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2018

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Putting Your Foot Down: Improving Diabetic Foot Exam Rates, Victor Catania Md, Grant M. Greenberg M.D., M.H.S.A., M.A., Deborah Bren Do Dec 2018

Putting Your Foot Down: Improving Diabetic Foot Exam Rates, Victor Catania Md, Grant M. Greenberg M.D., M.H.S.A., M.A., Deborah Bren Do

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.


Bridging The Gap: Improving Transitions Of Care, Victor Catania Md, Grant M. Greenberg M.D., M.H.S.A., M.A., Deborah Bren Do Dec 2018

Bridging The Gap: Improving Transitions Of Care, Victor Catania Md, Grant M. Greenberg M.D., M.H.S.A., M.A., Deborah Bren Do

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.


Instructional Materials For Stac 139 Course, Jesse Welsh Dec 2018

Instructional Materials For Stac 139 Course, Jesse Welsh

Instructional Psychology and Technology Graduate Student Projects

Every semester, nearly 150 undergraduate and graduate students enroll in STAC 139 courses at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah. This course, initially aimed to inspire physical activity and wellness in BYU students interested in running, has evolved and matured in its objectives as new instructors have made alterations to the course in both structure, content, and execution as they have worked within loose-fitting parameters.

This evolution has brought with it a tension between the objectives of the STAC 139 instructors and the legacy elements of the course provided to them from the STAC organization. Recognizing this tension, the project …


Analysis Of State Unfunded Retirement Benefits In The United States, Darian Los Dec 2018

Analysis Of State Unfunded Retirement Benefits In The United States, Darian Los

Honors Capstones

States have not been required to include underfunded pension liabilities on their financial statements until GASB No. 67 and No. 68 was issued in 2012. This means that citizens have not be getting all of information relating to the financial stability of the state. In this project, I gather pension liability data from the states Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports. The data gathered will be used by Truth In Accounting for analysis and reporting to the public. This information will allow citizens to determine the financial stability of their state and if plans are being underfunded, they can call for major …


Supporting Students With Adhd In The Classroom, Alexandria Patinka Dec 2018

Supporting Students With Adhd In The Classroom, Alexandria Patinka

Honors Capstones

Students with ADHD often face academic challenges (Rawe, 2014). Researchers have examined ways in which various levels of assistive technology (AT) devices to help mediate some of these challenges. A selection of AT options range from high-tech, mid-tech, to low-tech, and each level were examined for their effectiveness, ease of use, and affordability. Additionally, researchers used AT with an at-risk student with ADHD in order to examine the effectiveness when improving the student’s academic success. Researchers discuss and examine applications of AT in the classroom in order to provide educators with information on how to assist students who have ADHD …


Project Icarus, Amro A. Shanshal Dec 2018

Project Icarus, Amro A. Shanshal

Honors Capstones

Project Icarus is an autonomous surveillance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) prototype designed to aid first responders by providing rapid aerial assessment of locations affected by disaster. Additionally, Project Icarus is capable of restoring local Wi-Fi based communications during grid failure. Icarus has the capabilities to provide logistical assistance to emergency personnel by providing immediate aerial surveillance of ongoing dangerous situations. Furthermore, the Icarus platform operates on an umbilical system that provides a long-term aerial surveillance solution and can be easily modified to accommodate specific situations using its modular design. The low-cost system that does not require a drone pilot is …


Reducing Stress And Anxiety In Nursing Students Using Music Therapy, Teagan N. Duvall Dec 2018

Reducing Stress And Anxiety In Nursing Students Using Music Therapy, Teagan N. Duvall

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.


Climate Change Adaptation Strategies And Approaches For Outdoor Recreation, Daniel O'Toole, Leslie A. Brandt, Maria K. Janowiak, Danielle Shannon, Patricia Leopold, Stephen D. Handler, Et Al. Dec 2018

Climate Change Adaptation Strategies And Approaches For Outdoor Recreation, Daniel O'Toole, Leslie A. Brandt, Maria K. Janowiak, Danielle Shannon, Patricia Leopold, Stephen D. Handler, Et Al.

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Climate change will alter opportunities and demand for outdoor recreation through altered winter weather conditions and season length, climate-driven changes in user preferences, and damage to recreational infrastructure, among other factors. To ensure that outdoor recreation remains sustainable in the face of these challenges, natural resource managers may need to adapt their recreation management. One of the major challenges of adapting recreation to climate change is translating broad concepts into specific, tangible actions. Using a combination of in-depth interviews of recreational managers and a review of peer-reviewed literature and government reports, we developed a synthesis of impacts, strategies, and approaches, …


Regional Strategies To Collaboratively Measure Affordability, Meredith Roberts Tomasi, Katie Dobler, Pamela Mariea-Nason Dec 2018

Regional Strategies To Collaboratively Measure Affordability, Meredith Roberts Tomasi, Katie Dobler, Pamela Mariea-Nason

Books, Presentations, Posters, Etc.

Learn how Oregon and other states and regions are addressing health care quality and affordability with multi-payer regional data, cost reporting, and community stakeholder collaborations. This session will create a common understanding of terminology and share reports in use today. Participants will draft an affordability roadmap, deepen their knowledge of how to identify meaningful partnerships, and understand how any organization fits into the conversation.

After this presentation you will be able to:

  1. 1. Discuss the terminology, data elements, and regional resources already working with quality and cost data across the country, and explain how Oregon uses regional data and multi-stakeholder …


The Comprehensive Chronic Pain Management In Primary Care Practice Improvement Project, Erin Smith Do, Kevin Mcneill Md, Gloria Robinson Lpc, Stephen Denton Lcsw Dec 2018

The Comprehensive Chronic Pain Management In Primary Care Practice Improvement Project, Erin Smith Do, Kevin Mcneill Md, Gloria Robinson Lpc, Stephen Denton Lcsw

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.


Proposing An Analysis System To Monitoring Weightlifting Based On Training (Snatch And Clean And Jerk), Abdul Monem S. Rahma, Maisa'a Abid Ali K. Dec 2018

Proposing An Analysis System To Monitoring Weightlifting Based On Training (Snatch And Clean And Jerk), Abdul Monem S. Rahma, Maisa'a Abid Ali K.

Baghdad Science Journal

Analysis system of sports players is very important for individuals in weightlifting. Assessment of player and strength is important for the performance of weightlifting. This paper proposes an analytical method for weightlifters with check-by-frame video. This analysis system can compute the major steps of seven positions in both snatch and clean and jerk methods in frame-video weightlifting monitoring of movements. Each user can compute the major steps of the seven positions of Hu moments among two frames in the video during training, and the Euclidian distance can be computed for the Hu moment values and lifting moment values in the …


Integrate Behavioral Health In The Ed And Upstream, Katie Gilligan, Heidi Beazizo Dec 2018

Integrate Behavioral Health In The Ed And Upstream, Katie Gilligan, Heidi Beazizo

Books, Presentations, Posters, Etc.

This interactive session will describe the changes being tested by 10 hospitals in the Integrating Behavioral Health in the ED and Upstream Learning Community, convened by IHI and Well Being Trust, to achieve meaningful improvements for patients with mental health and substance abuse conditions, their families, and ED staff. Participants will learn from experts and participating team members, share learning with other participants, and develop action plans for bringing this critical work to their organizations.

After this presentation you will be able to:

  1. Describe a theory of change and set of core measures to improve patient outcomes, experience, and staff …


A Comparative Efficiency Study Of Two Adsorbent Materials To Remove Eosin Y Dye From Aqueous Solutions, Ali K. Al-Muttairi, Sama A. Mustafa, Jasim M. Salman Dec 2018

A Comparative Efficiency Study Of Two Adsorbent Materials To Remove Eosin Y Dye From Aqueous Solutions, Ali K. Al-Muttairi, Sama A. Mustafa, Jasim M. Salman

Baghdad Science Journal

This study was done to find a cheap, available and ecofriendly materials that can remove eosin y dye from aqueous solutions by adsorption in this study, two adsorbent materials were used, the shells of fresh water clam (Cabicula fluminea) and walnut shells. To make a comparison between the two adsorbents, five experiments were conducted. First, the effects of the contact time, here the nut shell removed the dye quickly, while the C. flumina need more contact time to remove the dye. Second, the effects of adsorbent weight were examined. The nut shell was very promising and for all used adsorbent …


An Epidemiological, Diagnostic, And Therapeutic Study Of The Leishmania Tropica Parasite In Iraq’S Anbar Province, Suad Shallal Shahatha, Thaer Abdelqader Saleh Dec 2018

An Epidemiological, Diagnostic, And Therapeutic Study Of The Leishmania Tropica Parasite In Iraq’S Anbar Province, Suad Shallal Shahatha, Thaer Abdelqader Saleh

Baghdad Science Journal

This paper involved the registration of 1,936 cases of infection of the Leishmania tropica parasite observed at hospitals and health centers in Ramadi, Fallujah, Baghdadi, and Hit during 2017. The results revealed that the highest rates of infection were found in Ramadi and Fallujah. The 1-10 years age group recorded the highest rate at 35.5%. There was no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) between the sexes. December and January saw the highest rate of infection, where the rate in rural townships was found to be 65.5%, higher than in urban regions which saw a rate of 34.4%. Facial lesions were …


Detection Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa In Clinical Samples Using Pcr Targeting Eta And Gyrb Genes, Khulod Ibraheem Hassan, Saman Rafeeq Abdullah Dec 2018

Detection Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa In Clinical Samples Using Pcr Targeting Eta And Gyrb Genes, Khulod Ibraheem Hassan, Saman Rafeeq Abdullah

Baghdad Science Journal

Pseudomonas aeruginosa has variety of virulence factors that contribute to its pathogenicity. Therefore, rapid detection with high accuracy and specificity is very important in the control of this pathogenic bacterium. To evaluate the accuracy and specificity of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay, ETA and gyrB genes were targeted to detect pathogenic strains of P. aeruginosa. Seventy swab samples were taken from patients with infected wounds and burns in two hospitals in Erbil and Koya cities in Iraq. The isolates were traditionally identified using phenotypic methods, and DNA was extracted from the positive samples, to apply PCR using the species specific …


High Reliability + Value Improvement = Learning Organization, Sheri Feeney, Liga Mezaraups, Douglas Meyer, Glenda Battey, Linda Severs Dec 2018

High Reliability + Value Improvement = Learning Organization, Sheri Feeney, Liga Mezaraups, Douglas Meyer, Glenda Battey, Linda Severs

Books, Presentations, Posters, Etc.

Experience how the 3rd largest nonprofit health-system is becoming a learning organization. Engaging frontline staff in high reliability and improvement skills is critical to a High Reliability Learning Organization (HRLO). Leaders and staff pursuing daily improvement deliver greater value to patients, each other, business operations, and their communities. Participants will learn how to combine HRO and improvement science so everyone has the skills, will, and freedom to provide more affordable care and attain zero harm.

Objectives:

  1. Identify successful elements and challenges of implementation and spread of our high reliability behaviors.
  2. Demonstrate how HRO behaviors are the foundation for daily …


2018-2019 Gingerbread Holiday Concert, Lynn University Philharmonia, Jon Robertson Dec 2018

2018-2019 Gingerbread Holiday Concert, Lynn University Philharmonia, Jon Robertson

Philharmonia

16th Annual Gingerbread Holiday Concert presented by Lynn University and Friends of the Conservatory of Music


Evaluation Of The Ecosystem Services Of The Central Marsh In Southern Iraq, Nadheer A. Fazaa, Jonathon C. Dunn, Mark J. Whittingham Dec 2018

Evaluation Of The Ecosystem Services Of The Central Marsh In Southern Iraq, Nadheer A. Fazaa, Jonathon C. Dunn, Mark J. Whittingham

Baghdad Science Journal

Ecosystems provide humans with services that include benefits from food, fresh water, climate regulation, and socio-economic assets. The Mesopotamian marshlands are among the largest wetlands in the Middle East and they provide various benefits. However, ecosystem services of the Marshlands are consistently undervalued in national economic analysis and decision making. This study focusses on the Central Marshes, the first National Park in Iraq, and is the first attempt at valuing a series of ecosystem services from a valuable natural ecosystem in Iraq. We adopted the Toolkit for Ecosystem Services Site-Based Assessment (TESSA) for the determination of biophysical and economic values …


Application Of Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna (Rapd) Technique To Estimate Genetic Distance Among Some Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Different Iraqi Hospitals, Alyaa Mohammed H, Maysaa Adil Ali, Mohammed Saad Alnasari, Wedean Al-Hadban Dec 2018

Application Of Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna (Rapd) Technique To Estimate Genetic Distance Among Some Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Different Iraqi Hospitals, Alyaa Mohammed H, Maysaa Adil Ali, Mohammed Saad Alnasari, Wedean Al-Hadban

Baghdad Science Journal

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the principal nosocomial causative agents. This bacterium has the capability to resist wide range of antibiotics and it is responsible for many diseases like skin, nose and wounds infection. In this study, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR was applied with ten random primers to examine the molecular diversity among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates in the hospitals and to investigate the genetic distance between them. 90 Isolates were collected from clinical specimens from Iraqi hospitals for a total of 90 isolates. Only 10 strains (11.11%) were found to be MRSA. From …


Enhancement Of The Tensile And The Compression Properties For Heat- Cured Acrylic Resin Denture Base Materials, Mohammed Gh. Hammed, Ibrahim H. Al-Fahdawi, Moaaed Motlak Dec 2018

Enhancement Of The Tensile And The Compression Properties For Heat- Cured Acrylic Resin Denture Base Materials, Mohammed Gh. Hammed, Ibrahim H. Al-Fahdawi, Moaaed Motlak

Baghdad Science Journal

This work aims to investigate the tensile and compression strengths of heat- cured acrylic resin denture base material by adding styrene-butadiene (S- B) to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The most well- known issue in prosthodontic practice is fracture of a denture base. All samples were a blend of (90%, 80%) PMMA and (10%, 20%) S- B powder melted in Oxolane (Tetra hydro furan). These samples were chopped down into specimens of dimensions 100x10x2.5mm to carry out the requirements of tensile tests. The compression strength test specimens were shaped into a cylinder with dimensions of 12.7mm in diameter and 20mm in length. …


Optimal Uav Deployment For Data Collection In Deadline-Based Iot Applications, Alaa Taima Albu-Salih, Seyed Amin Hosseini Seno Dec 2018

Optimal Uav Deployment For Data Collection In Deadline-Based Iot Applications, Alaa Taima Albu-Salih, Seyed Amin Hosseini Seno

Baghdad Science Journal

The deployment of UAVs is one of the key challenges in UAV-based communications while using UAVs for IoT applications. In this article, a new scheme for energy efficient data collection with a deadline time for the Internet of things (IoT) using the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) is presented. We provided a new data collection method, which was set to collect IoT node data by providing an efficient deployment and mobility of multiple UAV, used to collect data from ground internet of things devices in a given deadline time. In the proposed method, data collection was done with minimum energy consumption …


Building Solidarity In Disease Communities’ Quest For Better Care And Treatments: A Conversation With A Young Tennis Award-Winner, Kenneth P. Serbin Dec 2018

Building Solidarity In Disease Communities’ Quest For Better Care And Treatments: A Conversation With A Young Tennis Award-Winner, Kenneth P. Serbin

At Risk for Huntington's Disease

No abstract provided.


High-Energy Nutrition In Paediatric Cardiac Critical Care Patients: A Randomised Controlled Trial, Huiwen Zhang, Ying Gu, Ya Ping Mi, Yun Jin, Weijia Fu, Jos M. Latour Dec 2018

High-Energy Nutrition In Paediatric Cardiac Critical Care Patients: A Randomised Controlled Trial, Huiwen Zhang, Ying Gu, Ya Ping Mi, Yun Jin, Weijia Fu, Jos M. Latour

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Background: Previous studies have shown that feeding high-energy formula to infants after cardiac surgery increased energy intake with fewer side effects on cardiopulmonary function. However, impacts on weight gain and gastrointestinal function remain unclear. Aims: To determine the impact of high-energy formula compared to standard formula on weight gain and gastrointestinal tolerance in postoperative infants with congenital heart disease. Design: Randomised Controlled Trial. Method: The setting of the study was at a 20-bed Cardiac Intensive Care Unit at a tertiary children’s hospital in China. Study population were infants <1 year of age who underwent cardiac surgery were allocated to the intervention group (n=32) and control group (n=32). The intervention group received high-energy formula (100kcal/100 mL) and the control group received standard formula (67kcal/100 mL) for 7 days during the stabilized postoperative period at the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit. Primary outcomes were weight gain and gastrointestinal intolerance. Secondary outcomes were energy intake and standard intensive care characteristics. Results: Infants who received high-energy formula (n=30) showed greater mean weight gain than those who received standard formula (n=29); -16g (95% CI: -74 to 42) versus -181g (95%CI: -264 to -99), P =0.001. The evaluation of gastrointestinal intolerance showed that the intervention group had several side effects, such as abdominal distension (n=1), gastric retention (n=2), and diarrhea (n=1), while the control group had no problems. Enteral energy intake in the intervention group was higher than control group from day three. Conclusion: Infants after cardiac surgery fed with high-energy formula gained more weight but had increased feeding intolerance. However, the feeding intolerance symptoms could be relieved by medication and did not affect feeding advancement. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Paediatric intensive care clinicians should consider gradually increasing energy density of the formula during feeding and assess feeding intolerance signs in children with malnutrition after cardiac surgery.


Input: An Academic–Practice Partnership To An Underserved Rural Community, Judy Neubrander, Susan Franzen, Rebecca Mathis Dec 2018

Input: An Academic–Practice Partnership To An Underserved Rural Community, Judy Neubrander, Susan Franzen, Rebecca Mathis

Faculty and Staff Publications – Milner Library

The INPUT project is a model partnership that changed the way health care was offered to the underserved in rural Western North Carolina. Grant funding provided a full‐time Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) to a free clinic and created clinical placements for FNP students. Students had opportunities to learn about unique aspects of care for vulnerable, underserved populations to encourage them to consider working in rural communities. The clinic saw an increase in patient visits and offered more continuity in follow‐up care. This academic–practice partnership represents a successful example of how working together can benefit the collaborators and community.


Seleksi Karakter Kandungan Amilosa Sedang Pada Populasi Hasil Persilangan Sintanur X Ptb33 Dan Pandanwangi X Ptb33 Berdasarkan Marka Fenotipik Dan Molekuler Ssr, Whitea Yasmine Slamet, Anita R. S. Wardani, Santika Sari, Nono Carsono Dec 2018

Seleksi Karakter Kandungan Amilosa Sedang Pada Populasi Hasil Persilangan Sintanur X Ptb33 Dan Pandanwangi X Ptb33 Berdasarkan Marka Fenotipik Dan Molekuler Ssr, Whitea Yasmine Slamet, Anita R. S. Wardani, Santika Sari, Nono Carsono

Jurnal Kultivasi

Padi dengan kandungan amilosa sedang sangat diminati oleh masyarakat Asia dan Dunia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh individu keturunan F7 (yang berasal dari hasil persilangan Sintanur x PTB33 dan Pandanwangi x PTB33) dengan kandungan amilosa sedang. Alat yang digunakan untuk analisis kandungan amilosa yaitu spektrofotometer dengan panjang gelombang 625 nm, sedangkan marka molekuler menggunakan marka Wx. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa SP73-3-1-7 memiliki jumlah tanaman paling banyak yang mengandung amilosa yang sedang (20-24%) berdasarkan marka molekuler dan fenotipik. Kombinasi kedua pengujian ini akurat dalam menyeleksi karakter fisikokimia padi. Abstract. Medium amylose rice is a special type of …


Can A Global Fund Help Solve The Global Marine Plastic Debris Problem?, Karen Raubenheimer, Alistair Mcilgorm Dec 2018

Can A Global Fund Help Solve The Global Marine Plastic Debris Problem?, Karen Raubenheimer, Alistair Mcilgorm

Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics

The problem of marine plastic debris impacts all of the world’s oceans and requires all nations to respond. However, developing States require funds to improve waste management infrastructure and services in order to reduce marine debris at source. Plastics manufacturers and retailers globally must be incentivised to design products for the environment as well as for the collection and end-of-life treatment facilities available within the intended markets. Given the oceans are a global common, we investigate the option of developing a global fund mechanism to progress the necessary actions to reduce plastic waste entering the world’s oceans. This requires consideration …


Ten Years Of Economic Analyses For The European Marine Strategy Framework Directive: Overview Of Experiences And Lessons Learned, Rob Van Der Veeren, Ann Kathrin Buchs, Günter Hörmandinger, Soile Oinonen, Conceição Santos, Max Vretborn Dec 2018

Ten Years Of Economic Analyses For The European Marine Strategy Framework Directive: Overview Of Experiences And Lessons Learned, Rob Van Der Veeren, Ann Kathrin Buchs, Günter Hörmandinger, Soile Oinonen, Conceição Santos, Max Vretborn

Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics

The European Marine Strategy Framework Directive, which came into force in 2008, requires from Member States inter alia to perform various (types of) economic analyses. In order to help Member States to implement this directive, the European working group on Economic and Social Analysis was initiated in 2009. This working group has developed various guidance documents which have been very useful in helping each other to understand the Directive and its requirements, to develop one language, to understand the pros and cons of various approaches, and to share experiences. However, up until now, outside of this working group this information …


Correlation Between Journal Citation Indices For Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Journals, Shakil Ahmad Dec 2018

Correlation Between Journal Citation Indices For Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Journals, Shakil Ahmad

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper investigated the possibility of utilizing SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), Eigenfactor Score and Google H5 index indicator as an alternative to the Journal Impact Factor (JIF) for quality assessment in the field of biochemistry and molecular biology. Principal factors such as researchers and librarians concerns of methods of scientific journal ranking, publication of language, analysis time and self-citation impact are looked into across indicated options and alternatives. The SJR, ES, Google H5 and JIF scores and ranking order of biochemistry and molecular biology journals were downloaded from their relevant websites. Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were gauged to weigh …


Information Technology Application In Health Science Libraries: A Study Of Delhi, Jamal Ahmad Siddiqui Dec 2018

Information Technology Application In Health Science Libraries: A Study Of Delhi, Jamal Ahmad Siddiqui

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The present study covers the changing scenario of libraries with the application of Information Technology. The application of IT is widely visible on every function of the library. The present study deals with the use of IT in different sections of the libraries and also highlights the condition of Human power, gender analysis, qualification and experience of staff, collection development and the infrastructural facilities of Health Science Libraries under study. The results reveal that most of the staff members of libraries are qualified and find that the IT has changed the entire functioning of the libraries and has improved our …


The Effect Of Syntax On Interoperability Among Metadata Standards: Another Step Towards Integrating Information Systems, Seyed Mahdi Taheri, Mahmood Khosrowjerdi Dec 2018

The Effect Of Syntax On Interoperability Among Metadata Standards: Another Step Towards Integrating Information Systems, Seyed Mahdi Taheri, Mahmood Khosrowjerdi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This research aims to find out the effect of syntax on interoperability among metadata standards. The interoperability of “MARC21 in XML (MARCXML)”, “Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS)”, “Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS)”, “Metadata Authority Description Schema (MADS)”, “Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI)”, “PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategy (PREMIS)”, “Technical Metadata for Text (TextMD)”, and “Metadata for Images in XML (MIX)” are examined. The first section of the paper describes the tools and types of interoperability among metadata standards. In the second section, METS is selected as a core standard. Finally, models of how the studied metadata standards interact with each …