Digital Commons Network^™

Assessing Individual And Disseminated Effects In Network-Randomized Studies, Ashley L. Buchanan, H. Vermund, Samuel R. Friedman, Donna Spiegelman

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Implementation trials often involve clustering via risk networks, where only some participants directly received the intervention. The individual effect is that among directly treated persons beyond being in an intervention network; the disseminated effect is that among persons engaged with those directly treated. We employ a causal inference framework and discuss assumptions and estimators for individual and disseminated effects and apply them to HIV Prevention Trials Network 037. HIV Prevention Trials Network 037 was a Phase III, network-level, randomized controlled HIV prevention trial conducted in the US and Thailand from 2002 to 2006 that recruited persons who injected drugs, who …

What Is The Role For Metronidazole In The Treatment Of Clostridium Difficile Infection? Results From A National Cohort Study Of Veterans With Initial Mild Disease, Haley J. Appaneal, R. Caffrey, Kerry L. Laplante

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: Metronidazole may still be an appropriate therapeutic option for mild Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in select patients, but data is limited to guide clinicians in identifying these patients.

Methods: Our two-stage study included a national cohort of Veterans with a first episode of mild CDI (2010–2014). First, among those treated with metronidazole, we identified predictors of success, defined as absence of all-cause mortality or recurrence 30-days post-treatment, using multivariable unconditional logistic regression. Second, among a subgroup of patients with characteristic/s predictive of success identified in the first-stage, we compared clinical outcomes among those treated with metronidazole compared …

The Biology Of Inequality, Lucy A. Jewel

Denver Law Review

No abstract provided.

Centralized Review Of Tax Regulations, Clinton G. Wallace

Faculty Publications

Centralized oversight of agency policymaking and spending by the President’s Office of Management and Budget is a hallmark of the modern administrative state. But tax regulations have almost never been subject to centralized review. The Trump administration recently proposed to require centralized review of tax regulations, but it is unclear what regulations would be subject to such review or how it would be conducted.

This Article examines the normative desirability of the longstanding approach of exempting tax regulations from centralized review, and the alternative of imposing such review. Scholars and policymakers have provided various incomplete justifications for excepting tax policy …

Serving Up Allergy Labeling: Mitigating Food Allergen Risks In Restaurants, Marie C. Boyd

Faculty Publications

Allergens in restaurant food cause many allergic reactions and deaths. Yet no federal, state, or local law adequately protects people from these harms. Although federal law requires the labeling of “major food allergens” in packaged food, there are no allergen labeling requirements for restaurant-type food. In addition, existing food safety requirements for restaurants are inadequate to prevent allergen cross contact.

The existing legal scholarship on food allergens in restaurants is limited. Much of the legal scholarship on labeling in restaurants focuses on menu labeling — the provision of calorie and other nutrition information to combat obesity. The requirements of Section …

Renewing The Healthy, Hunger Free Kids Act And Strengthening The Farm To School Program, Steele Rouse

The Journal of Law and Education

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of Campus Accessibility At The University Of Kentucky, Molly Mathistad

Lewis Honors College Capstone Collection

The paper reviews the accessibility satisfaction ratings and suggestions provided by University of Kentucky (UK) students who live with disabilities. A detailed survey was distributed to all students registered with the UK Disability Resource Center (DRC), inquiring about individual satisfaction with campus aspects such as the DRC, utilized accommodations, campus environment, student and faculty sensitivity, and the potential benefit of accommodation space(s) around campus. Participants listed dozens of potential solutions to problems which they and others face on campus daily, all of which are detailed in results sections of the paper. The most commonly mentioned issues included faculty sensitivity training, …

Health Promotion In Elementary School Students, Madelyn J. Miles

Lewis Honors College Capstone Collection

The following project was created to address the rising epidemic of childhood obesity. Childhood obesity is caused by many factors such as genetics, metabolism, community and neighborhood design, diet, exercise, and short sleep duration (Center for Disease Control: Childhood Obesity Facts). Social determinants of health, systems of oppression, and stigma can all influence the obesity epidemic. These include but are not limited to social status, location, culture, age, sexuality, ethnicity, and race. These identities can influence affordability and access to healthcare and further contribute to the obesity epidemic. It is important to understand these issues as a future provider. A …

Preparedness To Identify And Care For Trafficked Persons In South Carolina Hospitals: A State-Wide Exploration, Stephanie C. Armstrong

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Human trafficking is a growing crime impacting many victims from vulnerable populations. Due to the trauma and abuse endured, most victims are seen by a healthcare professional while still being trafficked. The majority of healthcare professionals and hospitals are not prepared to identify and care for trafficking victims, resulting in sub- optimal care and missed opportunities for intervention and assistance. The prepare section of the Common Ground Preparedness Framework was utilized to underpin this research; three separate studies were completed to gain empirical data related to preparedness. The first study examined screening instruments to identify commercially sexually exploited children and …

Elucidation Of The Mechanism Of Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonist-Mediated Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Robert Bruce Cameron

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the transient loss of renal function following an insult. Despite high incidence and mortality, therapy for AKI is limited to supportive care and renal replacement therapy. The induction of mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) accelerates recovery of renal function in animal models of AKI. We have identified that the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonist formoterol induces MB in renal proximal tubule cells (RPTC); however, not all β2AR agonists induce MB. We hypothesized that formoterol activates a distinct signaling pathway in RPTC to induce MB and accelerate recovery of renal function. In cultured RPTC, we found that formoterol …

Access To Birthing Centers And The Barriers Associated With Health Insurance Policies And Billing Procedures, Sabrina L. Wood

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

This research focuses on an access to care issue that evaluates the perceived barriers birthing centers and their clients experience with processing insurance or paying cash. In 2010, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) ensured that State Medicaid Programs cover maternity care provided in freestanding birth centers licensed or otherwise approved by the State. The lack of policies impacts birthing centers and their clients, disproportionately minority and medically underserved women. Primary and secondary data was gathered to evaluate outcomes, quantitatively and qualitatively. An anonymous nationwide nine question survey was distributed via email to nearly 300 American Association of Birth Centers (AABC) …

Survival Mechanisms Of Porphyromonas Gingivalis In Human Primary Gingival Epithelial Cells: An Investigation Of Host Antibacterial Nox And Autophagy Systems, Joann Simone Roberts

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Porphyromonas gingivalis, an opportunistic pathogen usurps gingival epithelial cells (GECs) as a primary intracellular niche for its colonization in the oral mucosa. P. gingivalis abrogates the effects of host danger molecule, extracellular ATP (eATP)/P2X7 signaling, such as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the mitochondria and NADPH oxidases (NOX) from primary GECs. Furthermore, P. gingivalis harnesses autophagic machinery to establish a replicative niche inside LC3-positive ER-rich autophagosomes. However, the antimicrobial functions of ROS production and precise characterization of the intracellular trafficking and fate of P. gingivalis in GECs are not well understood. Therefore, using a variety of phenotypic …

Senior Nursing Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, And Perceived Competency About Older Adults, Deborah Denise Brabham

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Background: Nurses entering the workforce may have limited education in gerontological nursing. Therefore, many nurses are unprepared to provide quality care to older adults. An unprepared nursing workforce could negatively influence older adults’ health outcomes and care experience. Purpose: To determine differences in senior nursing students’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceived competency about older adults based on enrollment in a bachelor of science in nursing degree (BSN), associate’s degree nursing (ADN), and practical nursing (PN) program that offers geriatric content in curricula. Theoretical Framework: Bandura’s social cognitive theory, triadic reciprocal determinism model provided the theoretical framework. Methods: A non-experimental, descriptive survey …

Impact Of Ramaekers Immune Primer On Finishing Beef Cattle Performance And Liver Abscess Rate, Hannah C. Wilson, F. Henry Hilscher, Bradley M. Boyd Boyd, Jim C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A feedlot study was conducted comparing a natural feed additive (Ramaekers Immune Primer) to Tylan or nothing on receiving and finishing performance. There were no differences for final BW, ADG, F:G, HCW, marbling, LM area, or fat thickness due to treatment. Liver abscess incidence and severity were reduced in steers fed Tylan, no differences were noted between Ramaekers Immune Primer and no additive. There was no difference in number of cattle treated for respiratory illness. Steers on the Ramaekers Immune Primer treatment had lower feed intake during the receiving period but had similar ADG and numerically better F:G at day …

Effect Of Continuous Or Rotational Grazing On Growing Steer Performance And Land Production, Cody A. Welchons, Robby G. Bondurant, F. Henry Hilscher Hilscher, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Andrea K. Watson, Jim C. Macdonald

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Individual animal performance and animal production per acre were evaluated for steers grazing smooth bromegrass over 2 consecutive years. Treatments consisted of steers continuously grazing smooth bromegrass and initially stocked at either 4.0 animal unit months (AUM)/ac (HI) or 2.8 AUM/ac (LO) or steers rotationally grazing smooth bromegrass and initially stocked at 4.0 AUM/ac (ROT). Average calculated stocking rate for the LO, HI, and ROT treatments was greater than initial stocking rates due to the use of put and take animals. In vitro organic matter digestibility and crude protein of rotationally grazed pastures was relatively constant as the grazing season …

Impact Of Winter Supplementation Of May Calving Cows And Heifer Development System In Two Different Breeding Seasons On Subsequent Growth And Reproduction, Shelby A. Springman, Alicia C. Lansford, Jacqueline A. Musgrave Musgrave, John Nollette, Andy Applegarth, Richard N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

In Exp. 1, May-calving cows were utilized to evaluate the effects of winter supplementation on heifer progeny. Cows grazed either dormant upland winter range with or without a protein supplement or grazed dormant meadow with or without a protein supplement. In Exp. 2, replacement heifers from March and May calving herds were offered ad libitum meadow hay and 4 lb/d supplement or grazed meadow and offered 1 lb/d supplement from mid-January to mid-April. Calf weaning BW and ADG from birth to weaning was less for calves from cows grazing winter range with no supplement compared with all other dam treatments. …

Production Of High-Quality Beef–The Nebraska Advantage, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Here is a clear description of the Nebraska Advantage in producing high-quality beef: the right genetics, numerous pastures, a multitude of cattle, great water resources, locally-grown corn, the availability of ethanol byproducts for feed, and young cattle that grow fast, with sufficient marbling and subcutaneous fat to ensure tender, flavorful, beef. The science of beef quality supports this production system. The state supports its citizens and agriculture through the University of Nebraska and the Nebraska Department of Agriculture, augmenting the infrastructure. If one could invent an ideal place to produce high-quality beef, it would look much like Nebraska! The impact …

Effects Of Late Gestation Supplementation, Synchronization, And Creep Feeding In A Spring Calving Beef Herd In The Nebraska Sandhills, Devin Broadhead, L. A. Stalker, Jacki A. Musgrave Musgrave, Richard N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Supplementation during winter grazing increased cow BW and BCS but had no effect on reproduction or calf performance, thus increasing production costs without increasing returns. Using a CIDR for estrus synchronization in a herd with existing acceptable reproductive performance did not increase cow pregnancy rate or advance calving date. Feeding creep feed to calves is an effective means of increasing weaning BW which resulted in increased live and carcass weight. Under the conditions of this study, when additional feed and price slide for heavier calves was considered, feeding creep feed did not result in added profits.

Effect Of Supplementation During The Breeding Season On A May-Calving Herd In The Nebraska Sandhills, Alicia C. Lansford, Jacki A. Musgrave, Richard N. Funston Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Females in their first and second breeding season received either a 32% crude protein (DM) supplement or no supplement throughout the breeding season. Supplementation did not affect heifer BW, BCS, and pregnancy rate at pregnancy diagnosis. Supplementation impacted primiparous cow BW and BCS at pregnancy diagnosis, but did not affect pregnancy rates. Calf birth weight and dystocia rates were unaffected by supplementation for both heifers and primiparous cow. Calves nursing supplemented dams were heavier at weaning. Greater supplementation may be needed to affect pregnancy rate.

"Of Mice And Measures": A Project To Improve How We Advance Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Therapies To The Clinic., Heather Gordish-Dressman, Raffaella Willmann, Laura Dalle Pazze, Arati Kreibich, Maaike Van Putten, Ahlke Heydemann, Laurent P. Bogdanik, Cathleen Lutz, Kay Davies, Alexis R Demonbruen, Dongsheng Duan, David Elsey, So-Ichiro Fukada, Mahasweta Girgenrath, J Patrick Gonzalez, Miranda D Grounds, Andy Nichols, Terry Partridge, Marco Passini, Francesca Sanarica, Frederick J Schnell, Dominic J Wells, Toshifumi Yokota, Courtney S Young, Zhong Zhong, Christopher Spurney, Melissa Spencer, Annamaria De Luca, Kanneboyina Nagaraju, Annemieke Aartsma-Rus

Faculty Research 2018

A new line of dystrophic mdx mice on the DBA/2J (D2) background has emerged as a candidate to study the efficacy of therapeutic approaches for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). These mice harbor genetic polymorphisms that appear to increase the severity of the dystropathology, with disease modifiers that also occur in DMD patients, making them attractive for efficacy studies and drug development. This workshop aimed at collecting and consolidating available data on the pathological features and the natural history of these new D2/mdx mice, for comparison with classic mdx mice and controls, and to identify gaps in information and their potential …

Commentary: A New Model For Chronic Care To Improve Patient's Skill, Patrick Dunn, Scott Conard

Walden Faculty and Staff Publications

More effective treatment and increased survival from acute cardiometabolic conditions, such as heart attack and stroke, and an aging population has resulted in more people living with chronic conditions, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, and obesity1. With increased incentives to focus on the long-term outcomes of patients, we believe that there is an even greater need for more effective models for chronic care, both in research and in clinical practice2.

Undergraduate Student Catalog 2018-2019, Nova Southeastern University

Undergraduate Programs Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Absolute Oral Bioavailability Of Creatine Monohydrate In Rats: Debunking A Myth, Eman A. Alraddadi, Ryan Lillico, Jonathan L. Vennerstrom, Ted M. Lakowski, Donald W. Miller

Journal Articles: Pharmaceutical Sciences

Creatine is an ergogenic compound used by athletes to enhance performance. Supplementation with creatine monohydrate (CM) has been suggested for musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. Until now, little is known about its pharmacokinetic profile. Our objective was to determine the oral bioavailability of CM and the influence of dose on oral absorption. Rats were dosed orally with low dose (10 mg/kg) or high dose (70 mg/kg)

Effectiveness Of Gonacon As An Immunocontraceptive In Colony-Housed Cats, Amy Fischer, Valerie A.W. Benka, Joyce R. Briggs, Marc-Antoine Driancourt, Joanne Maki, Darcy S.O. Mora, Kevin N. Morris, Kayla A. Myers, Linda Rhodes, Lindsey M. Vansandt, George Robert Weedon, Julie Wolf, Julie K. Levy

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Objectives Non-surgical contraceptive management of free-roaming cat populations is a global goal for public health and humane reasons. The objectives of this study were to measure the duration of contraception following a single intramuscular injection of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone-based vaccine (GonaCon) and to confirm its safe use in female cats living in colony conditions.

Methods GonaCon (0.5 ml/cat) was administered intramuscularly to 20 intact female cats (queens), and saline was administered to 10 queens serving as sham-treated controls. Beginning in late February, 4 months after injection, all cats were housed with fertile male cats in a simulated colony environment. Time …

Uab Magazine - Spring 2018, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

UAB Magazine

No abstract provided.

Determinants Of Health Disparities Among African And Caucasian Americans With Chronic Kidney Disease, Renal Cell Carcinoma, And End-Stage Renal Disease, Kathleen Cosgrove

The Graduate Review

Many studies have confirmed the disparity that black patients have an increased prevalence of severely impaired kidney function compared to whites. Without dialysis, or a kidney transplant, chronic kidney disease will progress to a fatal prognosis of end-stage kidney failure. The most common type of kidney cancer, renal cell carcinoma, occurs most often in adult males, age 50-70. Diabetes and hypertension are two of the most determinant factors of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States, which most often develops following a chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnosis. The poor are most susceptible to disease due to high risk community …

“Dignity In Living And In Dying”: The Henry H. H. Remak Memorial Lecture, George P. Smith Ii

Scholarly Articles

Dignity is seen commonly as an ethical obligation owed to human persons. The dimensions of this obligation in today's post secular society are, however, subject to wide discussion and debate; for the term, human dignity, and its preservation, defies universal agreement. Yet, its preservation, together with the prevention of indignity, is a guiding principle or at least a vector of force in a wide range of issues ranging from recognizing and protecting the civil rights of the citizen members of the LGBTQ community throughout the nation to the care of the disabled and to the dying.

In clinical medicine, safeguarding …

On Hygiene In A Modern Peripheral City, Diego Armus

History Faculty Works

This chapter discusses hygiene in the making of modern Buenos Aires focusing on the hygienic imagination, the construction of a hygienic consensus, and the limits of hygiene discourses in daily life. The arrival of modern hygiene in Buenos Aires took place during a time of profound, rapid changes that were evident in almost every aspect of urban life, from social geography to politics to culture. The triumph of hygiene culture as a catalog of detailed indications for people's daily behavior was part and parcel of the medicalization process that gave shape to a new consensus about normalized urban manners. The …

The Economic Impact Of Non-Dairy Alternative Milk Beverages On The United States Dairy Industry, Ernica Sanon

Scripps Senior Theses

Inspired by the sudden recent incline in and awareness of veganism as well as my own personal involvement in such matters, I sought out to complete an empirical analysis to study the impact of consumer preferences. Originally intrigued by the consumption of meat and its impact on developing countries, I opted for a related topic with better accompanying data. Consumer preferences change regularly with an increasing plethora of reasons behind their decisions. As the guiding force of the demand side of the market, it was vital to study the impact of their choices. My decision to use plant-based milk was …

Relationship Between Nutrition Knowledge And Obesity In Southern California Adults, Tatiana Keay, Tonya Larson, Claudinne Herrera

Loma Linda University Research Reports

Background

Over one third of the adult population in the U.S. are obese placing them at higher risk for morbidity or mortality.

Objective

To determine if lack of nutrition knowledge has a positive impact on eating behaviors using obesity status as an indicator.

Design

Participants completed the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ), Anonymous Demographic Questionnaire (ADQ), and anthropometric measurements were taken during a one-time meeting lasting about one hour.

Participants/Setting

Data collection was completed on 334 participants between the ages of 18-55 years in a southern California community sample.

Intervention

Anthropometric measurements were collected by the research team and consisted …