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Patient Attitudes Towards Analgesia And Their Openness To Non-Pharmacological Methods Such As Acupuncture In The Emergency Department, Andrew L. Jan, Emogene S. Aldridge, Ian R. Rogers, Eric J. Visser, Max K. Bulsara, Dana A. Hince

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Aims: To investigate patient attitudes to analgesia, opioids and non-pharmacological analgesia including acupuncture, in the ED.

Methods: ED patients with pain were surveyed regarding: pain scores, satisfaction, addiction concern, non-pharmacological methods of pain relief, and acupuncture. Data were analysed using logistic regression.

Results: Of 196 adult patients, 52.8% were ‘very satisfied’ with analgesia. Most patients (84.7%) would accept non-pharmacological methods including acupuncture (68.9%) and 78.6% were not concerned about addiction. Satisfaction was associated with male gender, and ‘adequate analgesia’ but not with opioids.

Conclusion: Most patients were generally satisfied with ED analgesia and were open to non-pharmacologic analgesia including …

Buprenorphine Versus Morphine In Paediatric Acute Pain: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Nathan Murray, Utsav Malla, Ruan Vlok, Alice Scott, Olivia Chua, Thomas Melhuish, Leigh White

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Introduction: In lab-based studies, buprenorphine appears to have a ceiling effect on respiratory depression but not on analgesia. There is increasing evidence in adult patients that buprenorphine has no ceiling effect on analgesia or side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and adverse effects of buprenorphine versus morphine in paediatric acute pain.

Methods: A systematic review of five databases was performed until May 2018. Only randomised controlled trials were eligible for inclusion. The outcomes of interest included pain, respiratory depression, nausea, sedation, dizziness, and pruritus.

Results: Four randomized controlled trials (n = 195) were …

5-Year Survival Of Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Living Donor Hamstring Tendon Grafts, Emma L. Heath, Lucy J. Salmon, Robert Cooper, Evangelos Pappas, Justin P. Roe, Leo Pinczewski

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Background: It is well accepted that there is a higher incidence of repeat anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in the pediatric population after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) with autograft tissue compared with adults. Hamstring autograft harvest may contribute to the risk for repeat ACL injuries in this high functional demand group. A novel method is the use of a living donor hamstring tendon (LDHT) graft from a parent; however, there is currently limited research on the outcomes of this technique, particularly beyond the short term.

Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to determine the medium-term survival of the ACL graft and the contralateral …

Depression Across Pregnancy And The Postpartum, Antidepressant Use And The Association With Female Sexual Function, Megan Galbally, Stuart J. Watson, Michael Permezel, Andrew J. Lewis

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Background: There is an established relationship between depression and sexual functioning in women. However, there is limited research examining the relationship between perinatal depression and sexual functioning.

Methods: This study draws on the Mercy Pregnancy and Emotional Wellbeing Study and reports on 211 women recruited in early pregnancy and followed to 12 months postpartum. Women were assessed for depression using the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV, repeated measurement of depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and sexual functioning using the Female Sexual Functioning Inventory. Data were also collected on antidepressant use, mode of delivery, history of childhood …

Patient Reported Outcomes Of Pastoral Care In A Hospital Setting, Elizabeth A. Lobb, Susanne Schmidt, Natalia Jerzmanowska, Ashley M. Swing, Safrina Thristiawati

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

This study aimed to establish whether Pastoral Care (PC) visits were an effective component of a hospitalized patient’s overall health experience. Outcomes of PC visits were reported by 369 patients in 7 sites across Australia. The patient reported outcomes of PC visits included: the patients felt they could be honest with themselves, with a sense of peace, a better perspective of their illness, less anxiety, and felt more in control. Five factors of the PC visit significantly related to higher patient’s overall outcomes: (a) having more Pastoral Care visits (p < 0.5 0 R 0.778, CI 0.17–1.38); (b) the patient was able to talk about what was on their mind (p < 0.01, OR1.48, CI 0.58–2.37); (c) they had something to be hopeful about (p < 0.01 OR1.18, CI 0.51–1.85); 4); the visit focused on decisions about the patient’s health care (p < 0.05, OR0.70, CI 0.05–1.35); and (d) a belief in God/Higher Being (p < 0.01, OR 1.01, CI 0.43–1.71).

Who Knows What 'Healthy Weight' Looks Like?, Rowan Flanagan, Daniel Waugh, Xingqiong Meng, Epi Kanjo, Catherine Krejany

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Background: Obesity is a global epidemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight and had corresponding increases in well-recognised, associated chronic diseases.

Aims: This study aimed to explore whether the general population is able to identify a healthy BMI and accurately perceive their own BMI using a visual scale.

Method: A cross-sectional, population-based survey of 103 participants were shown a visual scale of computer-generated images representing different BMIs and asked to identify: (1) which images represented a healthy body weight; (2) which image best …

Existential Distress In Cancer: Alleviating Suffering From Fundamental Loss And Change, Sigrun Vehling, David Kissane

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

A severe life threatening illness can challenge fundamental expectations about security, interrelatedness with others, justness, controllability, certainty, and hope for a long and fruitful life. That distress and suffering but also growth and mastery may arise from confrontation with an existentially threatening stressor is a long‐standing idea. But only recently have researchers studied existential distress more rigorously and begun to identify its distinct impact on health care outcomes. Operationalizations of existential distress have included fear of cancer recurrence, death anxiety, demoralization, hopelessness, dignity‐related distress, and the desire for hastened death. These focus in varying emphasis on fear of death, concern …

China’S Rise: How It Took On The U.S. At The Wto, Greg Shaffer, Henry S. Gao

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

This Article builds from original fieldwork to show what lies behind China’s remarkably successful use of international trade law to take on the United States and Europe. The World Trade Organization (“WTO”) is unique in China’s international relations as it is the only forum where China, with its anti-legalist traditions, has resolved its disputes through law and the use of third-party dispute settlement. After China acceded to the WTO in 2001, it invested massively in building trade law capacity to transform itself and defend itself externally. Through these investments and its increased market power, China became a serious rival to …

When The Tables Are Turned: The Effects Of The 2016 Us Presidential Election On In-Group Favoritism And Out-Group Hostility, Burak Oc, Celia Moore, Michael R. Bashshur

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The outcome of the 2016 U.S. Presidential election was a big surprise to many, as the majority of polls had predicted the opposite outcome. In this two-stage cross-sectional study, we focus on how Democrats and Republicans reacted to this electoral surprise and how these reactions might have influenced the way they allocated resources to each other in small groups. We find that, before the election, Republicans showed greater in-group favoritism than Democrats, who treated others equally, regardless of their political affiliation. We then show that Democrats experienced the election outcome as an ego shock and, in the week following the …

The Impact Of Advertising Share Of Voice On The Idiosyncratic Risk Of The Firm, Sungkyun Moon, Kapil R. Tuli, Anirban Mukherjee

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Integrating literature in marketing, finance and accounting, this study examines the impact ofa firms’ advertising share of voice (ASOV) on investors’ uncertainty about its future financialperformance, i.e., firms’ idiosyncratic risk. Drawing on signaling theory, authors propose that ASOV serves as a signal for investors such that higher ASOV reduces idiosyncratic risk. Consistent with this argument, analysis of 2,777 publicly listed firms over a two-decade period (1995-2014) shows that ASOV has a significant negative effect on idiosyncratic risk.In addition, consistent with the argument that ASOV is a more credible signal when firmshave higher cash flows; authors find that the negative impact …

Scarcity In The Twenty-First Century: How The Resource Nexus Affects Management, Simon J. D. Schillebeeckx, Mark Workman, Charles Dean

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Since theadvent of the 21st century and especially since the food andfinancial crisis in 2008, concerns about natural resource availability haveresurfaced. While scarcity concerns date back hundreds of years and arefoundational to economics, how scarcity is interpreted or framed has evolved significantlyin the last two centuries. In this chapter, we recount the evolving scarcity discourseand specifically address the most recent iteration that centres on the idea ofa resource nexus. While significant attention to the nexus has been paid bypolicy-makers and scholars interested in especially water, management scholarshave so far remained absent from these debates. Given recent calls to address grand …

The Management Of Natural Resources: An Overview And Research Agenda, Gerard George, Simon J.D. Schillebeeckx, Teng Lit Liak

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Natural resources underpin the foundation of human activity. Individuals and organizations consume vast amounts of natural resources as a matter of routine without much cognizance of their continued availability in the future or the true cost of a depleting natural resource. Over the past decades of industrial activity, organizations, communities, and nations have acted to protect their interests by investing in and securing their supplies of natural resources that support economic growth. An industrial complex, now variously termed as extractive industries, supplies crucial non-renewable natural resources such as oil and coal for energy or iron and aluminum for construction. Our …

Status Reports Of The Fisheries And Aquatic Resources Of Western Australia 2016/17. State Of The Fisheries, Daniel J. Gaughan, K. Santoro

Status Reports of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

The Status Reports of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources of Western Australia (SRFAR) provide an annual update on the state of the fish stocks and other aquatic resources of Western Australia (WA). These reports outline the most recent assessments of the cumulative risk status for each of the aquatic resources (assets) within WA’s six Bioregions using an Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) approach.

'What’S On Your Mind?' The Only Necessary Question In Spiritual Care, Austyn Snowden, Elizabeth Anne Lobb, Susanne Schmidt, Ashley M. Swing, Pamela Logan, Catherine Macfarlane

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Around the world, chaplains provide specialist spiritual care for people with complex healthcare needs. If the nature of chaplain interventions was better understood then multidisciplinary colleagues could both improve their own skills in spiritual care and better understand when to refer people to chaplains. A survey was constructed to establish what aspects of the chaplain/patient relationship were most important for patients in Scotland and Australia. Outcomes were measured with the Scottish Patient Reported Outcome Measure (Scottish PROM©). Results from 610 respondents showed the strongest correlation was between ‘being able to talk about what is on my mind’ and the Scottish …

Increasing The Knowledge, Identification And Treatment Of Osteoporosis Through Education And Shared Decision-Making With Residents Living In A Retirement Village Community, Jane Anderson-Wurf, Catherine Harding, Alexa Seal

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Objective: This pilot study explored whether individual goal setting in a retirement village setting could improve strategies to strengthen bones in an ageing population and help prevent osteoporosis.

Methods: A two-phased osteoporosis prevention program was developed, piloted and evaluated involving a group education session followed by the development of individualised Bone Plans based upon personal understanding of individual fracture risk and lifestyle factors.

Results: A significant improvement in knowledge and understanding of factors to prevent and manage osteoporosis was achieved, and changes in lifestyle behaviours were sustained at six months.

Conclusion: Success was due to education by specialist medical and …

Primary Goals, Information-Giving And Men's Understanding: A Qualitative Study Of Australian And Uk Doctors' Varied Communication About Psa Screening, Kristen Pickles, Stacy M. Carter, Lucie Rychetnik, Kirsten Mccaffery, Vikki A. Entwistle

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Objectives: (1) To characterise variation in general practitioners’ (GPs’) accounts of communicating with men about prostate cancer screening using the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, (2) to characterise GPs’ reasons for communicating as they do and (3) to explain why and under what conditions GP communication approaches vary.

Study design and setting: A grounded theory study. We interviewed 69 GPs consulting in primary care practices in Australia (n=40) and the UK (n=29).

Results: GPs explained their communication practices in relation to their primary goals. In Australia, three different communication goals were reported: to encourage asymptomatic men to either have a PSA …

The Teaching And Learning Of Health Advocacy In An Australian Medical School, Arabelle M. Douglas, Donna B. Mak, Caroline Bulsara, David J. Macey, Indira V.M Samarawickrema

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Objectives: To determine if medical graduates from an Australian university are educated and skilled in health advocacy for their future practice with patients and the wider community.

Methods: The authors used an exploratory mixed methodology starting with curriculum mapping of the medical curriculum, followed by key informant interviews with the University of Notre Dame, School of Medicine academics (n = 6) and alumni (n = 5) on teaching/learning and practice of health advocacy. The final stage consisted of a cross-sectional survey on teaching/learning health advocacy among third and fourth (final) year medical students (N = 195).

Results: The medical curriculum …

Community Peer-Led Falls Prevention Presentations: What Do The Experts Suggest?, Linda Khong, Richard G. Berlach, Keith D. Hill, Anne-Marie Hill

IHR Papers and Journal Articles

Falls among older adults are a major problem. Despite considerable progress in falls prevention research, older adults often show low motivation to engage in recommended preventive strategies. Peer-led falls prevention education for older adults may have potential for bridging the research evidence-practice gap, thereby promoting the uptake of falls prevention strategies. We evaluated peer educators’ presentations of falls prevention education to community-dwelling older adults in regard to established criteria that were consistent with adult learning principles, the framework of health behaviour change, falls prevention guidelines, and recommendations for providing falls prevention information. We conducted a within-stage mixed model study using …

Cauliflower Ear - A Minimally Invasive Treatment Method In A Wrestling Athlete: A Case Report, Josef Haik, Or Givol, Rachel Kornhaber, Michelle Cleary, Hagit Ofir, Moti Harats

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Acute auricular hematoma can be caused by direct blunt trauma or other injury to the external ear. It is typically seen in those who practice full contact sports such as boxing, wrestling, and rugby. “Cauliflower ear” deformity, fibrocartilage formation during scarring, is a common complication of auricular hematomas. Therefore, acute drainage of the hematoma and postprocedural techniques for preventing recurrence are necessary for preventing the deformity. There are many techniques although no superior method of treatment has been found. In this case report, we describe a novel method using needle aspiration followed by the application of a magnet and an …

The General Motor Ability Hypothesis: An Old Idea Revisited, Beth Hands, Fleur Mcintyre, Helen Parker

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

While specific motor abilities have become a popular explanation for motor performance, the older, alternate notion of a general motor ability should be revisited. Current theories lack consensus, and most motor assessment tools continue to derive a single composite score to represent motor capacity. In addition, results from elegant statistical procedures such as higher order factor analyses, cluster analyses, and Item Response Theory support a more global motor ability. We propose a contemporary model of general motor ability as a unidimensional construct that is emergent and fluid over an individual’s lifespan, influenced by both biological and environmental factors. In this …

Manipulating Field Dimensions During Small-Sided Games Impacts The Technical And Physical Profiles Of Australian Footballers, Brock Fleay, Christopher Joyce, Harry Banyard, T Carl Woods

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

This study investigated the effect of manipulating field dimensions on the technical and physical profiles of Australian football (AF) players during small-sided games (SSGs). A total of 40 male players (23.9 ± 3.5 y) participated in three, five-a-side SSGs; defined as ‘small’ (20m x 30m; 600m²), ‘medium’ (30m x 40m; 1200m²), and ‘large’ (40m x 50m; 2000m²). Notational analyses enabled the quantification of technical skill indicators, while physical activity profiles were measured using microtechnology, resulting in 18 criterion variables. A multivariate analysis of variance modelled the main effect of field dimension on the criterion …

Monitoring And Managing Fatigue In Basketball, Toby Edwards, Tania Spiteri, Benjamin Piggott, Joshua Bonhotal, G Gregory Haff, Christopher Joyce

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

The sport of basketball exposes athletes to frequent high intensity movements including sprinting, jumping, accelerations, decelerations and changes of direction during training and competition which can lead to acute and accumulated chronic fatigue. Fatigue may affect the ability of the athlete to perform over the course of a lengthy season. The ability of practitioners to quantify the workload and subsequent fatigue in basketball athletes in order to monitor and manage fatigue levels may be beneficial in maintaining high levels of performance and preventing unfavorable physical and physiological training adaptations. There is currently limited research quantifying training or competition workload outside …

Literature Review: Anthropometric, Strength And Physical Capacities Of Senior And Junior Australian Footballers, Ashley Cripps, Ysabel Jacob, James Walker, Benjamin Piggott

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

This study demonstrates that senior Australian Football players are heavier and possess superior strength characteristics without any meaningful difference in aerobic capacities when compared to under 18 players.

The aim of this study was to compare the anthropometric and physical characteristics of state based junior and senior Australian Football (AF) players. Thirty-One League (age 23.7 ± 2.6 years), 19 Development League (DL) (age 20.5 ± 1.9 years), and 34 Under 18 (U18) players (age 17.4 ± 0.7 years) were recruited from a single AF club. Assessments included height and mass, upper body (bench press and weighted pull-up) and lower body …

Is There A Link Between Vitamin B And Multiple Sclerosis?, Natalie Nemazannikova, Kathleen Mikkelsen, Lily Stojanovska, Gregory L. Blatch, Vasso Apostolopoulos

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Background: Damage to the myelin sheath (demyelination) is one of the main manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS). Interestingly, both MS and vitamin B deficiencies result in severe myelin degeneration, leading to loss in neuronal signal transmission.

Objective: Deficiency in vitamin B complex vary, although common symptoms include fatigue, increased oxidative stress, inflammation and demyelination. In particular, vitamin B12 (cobalamin) has had increased attention for its role in the methylation process, involvement in myelination and remyelination, and reversal of MS symptoms.

Method: Here, we discuss the role of vitamin B complex (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12) in …

Cosmetic Outcome As Rated By Patients, Doctors, Nurses And Bcct.Core Software Assessed Over 5 Years In A Subset Of Patients In The Targit-A Trial, Tammy Corica, Anna K. Nowak, Christobel M. Saunders, Max K. Bulsara, Mandy Taylor, Norman R. Williams, Mohammed Keshtgar, David J. Joseph, Jayant S. Vaidya

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Background: The purpose of this research was to assess agreement between four rating systems of cosmetic outcome measured in a subset of patients with early breast cancer participating in the randomised TARGIT-A trial. TARGIT-A compared risk-adapted single-dose intra-operative radiotherapy (TARGIT-IORT) to whole breast external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).

Methods: Patients, their Radiation Oncologist and Research Nurse completed a subjective cosmetic assessment questionnaire before radiotherapy and annually thereafter for five years. Objective data previously calculated by the validated BCCT.core software which utilizes digital photographs to score symmetry, colour and scar was also used. Agreement was assessed by the Kappa statistic and longitudinal …

Adolescents' Self-Reported Motor Assessments May Be More Realistic Than Those Of Their Parents, Fleur Mcintyre, Beth Hands

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Introduction: Adolescents' motor competence influences their physical, social and emotional development. Parent-reported assessments may not be truly representative of their adolescent's motor difficulties. This study examined the congruency between parent- and self-reported motor competence in 133 parent-adolescent dyads.

Method: The adolescent-reported Adolescent Motor Competence Questionnaire (AMCQ; ≤83) and the parent-reported Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ-07; ≤57) cut scores classified 133 (M_age = 14.5 years) adolescents into high and low motor competence. Parents also completed the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham IV (SNAP-IV) for descriptive purposes.

Findings: A moderate correlation (r = 0.56, P < 0.001) was found between the AMCQ and the DCDQ-07 scores. Overall, 42 low motor competence cases were identified by both measures (AMCQ and DCDQ-07). Parents identified more boys (11) than girls (9) with low motor competence, whereas more female adolescents (22) self-reported low motor competence than boys (18). A high proportion agreement (0.82) was seen, which was principally due to the 91 (68.4% of sample) high motor competence case agreements.

Conclusion: Parents identified fewer motor …

Risk Of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Associated With Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Parity And Breast Cancer, Louise Stewart, Katrina Spilsbury, Susan Jordan, Colin Stewart, C. D'Arcy J. Holman, Aime Powell, Joanne Reekie, Paul Cohen

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Background: Ovarian carcinoma is not a single disease, but rather a collection of subtypes with differing molecular properties and risk profiles. The most common of these, and the subject of this work, is high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC).

Methods: In this population-based study we identified a cohort of 441,382 women resident in Western Australia who had ever been admitted to hospital in the State. Of these, 454 were diagnosed with HGSC. We used Cox regression to derive hazard ratios (HRs) comparing the risk of disease in women who had each of a range of medical diagnoses and surgical procedures with …

Intense Exercise For Survival Among Men With Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer (Interval-Gap4): A Multicentre, Randomized, Controlled Phase Iii Study Protocol, Robert U. Newton, Stacey A. Kenfield, Nicolas H. Hart, June M. Chan, Kerry S. Courneya, James Catto, Stephen P. Finn, Rosemary Greenwood, Daniel C. Hughes, Lorelei Mucci, Stephen R. Plymate, Stephan F.E Plaet, Emer M. Guinan, Erin L. Van Blarigan, Orla Casey, Mark Buzza, Sam Gledhill, Li Zhang, Daniel A. Galvao, Charles J. Ryan, Fred Saad

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Introduction: Preliminary evidence supports the beneficial role of physical activity on prostate cancer outcomes. This phase III randomised controlled trial (RCT) is designed to determine if supervised high-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise increases overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Methods and analysis: Participants (n=866) must have histologically documented metastatic prostate cancer with evidence of progressive disease on androgen deprivation therapy (defined as mCRPC). Patients can be treatmentnaive for mCRPC or on first-line androgen receptor-targeted therapy for mCRPC (ie, abiraterone or enzalutamide) without evidence of progression at enrolment, and with no prior chemotherapy for mCRPC. Patients …

Key Features Of Palliative Care Service Delivery To Indigenous Peoples In Australia, New Zealand, Canada And The United States: A Comprehensive Review, Shaouli Shahid, Emma V. Taylor, Shelley Cheetham, John A. Woods, Samar M. Aoun, Sandra C. Thompson

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Background: Indigenous peoples in developed countries have reduced life expectancies, particularly from chronic diseases. The lack of access to and take up of palliative care services of Indigenous peoples is an ongoing concern.

Objectives: To examine and learn from published studies on provision of culturally safe palliative care service delivery to Indigenous people in Australia, New Zealand (NZ), Canada and the United States of America (USA); and to compare Indigenous peoples’ preferences, needs, opportunities and barriers to palliative care.

Methods: A comprehensive search of multiple databases was undertaken. Articles were included if they were published in English from 2000 onwards …

Time For Change: Fitness And Strength Can Be Improved And Sustained In Adolescents With Low Motor Competence, Beth Hands, Paola Chivers, Tegan Grace, Fleur Mcintyre

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Background: There are few exercise interventions focused on adolescents with low motor competence and most interventions are short with little follow up and engagement over time.

Methods and procedures: Fifty-eight adolescents with low motor competence (39 males, Mean Age=13.6, SD=1.4 years) attended an exercise clinic twice a week for each 13 week program. Two programs ran each year, and participants attended for as long as they felt progress was made or they turned 18 years of age. Performance on the Multistage Fitness Test (MSFT), Curl-ups, Grip Strength, 1RM Leg press and Chest Press, Vertical Jump and Standing Broad Jump (SBJ) …