a desire to discover why—despite scientific uncertainty and the oft-cited precautionary principle in international law—genetically modified organisms are still allowed to spread via international trade and natural ecological cycles. While exploring this topic, it did not take long to come across the environmental justice impacts of genetically modified crops, and their particularly disparate impact upon indigenous peoples across the globe. Not only are GMOs threatening biodiversity and our planet, but also the very existence and cultural foundations of many indigenous groups.

This Article seeks to answer the following questions: What are the international agreements that can …

Distribution Of Strongylium Crenatum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) In The United States And First Record From Iowa, Edwin L. Freese

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Strongylium crenatum Mäklin (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is reported from Iowa for the first time. After discovering that Iowa represented a large range extension for this species, label data were collected to update its range. Numerous insect collections and references were checked and specimens representing 17 states were located.

Notes On The Biology Of Saperda Imitans Infesting Wind-Damaged Black Cherry In Allegheny Hardwood Stands, Marc F. Digirolomo, Douglas C. Allen, Stephen V. Stehman

The Great Lakes Entomologist

This paper reports observations made on the life history and biology of Saperda imitans Felt & Joutel in black cherry, Prunus serotina Ehrh. S. imitans was the principle longhorned beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) reared from bolts collected from 68 wind-thrown black cherry at the Kane Experimental Forest in northwestern Pennsylvania. It was also the only species that overwintered in the sapwood/outer heartwood, and thus impacted the commercial value of these trees. Gaurotes cyanipennis (Say) was the only other cerambycid reared from caged bolts taken from wind-thrown black cherry. The cerambycids Stenocorus vittiger (Randall), Arthophylax attenuatus (Haldman), G. cyanipennis, Neoclytus acuminatus acuminatus …

A Synopsis Of The Coreoidea (Heteroptera) Of Michigan, D. R. Swanson

The Great Lakes Entomologist

An overview of the species of Coreoidea (Alydidae, Coreidae, and Rhopalidae) found in Michigan is presented, along with identification keys, distribution maps, and relevant literature. New state records for Alydus pilosulus Herrich-Schaeffer (Alydidae: Alydinae), Merocoris distinctus Dallas (Coreidae: Meropachyinae), Leptoglossus corculus (Say) (Coreidae: Coreinae), Leptoglossus oppositus (Say) (Coreidae: Coreinae), and Liorhyssus hyalinus (Fabricius) (Rhopalidae: Rhopalinae) are included.

Bark Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Community Structure In Northeastern And Central Minnesota, Jesse A. Pfammatter, David R. Coyle, Ann M. Journey, Tiffany L. Pahs, John C. Luhman, Valerie J. Cervenka, Robert L. Koch

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Large-scale surveys of forest insects provide two distinct benefits: the detection of invasive and exotic species that cause millions of dollars of damage annually to forest and ornamental industries, and the addition of a wealth of species distribution and diversity information to the scientific community. We intensively surveyed the Northeast and East-central regions of Minnesota from 2006-2008 for invasive/exotic and native Scolytinae using Lindgren funnel traps baited with one of four lures (a/β-pinene, ultra-high-release ethanol [EtOH], EtOH+a-pinene, and Ips 3-part). We captured 16,841 scolytines (representing 25 genera) of which over 40% were Ips pini (Say) and Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff). We …

Case-Building Behavior, Persistence, And Emergence Success Of Pycnopsyche Guttifer (Walker) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) In Laboratory And In Situ Environments: Potential Trade-Offs Of Material Preference, David C. Houghton, Sarah E. Rogers, Kate Hocquard, Charlotte I. Wolfe

The Great Lakes Entomologist

When removed from their cases in a non-flow laboratory environment, 5th instar Pycnopsyche guttifer (Walker) larvae were always successful in constructing a new case within 24 h when woody debris was present as a material choice. Most were successful within 1 h. Larvae were never successful at case building in the absence of wood in a non-flow environment. These laboratory-constructed ‘emergency cases’ were flimsy, lacking in shape, and larger than field cases. Laboratory case size, shape, and material preference remained constant after repeated daily evacuations over a series of 10 days. Larvae could be induced to construct a case composed …

An Annotated Checklist Of Scarab Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) From Northeastern Iowa, Reese J. Worthington, Kirk J. Larsen

The Great Lakes Entomologist

A survey of scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) was conducted during 2009 in the geographically distinct area of Winneshiek and Allamakee counties in extreme Northeast Iowa. Four plant communities distributed among 10 locations, including tallgrass prairie, mixed grassland and forest, oak-hickory forest, and pasture were sampled during 2009 using black light traps, banana- beer traps, rodent burrow pitfalls, manure-baited pitfalls, and gleaning. Additionally, previous specimen records were examined. Forty-nine scarab species were documented for Winneshiek and Allamakee counties, including five species not previously reported in Iowa. Mixed grassland and forest habitat contained the greatest scarab species richness (n=31); black light trapping …

Estimation Of Sorting Time For Arthropod Samples Collected With Tullgren Funnels, Ernest C. Bernard, Pennie J. Long

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Arthropods were sorted from samples obtained with Tullgren funnels. Each sorter maintained a log of time per session and arthropods removed per session. Five individuals removed all arthropods from 12 separate samples and sorted them into previously designated class or ordinal taxa. Each sample was sorted by a single student. Students were allowed to develop their own approaches to sorting and do it as time permitted. Mean sorting rate per sample was 2.43 arthropods per minute, with a range of 1.42-5.64, while mean sorting rate for a sorting session was 3.41 specimens per minute. Specimen density was only weakly correlated …

Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Of The Kitty Todd Preserve, Lucas County, Ohio, Mike Arduser

The Great Lakes Entomologist

A survey of the bees occurring on the The Nature Conservancy’s Kitty Todd Preserve in the Oak Openings region of Lucas County Ohio was conducted in 2002-2004, using hand-netting techniques. Collecting effort totaled 24.5 hours spread over 11 different days in the three years. All sampling was done in natural communities. One hundred twenty-four species of bees were identified from fifty-one species of flowering plants, including several bee species poorly known or infrequently collected. Comments are provided about the faunistics, bee-plant relationships, oligolecty, management, and natural community dependency of the bees found on the Kitty Todd Preserve.

Habitat Associations Of Macro-Staphylinids (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) At Alice L. Kibbe Life Science Station, Hancock County, Illinois, Kenneth W. Mccravy, Jason E. Willand

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Habitat associations of size-selected (≥ 5 mm length) rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), hereafter referred to as “macro-staphylinids,” were studied in west-central Illinois forest and prairie habitats in 2005 using pitfall traps. Habitats sampled included oak-hickory forest last burned in spring 2004, oak-hickory forest burned in spring 2005, oak-hickory forest unburned for 5+ years, unburned early successional forest, reconstructed prairie last burned in spring 2004, and reconstructed prairie burned in spring 2005. A total of 361 macrostaphylinids, representing 12 species, were collected, with Philonthus caerulipennis (Mannerheim), Platydracus maculosus (Gravenhorst), Platydracus fossator Gravenhorst, Platydracus zonatus (Gravenhorst), and Tachinus fimbriatus Gravenhorst comprising 94% …

Grass Hosts Of Cereal Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Between Wheat-Cropping Cycles In South Dakota, Louis S. Hesler, Kurt J. Dagel

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Several grasses may serve as alternative hosts for cereal aphids during the interim between small-grain crops in South Dakota, but field studies to determine which grasses are important have not been undertaken. We sampled annual and perennial grasses for cereal aphids in 18 counties in South Dakota in the month of August over three years. Eighty-five of 240 site samples had one or more species of cereal aphids, including 61 of 65 corn sites and 12 of 13 sorghum and sudangrass sites. Four species of cereal aphids were found during the survey: corn leaf aphid, 74 times; bird cherry-oat aphid, …

Status Of Zygiella And Parazygiella (Araneae: Araneidae) In The Great Lakes States, Michael L. Draney

The Great Lakes Entomologist

A confusing nomenclatural history has resulted in the persistence of the idea that Parazygiella montana (C. L. Koch, 1834), a Palearctic species of orbweaver (Araneae: Araneidae), occurs in the Great Lakes states. I discuss this nomenclatural history and report upon all available material from the Great Lakes states to show that P. montana has never been recorded from the region, and that all previous records of Zygiella/Zilla montana refer to a native species, Zygiella nearctica Gertsch, 1964. Although Z. nearctica has been collected from mainland Michigan and Wisconsin historically, all post 1960 records of this species are from islands in …

Polistes Dominula (Christ) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) Recorded From Nebraska, Louis S. Hesler

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Polistes dominula (Christ), a Palearctic paper wasp that has established in various areas of North America, is reported for the first time from the state of Nebraska based on specimens from the city of Lincoln. Potential implications of its presence in Nebraska are discussed.

New State Distribution And Host Records Of North American Buprestidae (Coleoptera), Jason A. Hansen, Toby R. Petrice, Robert A. Haack

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The following new state records are reported for buprestid species in the eastern United States: Agrilus egeniformis Champlain and Knull and Polyceta elata LeConte from Georgia, Agrilus defectus LeConte and Agrilus vittaticollis (Randall) from Minnesota and Agrilus paramasculinus Champlain and Knull from Michigan and Indiana. Chrysobothris shawnee Wellso and Manley and Chrysobothris rugosiceps Melsheimer are reported from red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and English oak (Quercus robur L.) for the first time, after being reared from naturally infested host material collected in Michigan, USA.

Populations Of Pear Thrips, Taeniothrips Inconsequens (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) In Sugar Maple Stands In Vermont: 1989-2005, B. L. Parker, M. Skinner, D. Tobi, J. S. Kim, H. B. Teillon

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Development of an effective IPM strategy for pear thrips, Taeniothrips inconsequens (Uzel) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a pest of sugar maple, Acer saccharum Marshall, demands an understanding of their population fluctuations over time. Pear thrips populations were monitored using a standardized soil sampling method every fall from 1989 – 2005 in 14 counties of Vermont (U.S.). Data from individual sites were combined into north, central and south regions. High numbers of thrips emerged from soil sampled in 1989, 1990, 1993 and 2001, particularly in the north region (Washington, Lamoille, and Franklin counties). The central and south regions had lower pear thrips populations …

Field Persistence Of Steinernema Carpocapsa Weiser (Ny001), Steinernema Feltiae Filipjev (Valko) And Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora Poinar (Oswego) In Alfalfa Fields, Gabor Neumann, Elson J. Shields

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The long term field persistence of Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, strain NY001, S. feltiae Filipjev, strain Valko and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, strain Oswego was investigated in an alfalfa field infested by the alfalfa snout beetle, Otiorhynchus ligustici L. Nematodes were applied in single-species, two-species and three-species combinations at a total of 2.5 × 109 infective juveniles per hectare. Soil samples were taken approximately every two weeks from mid/late May to late October in 2004 and 2005. Two soil samplings were conducted in 2006 at the end of May and in early July. All nematodes persisted in the field at the time …

Revisiting The Mound-Building Ant, Lasius Claviger, In A Reconstructed Tallgrass Prairie, Chris E. Petersen, Christine Berta, Dwight T. Johnson, Barbara A. Petersen

The Great Lakes Entomologist

A tallgrass prairie located in northeastern Illinois was revisited to update relationships in a 2002 study between the presence of mounds of Lasius claviger (Formicidae) and characteristics of the soil and prairie flora. Reconstruction of the 7.1 ha site began 26 years ago. As in 2002, mounds of L. claviger did not appear to be affecting soil temperature, but were associated with higher floral richness and differences in soil moisture at 10 cm depth as compared to control sites having the same major grass type. In addition, soil organic content and above-ground plant biomass were significantly higher where mounds were …

Effects Of Low Temperature Storage On Fecundity And Adult Mortality For The Alfalfa Snout Beetle, Otiorhynchus Ligustici (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Elson J. Shields, Antonio M. Testa

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The alfalfa snout beetle, Otiorhynchus ligustici L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was introduced into the United States from Europe via wooden sailing ships carrying soil as ballast, was first reported in New York State in 1896 at the Port of Oswego and was first recorded as a pest of alfalfa when alfalfa was introduced into the area in the area. In subsequent years, this flightless and partheno- genetic insect has spread to nine Northern New York counties, infested over 200,000 hectares of cropland and has become the most serious pest of alfalfa in northern New York State. Research requires the availability of …

Analysis Of The Caddisflies (Trichoptera) Of The Manistee River Watershed, Michigan, David C. Houghton, Constance M. Brandin, Kelsey A. Brakel

The Great Lakes Entomologist

We document 134 caddisfly species and their seasonal and habitat affinities based on 93 samples collected from 26 sites throughout the Manistee River watershed in the lower peninsula of Michigan from May through September, 2010. Eleven of these species: Banksiola dossuaria (Say), Cheumatopsyche aphanta Ross, Cheumatopsyche pasella Ross, Hydroptila xera Ross, Ironoquia lyrata (Ross), Lepidostoma vernale (Banks), Neotrichia vibrans Ross, Nyctiophylax affinis (Banks), Oxyethira aeola Ross, Oxyethira rivicola Blickle and Morse, and Polycentropus timesis (Denning) are reported from Michigan for the first time. More than 85% of species reached peak adult abundance during June or July, although a few species …

Description Of A New Species Of Atanycolus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) From Michigan Reared From The Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus Planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Agrilinae), Paul M. Marsh, John S. Strazanac, Stephanie Y. Laurusonis

The Great Lakes Entomologist

A new species of Braconidae, Atanycolus cappaerti Marsh and Strazanac, is described from Michigan where it has been reared from emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), galleries in ash (Fraxi- nus spp.). Molecular evidence (analysis of fragments of the mitochondrial genes COI and 16S and the nuclear genes wingless and elongation factor 1-alpha) is presented to support the distinction of this new species from A. hicoriae Shenefelt that has been documented as a parasitoid of several ash borers.

Ectoparasites Of The Evening Bat (Nycticeius Humeralis) From Michigan, Christopher M. Ritzi, Olivia M. Munzer

The Great Lakes Entomologist

(excerpt)

Previous records for bat ectoparasites in Michigan were reported in Dood and Kurta (1982, 1988), and included most of the bat species known to occur in Michigan. This supplement adds the ectoparasites of the evening bat, Nycticeius humeralis (Rafinesque) (Chiroptera: Vespertillionidae), which was not known to occur as a resident in Michigan at that time.

A New Species Of Aphis In Minnesota (Hemiptera: Aphididae) On Narrow-Leaved Purple Coneflower, Echinacea Angustifolia, D. M. Lagos, D. J. Voegtlin

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Aphis echinaceae, n. sp. is described from specimens collected in Douglas County, Minnesota, on Echinacea angustifolia (DC.). The aphid is illustrated with biometric data for alate and apterous vivipara. Its short cauda and siphunculi, and presence of secondary sensoria on antennal segments III, IV, and V in both morphs makes this Aphis morphologically similar to A. debilicornis (Gillette and Palmer), A. lugentis Williams and A. caliginosa Hottes and Frison, and root feeding aphids of the subgenus Pseudoprotaphis Kadyrbekov and genus Protaphis Börner. A diagnosis is provided.

A New Species Of Euryurus From Southern Alabama And Remarks On The Status Of Illiniurus Beattyi Shear (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Euryuridae)., Michael C. Jorgensen

The Great Lakes Entomologist

A new species of polydesmidan millipede of the family Euryuridae, Euryurus lecythanoictes, is described. Another millipede of Euryuridae, Illiniurus beattyi Shear, is considered to be an aberrant specimen and therefore not a true species. The family taxonomic history of Euryuridae is briefly covered with a discussion of gonopod anatomy.

Demonstration Of Sex Pheromones In Molanna Uniophila (Trichoptera: Molannidae), Platycentropus Radiatus, Pycnopsyche Indiana, And P. Subfasciata (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae), With An Assessment Of Interspecific Attraction Between Four Sympatric Pycnopsyche Species, David C. Houghton, Christine Lux, Megan Spahr

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Evidence for sex pheromones in the caddisflies Molanna uniophila Vorhies, Platycentropus radiatus (Say), Pycnopsyche indiana (Ross), and P. subfasciata (Say) is presented here for the first time based on field studies conducted in southern Michigan. For all species, numbers of males caught in pheromone traps baited with conspecific female extracts were higher than those caught in traps with male extracts, or those without extract. Four sympatric species of Pycnopsyche: P. guttifer (Walker), P. indiana, P. lepida (Hagen), and P. subfasciata exhibited no interspecific pheromonal attraction despite a common mating season and, in the case of P. indiana and P. lepida …

Effects Of Visual Silhouette, Leaf Size And Host Species On Feeding Preference By Adult Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus Planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), Deepa S. Pureswaran, Therese M. Poland

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is an invasive species recently established in North America. In large arena bioassays, when given a choice among live green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh and artificial ash saplings that were hidden or exposed from view, beetles preferred live trees (either visible or hidden) compared to artificial trees that had similar visual silhouettes, confirming that olfactory cues are used to locate hosts. Examination of the effect of leaf size revealed that large leaves attracted more beetles than medium-sized leaves that in turn attracted more beetles than small leaves of the same age. …

The Alien Hippodamia Variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Quickly Establishes Itself Throughout Wisconsin, Andrew H. Williams, Daniel K. Young

The Great Lakes Entomologist

(excerpt)

Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a Palaearctic species that was first reported to be established in the Nearctic near Montreal, Quebec, in 1984 (Gordon 1987). Since then, this small beetle has been expanding its range in North America, a process summarized by Gardiner and Parsons (2005). It was first reported from Michigan in 2005 (Gardiner and Parsons 2005) and from Ohio in 2007 (Pavuk et al. 2007).

First Report Of The European Oak Borer, Agrilus Sulcicollis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), In The United States, Robert A. Haack, Toby R. Petrice, James E. Zablotny

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Agrilus sulcicollis Lacordaire was first reported in North America from (Quercus rubra L.), on sticky traps, and also found in insect collections that dated from 1995. After hearing of this discovery in Ontario, unidentified Agrilus specimens that had been collected in Michigan during recent field studies of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, were examined. As a result, A. sulcicollis specimens were identified that had been collected in four Michigan counties during 2003 to 2008: Ingham, Oakland, Saint Clair, and Washtenaw. All Michigan specimens had been collected from sticky traps or reared from English oak, Q. robur L. …

Revision Of The Mesobuthus Caucasicus Complex From Central Asia, With Descriptions Of Six New Species (Scorpiones: Buthidae), Victor Fet, František Kovařík, Benjamin Gantenbein, Ronald C. Kaiser, Alexander K. Stewart, Matthew R. Graham

Euscorpius

A widespread Mesobuthus caucasicus complex, which includes some of the most common scorpions found from the Caucasus to China, is revised for the first time based on new extensive collections from Central Asia, using both morphological and DNA marker data. Mesobuthus caucasicus (Nordmann, 1840), s.str. is restricted to the Caucasus Mts. Four taxa are elevated to species rank: M. fuscus (Birula, 1897) (Tajikistan), M. intermedius (Birula, 1897) (Tajikistan), M. kaznakovi (Birula, 1904) (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan), and M. parthorum (Pocock, 1889) (Afghanistan, Iran, Turkmenistan). Six new species are described: M. brutus sp. n. (Iran), M. elenae sp. n. (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan), M. gorelovi …

Jaminan Halal Pada Produk Obat: Kajian Fatwa Mui Dan Penyerapannya Dalam Uu Jaminan Produk Halal, Asrorun Ni'am Sholeh

Journal of Islamic Law Studies

No abstract provided.

Peranan Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal Dalam Menjamin Kehalalan Makanan Dan Minuman, Muhammad Hamdan Rasyid

Journal of Islamic Law Studies

No abstract provided.