Digital Commons Network^™

The Impact Of Black Lives Matter Movement Publicity On Juror Decision Making, Emily R. Nerness

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Others have investigated separately whether general pretrial publicity (PTP) or racial salience have an impact on juror decision making, but no one has explored a potential connection between the two. With information about the Black lives matter (BLM) movement recurring in the media, the question arises of whether news about the BLM movement can increase racial salience, thereby influencing juror decision making. The present research addressed whether 1) exposing participants to pro-BLM or negative-BLM news articles would influence verdicts and guilt ratings when compared to a control group, 2) whether this PTP effect would be different for Black versus White …

Integrated Compressive Sensing And Feature Descriptors- A Framework For Facial Recognition Systems, Ali Kadhem Jaber

Dissertations

Facial recognition is still a challenge in many applications, particularly in surveillance, security systems, and human-computer interactive (HCI) tools. The impact of real-world environmental variations on the performance of any facial recognition system can be significant. These variations may include illumination, facial expressions, poses, disguises (facial hair, glasses or cosmetics) and partial face occlusion. Furthermore, the number of images (samples) needed for facial recognition systems can be very large, much larger than what is typically required by an algorithm, and this is often made worse with expansion of the feature space dimensionality. Truly, the “curse of dimensionality” haunts any real-time …

Risk Assessment Of Maritime Supply Chain Security In Ports And Waterways, S Roh, J Tam, Sw Lee, Yj Seo

Plymouth Business School

Seaports and waterways are crucial for international trade, and damage to them may cost millions to the global economy. In the past, Malaysia has been threatened and attacked by terrorists, and pirates have hijacked ships near the coasts of the Strait of Malacca and the South China Sea. Such acts can negatively affect the country's maritime supply chain. This paper analyses the risk to Malaysia's maritime supply chain security in ports and waterways by applying a risk assessment matrix. The findings show that Malaysian ports are vulnerable to attacks and crime due to various factors. Also, Malaysia's waterways may always …

Juries In U.S. Patent Cases: A Comparative Portrait Of The Boundaries Of Democracy, M. Neil Browne, Nancy K. Kubasek, Alex Q. Jacobs

North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology

“It is clear that juries will necessarily differ in ‘competence,’ but it is at best incongruous to suggest that a society that sends its citizens routinely into space could never produce a jury competent to determine a case some judge might consider too ‘complex’ for people with ‘common experience’ to decide.”

La Crypto Nostra: How Organized Crime Thrives In The Era Of Cryptocurrency, Chelsea Pieroni

North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology

The advent of Bitcoin and other forms of cryptocurrency has left a permanent mark on the world as we know it, regardless of what percentage of the populace will ever touch or comprehend cryptocurrency in its lifetime. Thanks to the advent of blockchain technology, cryptocurrency has given rise to expedited international exchanges, increased protection of consumer identity, and secured methods for logging transactions. But cryptocurrency’s nebulous nature makes it inherently vulnerable to a slew of hacks, cyberattacks, and run-of-the-mill theft. Moreover, its indeterminate qualities make cryptocurrency incredibly difficult for federal law to wrangle. But, perhaps most chillingly, the rise of …

The Orwell Court: How The Supreme Court Recast History And Minimized The Role Of The U.S. Sentencing Guidelines To Justify Limiting The Impact Of Johnson V. United States, Brandon E. Beck

Buffalo Law Review

In recent years, federal criminal defendants have enjoyed great success in challenging “residual clauses” within the United States Code as unconstitutional. This began in 2015 when the United States Supreme Court, in Johnson v. United States,1 struck a portion of the Armed Career Criminal Act2 as void for vagueness. Johnson’s holding at first appeared monumental because it invalidated a provision commonly used to enhance the prison sentences of offenders with certain qualifying prior convictions. Subsequent developments, however, significantly dulled the impact of Johnson, thwarting the dramatic reduction in sentences it once foreshadowed.

This Article is about how Johnson came to …

A Leak In The Pipeline: College In Jail From The Participants’ Perspective, Kathy Mora

Student Theses

Offering college-level coursework to people in correctional facilities has proven to be a good investment in reducing recidivism and violence, however, how incarcerated students evaluate ‘prison to college pipeline’ programs, and how they access education after release is less understood. This study is a participant-observation approach with semi-structured surveys of a college class in Rikers Island that aims to answer the question: How do incarcerate students describe their experience with college in jail and their post-release plans to continue their education? This study uses 25 surveys of persons who participated in a college program in Rikers Island. A significant theme …

Remaining Silent In Indian Country: Self-Incrimination And Grants Of Immunity For Tribal Court Defendants, Philipp C. Kunze

Washington Law Review

A defendant in state and federal courts is entitled to a constitutional protection against self-incrimination. The Fifth Amendment establishes this privilege, which can only be overcome through a voluntary waiver or by the granting of an appropriate level of immunity. Those grants of immunity were made mutually binding on the state and federal governments in Kastigar v. United States and Murphy v. Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor. However, in Talton v. Mayes, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments do not limit the conduct of the more than 560 federally recognized Indian tribes …

Who Decides Justice: The Case For Legally Trained Magistrate Judges In West Virginia, Jason Neal

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

How The Criminal Justice System Can Contribute To Eliminating Inequities In Healthcare At Two Pivotal Times: While Incarcerated, And During Reentry Into The Community, Karen A. Buck

Education Doctoral

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore and understand, from the perspective of the jail administrator, the elements required for a comprehensive healthcare program for those incarcerated and during reentry into the community. Research confirms that a comprehensive, replicable healthcare model for services while incarcerated, and a reentry program that recognizes both the medical and social needs of the incarcerated are beneficial for the individual, and the community. In this qualitative descriptive study, the intention was to add to the body of knowledge; the elements required to provide comprehensive medical and social services while incarcerated and when transitioning …

Evaluation Of The Hiv Infant Tracking System (Hitsystem) To Optimise Quality And Efficiency Of Early Infant Diagnosis: A Cluster-Randomised Trial In Kenya., Sarah Finocchario-Kessler, Brad Gautney, Anlin Cheng, Catherine Wexler, May Maloba, Niaman Nazir, Samoel Khamadi, Raphael Lwembe, Melinda Brown, Thomas A. Odeny, Jacinda K. Dariotis, Matthew Sandbulte, Natabhona Mabachi, Kathy Goggin

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: The HIV Infant Tracking System (HITSystem) is a web-based intervention linking providers of early infant diagnosis, laboratory technicians, and mothers and infants to improve outcomes for HIV-exposed infants. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the HITSystem on key outcomes of early infant diagnosis.

METHODS: We did a cluster-randomised trial at six hospitals in Kenya, which were matched on geographic region, resource level, and volume of patients (high, medium, and low). We randomly allocated hospitals within a matched pair to either the HITSystem (intervention; n=3) or standard of care (control; n=3). A random number generator was used to assign …

Judge Consistency In Criminal Sentencing, Emma Lindemeier, Paul Landow

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

The United States’ Constitution provides certain protections for those accused of a crime, including proportionate punishment and the right to an attorney. There are sentencing guidelines in place, as well as appointed-counsel systems to ensure that everyone receives these protections when accused of a crime. Some research has shown that the type of counsel present at sentencing may affect the outcome of sentencing, although, the research on the topic is conflicting. Race is another variable that has been found to play into the role of sentencing, as well as gender and age. Other studies have suggested that the differences in …

Juries In U.S. Patient Cases: A Comparative Portrait Of The Boundaries Of Democracy, Neil M. Browne, Nancy K. Kubasek, Alex Q. Jacobs

Economics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Occupational Therapy: A Partner For Justice In Jesuit Higher Education, Rebecca M. Aldrich

Jesuit Higher Education: A Journal

The commitment to justice spans disciplines across Jesuit higher education, including the health sciences. At least 12 Jesuit colleges and universities offer occupational therapy programs, but the profession has been somewhat overlooked as a partner for justice on those campuses. Through a case example focusing on Saint Louis University’s Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (SLU-DOSOT), this article aims to illustrate the ways in which occupational therapy can be a partner in the promotion and pursuit of justice. A brief overview of the profession’s perspective on occupational justice precedes the description of SLU-DOSOT, and selected examples illustrate the range …

#Black Lives Matter? Analyzing The Effects Of Police-Caused Black Deaths On Media Coverage And Public Interest In The Movement, Francesca Bordonaro, Dale Willits

Journal of Criminal Justice and Law

Black Lives Matter is a social movement, created and maintained on social media networks; its formation was spurred in part by the number of Black men and women who have been killed by police officers in the United States. This research focuses on the relationship between police-caused deaths of Black men and women and media coverage of and public interest in Black Lives Matter. The primary goal of the research was to determine whether traditional news coverage of Black Lives Matter was linked to the killings of Black citizens by police. We found that Black citizen deaths did not result …

A Closer Look At The Eric Garner Incident: The New York Police Department Should Review Its Policy Instead Of Trying Its Police Officer, Andrew J. Costello

Journal of Criminal Justice and Law

After an examination of the death of Eric Garner, existing laws and current practices of the New York Police Department (NYPD) come into question. A step-by-step breakdown of the events after the death of Eric Garner explains the outcome of legal decisions of the criminal process against Police Officer Pantaleo made by the Richmond County District Attorney’s Office and the U.S. Attorney’s Office. An explanation and the likely outcome of the NYPD’s upcoming administrative trial are presented from an insider’s point of view. The author argues that the likely conviction of Officer Pantaleo on administrative charges, resulting in his termination, …

The Eric Garner Incident: Sentinel Calls For Greater Scholarly Support In Policymaking, Joe D. Mazza

Journal of Criminal Justice and Law

The Eric Garner incident serves as a sentinel event exposing weakness in our system of policing low-level offenses. The New York Police Department policy at the center of this encounter lacked a foundation of sound evidence. Administrative mandates forced officers to make a custodial arrest instead of releasing a low-level offender in the field. Combined, they created a condition ripe for tragic results. Custodial arrests should serve important public interests, but none are apparent here. This incident presents a call for greater scholarly partnerships with police and other stakeholders to provide studies with evidence on which better public policy can …

Measuring Disproportionate Treatment In Policing: One Department’S Experience, Heidi S. Bonner, Michele Stacey

Journal of Criminal Justice and Law

Detecting disparate impact in policing practice is essential, but those tasked with developing such inquiry face significant challenges in designing analyses. Racial profiling research has also been plagued by an inability to gain consensus regarding valid comparison groups – commonly termed the “denominator problem” in benchmarking analyses. The current inquiry details the process and outcome of using the disproportionality index (Dolan Consulting Group, 2016) to investigate several enforcement actions at a midsize department in the southeastern United States. The findings highlight the importance of combining the appropriate benchmark with the appropriate level of analysis, and the need for more scholarly …

Maine Sexual Assault Kit Study, Alison Grey, Erika Arthur, Viacheslav Tomenko, George Shaler Mph, Elisabeth Snell

Justice Policy

The Cutler Institute recently released the Maine Sexual Assault Kit (SAK) Study Report. This report was produced for the Maine Coalition Against Sexual Assault (MECASA). In 2018 MECASA contracted with researchers at the Cutler Institute, with funding in part from a grant from the Office on Violence Against Women STOP Violence Against Women Formula Grant Program, through the Maine Department of Public Safety.

Researchers employed a mixed-methods approach to gather comprehensive data about the current status of sexual assault kits in Maine; the challenges and successes of processing and storing kits in Maine; and nationally recognized best practices.

Findings from …

The Helper Therapy Principle: Using The Power Of Service To Save Addicts, Stefan J. Padfield, Maria E. Pagano

University of Memphis Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Helper Therapy Principle: Using The Power Of Service To Save Addicts, Stefan J. Padfield, Maria E. Pagano

University of Memphis Law Review

No abstract provided.

Front Matter

Hofstra Law Review

No abstract provided.

Forensic Nursing: Overview Of A Growing Profession, Julie L. Valentine

Faculty Publications

IN THE CURRENT ERA of the #MeToo movement and prominent sexual assault disclosures, these types of crimes are finally receiving the attention they deserve. Our society is acknowledging what research has been telling us for years about the high incidence of sexual violence in the United States. According to a recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report, more than 36% of women have experienced contact sexual violence in their lifetime and 19% have experienced attempted or completed rape. Men also report high rates of sexual violence; more than 17% have experienced some form of contact sexual violence in …

Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2017/2018, Tennessee. Department Of Safety & Homeland Security.

Annual Report

No abstract provided.

Road To Change: A Community’S Story On Strengthening Law Enforcement-Community Relations, Corina Mejia

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

The Youth Violence Prevention Task Force, YVPT, is a branch of the United Way that strives to reduce and prevent violence among youth in the county. The task force functions using a public health approach that emphasizes prevention, intervention, and suppression. In response to the high violence rates among youth, the task force organized dialogue sessions in the community. During the dialogue process, there was a growing need to create a resource for community partners involved in the process. Consequently, a web page that includes; information, updates, and supplemental documents was created to educate partner organizations, the community, and others …

Gearing Up For College, Beatriz Amy Huerta

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

Sadly, in the Greenfield community, there are exceedingly high rates of individuals who lack post-secondary education. The Census (2010), states that only 4.8% of persons age 25 years and older in Greenfield, CA obtain a bachelor’s degree. At Greenfield High School over the past five years, an average of 16 students enrolled at a CSU campus (The California State University, 2018). In efforts to promote higher education, Gear Up (Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs) empowers students and families of the Monterey County by fostering equitable access to postsecondary education and career readiness through relevant rigorous academic and …

Step By Step: Bridging The Gap Between Law Enforcement And Youth, Juan Castro

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

Tensions between law enforcement and the community have hindered the ability to build a positive relationship. Through Partners for Peace, Step-Up Mentoring program youth participants will gather for a community event to help mend the relationship with law enforcement officers. The purpose of the project is to generate a positive activity in which law enforcement can be viewed in a non-authoritative context. The community event was implemented through a friendly basketball game that was meant to facilitate a positive interaction and a discussion to provide a platform where the youth and law enforcement can gain each other’s perspective. The outcome …

Guide To Naloxone, Andrew Zhu

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

The Access Support Network is a non-profit organization that provides services to those impacted by HIV and Hepatitis C. The Access Support Network runs the one and only syringe exchange program in the Monterey County. Many clients seen at the syringe exchange program face many hardships such as opioid overdoses. The opioid epidemic has become a national public health crisis which has caused many overdosed deaths. Opioid overdoses occur from prescription drugs as well as illicit drugs, such as heroin, meth, and fentanyl. Naloxone is the medication that is used to counter and combat opioid-induced overdoses. Naloxone reverses the effects …

Monterey County District Attorney's Funeral Protocol, Greg Steinbeck

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

The investigators working for the Monterey County DA’s Office put their lives on the line protecting people in their community each and every day. Some of the high risks of this line of work often involve violent altercations involving individuals disobeying the law. Those risks may often involve severe injury or possibly death on the job. The Funeral Protocol is meant to provide full assistance to the families of the officers involved in these accidents. This project provided a set guidelines for the office to follow so that the families will not have to lift a finger in their times …

A Comparative Study Of The Global-Mindedness Of Freshmen And Senior Students At Northern Michigan University, Anthony Barnes

All NMU Master's Theses

Our global society has become increasingly interconnected. It is therefore necessary, no matter who you are or where you live, to be globally-minded and understand that now more than ever the consequences of our actions will have global implications. Although studies have been done to measure the global-mindedness of university students, and more specifically pre-service teachers, research was needed to compare the global-mindedness between freshmen and senior pre-service teachers. This quantitative study measured the global-mindedness of freshmen and senior university students at Northern Michigan University using the global-mindedness survey (GMS) designed by Hett (1993). The results showed no statistically significant …