Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2018

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 38701 - 38730 of 40538

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

We Shall Not Be Moved: Finding Hope In The Stories Of Elementary School Teachers In Rural Georgia, Allison Beasley Jan 2018

We Shall Not Be Moved: Finding Hope In The Stories Of Elementary School Teachers In Rural Georgia, Allison Beasley

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Many perceive education and teaching as hopeless, so why do some teachers stay in the profession? This dissertation is focused on the stories of veteran public elementary school teachers in rural Georgia who continue to teach in spite of the current seemingly hopeless state of education at the local, state and national level.

The theoretical framework of this inquiry builds upon a wide array of works such as the work of Freire (1994, 1998) and Fromm (2010) on critical hope, as well as, multiple theorists’ work on versions of hope (West, 2004; Giroux, 2013; Duncan-Andrade, 2009; Lear, 2006); the work …


The Classical Versus The Grotesque Body In Edith Wharton's Fiction, Joshua T. Temples Jan 2018

The Classical Versus The Grotesque Body In Edith Wharton's Fiction, Joshua T. Temples

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

In her landmark works The House of Mirth (1905), The Custom of the Country (1913), and The Age of Innocence (1920), Edith Wharton responds to earlier depictions of the classical, pure Victorian and Edwardian woman. Wharton's "inconvenient" women overturn popular stereotypes. Subsequently, they are barred from their social groups, but they are independent, unlike the complicit and obedient women of the classical body, most of whom ascribe to the trope of the "Angel in the House." The grotesque seeks to undercut the unrealistic expectations enforced by the classical through its embodiment of progression and humanity, and Wharton is drawn to …


Functional Analysis Of Tattoos From An Evolutionary Perspective, Elise V. Neville Jan 2018

Functional Analysis Of Tattoos From An Evolutionary Perspective, Elise V. Neville

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Recently, rates of tattooing in the U.S. have surged despite evidence of negative perceptions of individuals with tattoos. Additionally, perceptions appear to vary by target gender, with tattooed women being perceived more negatively than their male counterparts. The purpose of the current research was to examine (a) if perceptions of those with tattoos indeed vary by gender, (b) if tattoos conceivably serve an evolutionary function and (c) if so, do tattoos serve different functions for women and men. An evolutionary approach takes into consideration the purpose an observed behavior may serve for the individual in terms of how it solves …


Examining Work-Related Factors That May Predict Teacher Retention Intention In Rural Georgia, Katrina M. Evans-Dobbs Jan 2018

Examining Work-Related Factors That May Predict Teacher Retention Intention In Rural Georgia, Katrina M. Evans-Dobbs

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

This study utilized a quantitative, statistical, non-experimental design to collect, analyze, and interpret data or variables that might impact retention of beginning teachers (0-3 years of experience) and experienced teachers (more than 3 years of experience) in a rural county school system in Georgia. The following variables were examined: retention intention, job satisfaction, job autonomy, workload pressure, leadership support, work experience, lateral/non-lateral status, induction, and mentoring. There were 728 participants from 14 elementary schools, five middle schools, and four high schools. This study found there were no statistically significant differences in retention intention between lateral and non-lateral teachers. There was …


Lowcountry Identities, Labor, And Material Culture: An Archaeological Survey Of 38ja1138, Zachary W. Dirnberger Jan 2018

Lowcountry Identities, Labor, And Material Culture: An Archaeological Survey Of 38ja1138, Zachary W. Dirnberger

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Archaeologists have long struggled with understanding the relationship between material culture and actual, emic identity. Early practitioners assumed that there was a one-to-one correspondence between the two and that a suite of artifacts recovered archaeologically could be matched with a specific ethnic affiliation or peoples that produced and utilized those artifacts. Later generations of archaeologists challenged this view by demonstrating how mutable and historically situated identity is, and how often material culture crosscuts ethnic boundaries. Historical archaeologists have played a central role in this debate. In this thesis, I examine 38JA1138, a largely undocumented late eighteenth-century site in Jasper County, …


Carving My Own Bench By The Road: Examining The Seats Of Power For Black Women Educators Through Playwriting, Dawn C. Whipple Jan 2018

Carving My Own Bench By The Road: Examining The Seats Of Power For Black Women Educators Through Playwriting, Dawn C. Whipple

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

In my dissertation inquiry, I explore the seats of power held by Black women educators in secondary education public schools in Georgia. Theoretically building upon such works as Black feminist thought (Hill Collins, 2000, e.g., hooks, 1981;), womanism (Walker, 2004; Phillips, 2006), critical race theory (Bell, 1992; Delgado, 1989), and engaged pedagogy (hooks, 1994), I create a play explore the oppression experienced by Black women educators who empower themselves for the benefit of students, in some cases abdicate their power, and in a few instances use their power to oppress others (Freire, 1970). The play is crafted based upon government …


Imperial Anxiety And Irish Myth: A Case-Study Of T.C. Boyle’S Water Music, Connor Mabry Jan 2018

Imperial Anxiety And Irish Myth: A Case-Study Of T.C. Boyle’S Water Music, Connor Mabry

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

There is a long history of returning to a collective past or history during periods of cultural anxiety in human history. In what I term late-imperial anxiety comes a slew of writers returning to mythology and folklore in response to changing cultural and political environments around them. T.C. Boyle is living in a vastly changing America during the 1960s and 70s when he writes and publishes his first novel, Water Music. Boyle participates in the tradition of hearkening to the past to face the future by drawing from popular Irish mythology for his novel. In it he adapts popular …


Sacred And Profane Loves: The Renaissance Influence In C.S. Lewis' Till We Have Faces, Kevin Corr Jan 2018

Sacred And Profane Loves: The Renaissance Influence In C.S. Lewis' Till We Have Faces, Kevin Corr

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

C.S. Lewis’ last novel, Till We Have Faces: A Myth Retold, has often been regarded as his greatest work, but just as often as his most enigmatic work. The purpose of this thesis is to unveil much of the novel’s mystery by considering the impact Renaissance literature had in shaping the novel, most notably Edmund Spenser’s Faerie Queene. Although it is well-known that Lewis was Professor of Medieval and Renaissance Literature at Cambridge, current scholarship on Lewis has overlooked the Renaissance influence in the author’s work, which particularly plays a vital role in Till We Have Faces. …


The Significance Of The Game Of Pool In Ernest Hemingway’S “Soldier’S Home”, Molly J. Donehoo Jan 2018

The Significance Of The Game Of Pool In Ernest Hemingway’S “Soldier’S Home”, Molly J. Donehoo

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

In his 1929 A Farewell to Arms, American Author Ernest Hemingway provides the thesis for all of American Modernism when he writes, “the world breaks everyone and afterward many are strong at the broken places” (216). If the world breaks everyone Hemingway’s focus becomes not in the breaking but in the solutions for becoming strong at the broken places. Throughout his canon Hemingway presents the healing rituals and therapeutic patterns that govern sports and game as a solution to becoming strong at the broken places. While critics have closely analyzed and scrutinized some of his most recognized short-stories, stories …


Old English Character Recognition Using Neural Networks, Sattajit Sutradhar Jan 2018

Old English Character Recognition Using Neural Networks, Sattajit Sutradhar

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Character recognition has been capturing the interest of researchers since the beginning of the twentieth century. While the Optical Character Recognition for printed material is very robust and widespread nowadays, the recognition of handwritten materials lags behind. In our digital era more and more historical, handwritten documents are digitized and made available to the general public. However, these digital copies of handwritten materials lack the automatic content recognition feature of their printed materials counterparts. We are proposing a practical, accurate, and computationally efficient method for Old English character recognition from manuscript images. Our method relies on a modern machine learning …


The Effects Of Alcohol Priming On Age Perception And Attractiveness Ratings, Brooks B. Kolberg Jan 2018

The Effects Of Alcohol Priming On Age Perception And Attractiveness Ratings, Brooks B. Kolberg

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Sexual assault and alcohol have often been linked together (Abbey et.al, 2004; Collins & Messerschmidt, 1993). Also, 29% of rape victims are between the ages of 12 and 17 (Greenfield, 1997). Research suggests people who are more impulsive are more likely to be sexually aggressive (Mouilso, Calhoun, & Rosenbloom, 2013); however, less is known regarding the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between alcohol and sexual assault of minors. This study addressed this knowledge gap by (1) examining the effects of alcohol priming on attractiveness ratings and age perception of individuals who could be perceived as adolescent, and (2) investigating the …


The Relationship Between Teachers' Perception Of Data-Driven Instructional Leadership And Their Sense Of Efficacy And Anxiety For Data-Driven Decision-Making, Jarvis J. Price Jan 2018

The Relationship Between Teachers' Perception Of Data-Driven Instructional Leadership And Their Sense Of Efficacy And Anxiety For Data-Driven Decision-Making, Jarvis J. Price

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the relationship between teachers’ perception of data-driven instructional leadership and their sense of self-efficacy and anxiety towards data-driven decision-making. Additionally, the research study examined if teachers’ school level (elementary or secondary) influenced their perception of data-driven instructional leadership and their sense of self-efficacy and anxiety towards data-driven decision-making. The researcher utilized a correlational research design and correlational/regression analysis to conduct this study based on the theoretical framework of Bandura’s social learning theory. The researcher surveyed 300 full-time certified educators in a rural school district located in the southeastern United States using the …


(Re)Learning To Question: Curriculum Studies And (Re)Thinking Science For The 21st Century, Anthony Jerome Stawiery Jan 2018

(Re)Learning To Question: Curriculum Studies And (Re)Thinking Science For The 21st Century, Anthony Jerome Stawiery

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation proposes a science literacy which revisits the nature of science and how it has fallen away from its inquiry-based roots and has become a tool for oppression and exclusion. The epistemological roots of science begin with curiosity and questioning. Asking questions is also foundational to democratic society. A critical science literacy emphasizes the need to question and to remain curious. Such skills can be incorporated across multiple disciplines. Therefore, this dissertation proposes science literacy not as a literacy in the life or physical sciences, but as a methodology of inquiry, a skillset that nurtures curiosity and strengthens critique. …


The Exertion Of A Choice: An Ecofeminist Vision ~ Aesthetic, Embodied, And Connected Learning, Sharon M. Eswine Jan 2018

The Exertion Of A Choice: An Ecofeminist Vision ~ Aesthetic, Embodied, And Connected Learning, Sharon M. Eswine

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

In this dissertation, I build upon Darwin’s (1859/1964) metaphor of the complex biological tangle of a river bank - plants, birds, insects, and earth - to paint a picture of transformative learning as aesthetic (Dewey, 1934/2005; Eisner, 1998, 2002b; Greene, 1995, 2001; Liston, 2001), and embodied (Dewey, 1958; Johnson, 2007; Shusterman, 2006), and thereby connected to the learner’s life experience, including his/her/their ecological, cultural, and historic situatedness. I call this complication of Darwin’s metaphor the ecofeminist tangled bank. For my purposes, an ecofeminist theoretical framework provides a means of analyzing oppressive conceptual frameworks that perpetuate hierarchy and domination, and which …


Deviating From The Standard: The Relationship Between Archaeology And Public Education, Rhianna M. Bennett Jan 2018

Deviating From The Standard: The Relationship Between Archaeology And Public Education, Rhianna M. Bennett

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Recent studies of the public perception of archaeology shows that while it is a popular and valued discipline, it is still greatly misunderstood. Over the last few decades, archaeologists have sought new and innovative ways to establish archaeological literacy, promote community engagement, and conduct outreach, with the K-12 classroom being one such avenue of focus. Archaeology’s mysterious and exciting reputation among the general public, along with its interdisciplinary applicability, allows educators to draw interest in students and teach a variety of lessons through the lens of archaeology. This thesis outlines survey results of educators and archaeologists on their method, frequency, …


"I'M Done!" Stories Of Veteran Teachers Driven Out Of The Profession, Jill L. Stassie Jan 2018

"I'M Done!" Stories Of Veteran Teachers Driven Out Of The Profession, Jill L. Stassie

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

My dissertation inquiry builds upon the works of Nancy Hoffman (1977/2003), Madeleine Grumet (1981, 1988) and Dana Goldstein (2014) to examine the enduring effects of the feminization of teaching on the profession. My research question asks, “How do former teachers describe the emotional, social-political conditions that contributed to their exit of their teaching in public schools?” Utilizing narrative inquiry as the methodology, I interviewed four teachers who recently left the profession. I also collected archival data to provide the history and context of teaching.

This study provides a detailed account of what teachers face daily in their classrooms and schools …


Eagle Educator, Georgia Southern University Jan 2018

Eagle Educator, Georgia Southern University

College of Education: News & Publications (2003-2023)

  • Changes in the College of Education
  • Join Bruce Field ...
  • Synovus Lends EAGLE Academy More Than Just Financial Assistance
  • Institute hosts several opportunities for regional involvement
  • School Psychology Program Receives NASP Approval
  • Year-Long Field Placement Offers New Benefits To Student Teachers
  • Educator Brings Federal-Level Training to Statesboro-Bulloch County Law Enforcement
  • Faculty Awards, Honors and Promotions
  • Fox Receives 2017 COE Staff Award
  • Two COE Faculty Named University Excellence Award Recipients
  • Four Faculty Members Recognized for Jack Miller Awards
  • Georgia Southern and Synovus recognize educators during football season
  • Cartee Honored as College of Education Alumna of the Year
  • Student Veteran Finds Second …


Fast Direct Equivalence Principle Algorithm For Multi-Scale Electromagnetic Problems, Qin S. Liu, Qi Dai, Tian Xia, Ting Wan, Li (Lijun) Jun Jiang, Sheng Sun, Weng Cho Chew Jan 2018

Fast Direct Equivalence Principle Algorithm For Multi-Scale Electromagnetic Problems, Qin S. Liu, Qi Dai, Tian Xia, Ting Wan, Li (Lijun) Jun Jiang, Sheng Sun, Weng Cho Chew

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Equivalence principle algorithm is proposed to integrated with hierarchical matrix based fast direct solver in order to solve deep multi-scale problem accurately and efficiently. Additionally, model order reduction techniques are applied to the equivalence principle algorithm to further reduce the computational complexities.


Machine Learning Based Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm, Jia Jing Sun, Sheng Sun, Yongpin Chen, Li (Lijun) Jun Jiang Jan 2018

Machine Learning Based Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm, Jia Jing Sun, Sheng Sun, Yongpin Chen, Li (Lijun) Jun Jiang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, a novel translator calculation method for the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) is proposed based on a machine learning approach. The generalized regression neural networks are introduced to fit the translation function of MLFMA during the procedure of eletromagnetic scattering analysis. Compared to the traditional method, the new method inherits advantages of the generalized regression neural networks (GRNN) and can approximate the translator with high accuracy simultaneously. As an example, a two-level 2D MLFMA for a perfect electrically conductor (PEC) is finally implemented and the translators are reconstructed by using the proposed model. The numerical results validate …


Machine Learning Based Neural Network Solving Methods For The Fdtd Method, He Ming Yao, Li (Lijun) Jun Jiang Jan 2018

Machine Learning Based Neural Network Solving Methods For The Fdtd Method, He Ming Yao, Li (Lijun) Jun Jiang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, two novel computational processes are proposed to solve Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) based on machine learning deep neural networks. The field and boundary conditions are employed to establish recurrent neural network FDTD (RNN-FDTD) model and convolution neural network FDTD (CNN-FDTD) model respectively. Numerical examples from scalar wave equations are provided to benchmark the performance of the proposed methods. The results demonstrate that the newly proposed methods could solve FDTD steps with satisfactory accuracy. According to our knowledge, these are unreported new approaches for machine learning based FDTD solving methods.


Detection Of Orbital Angular Momentum With Metasurface At Microwave Band, Menglin L.N. Chen, Li (Lijun) Jun Jiang, Wei E.I. Sha Jan 2018

Detection Of Orbital Angular Momentum With Metasurface At Microwave Band, Menglin L.N. Chen, Li (Lijun) Jun Jiang, Wei E.I. Sha

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An orbital angular momentum (OAM) detection approach at microwave band is proposed. A transmittance function is exploited to model a transmissive metasurface. Then, the metasurface is designed to convert an OAM wave to multiple waves, only one of which is Gaussian. The radiation direction of the Gaussian wave is distinguishable according to the order of incident OAM. Consequently, by locating the Gaussian wave, the incident OAM can be conveniently determined. We use a simple field source to simulate the incident OAM wave in full-wave simulation. It largely simplifies the simulation process when an incident wave carrying OAM is needed. Both …


The Role Of Adult Day Services In Supporting The Occupational Participation Of People With Dementia And Their Carers: An Integrative Review, Janice Du Preez, J. L. Millsteed, Ruth Marquis, Janet Richmond Jan 2018

The Role Of Adult Day Services In Supporting The Occupational Participation Of People With Dementia And Their Carers: An Integrative Review, Janice Du Preez, J. L. Millsteed, Ruth Marquis, Janet Richmond

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The increasing numbers of people with dementia places considerable stress on health and aged care services and has resulted in the development of community adult day services. Aim: The aim of this integrative review is to determine the extent to which these services support the occupational participation of people with dementia, and how they impact their primary carers. Method: The mixed-methods appraisal tool (MMAT) was used to identify relevant studies in the period 2011–2016. Results: Nine databases were searched and yielded 16 articles with a variety of research designs for inclusion in the review. Conclusions: Findings …


A Multicultural Education Praxis: Integrating Past And Present, Living Theories, And Practice, Peggy A. Shannon-Baker Jan 2018

A Multicultural Education Praxis: Integrating Past And Present, Living Theories, And Practice, Peggy A. Shannon-Baker

Curriculum, Foundations & Reading: Faculty Publications

In our current climate of heightened conservatism and criticism, multicultural education is as important as ever. This article argues for the need to reframe multicultural education as a praxis based on its social justice- oriented principles, values, and practices. Using practitioner action research, I examine my implementation of such a praxis in a college course. I discuss critical reflections on demonstrating the interconnections between current and historical social movements, theory and lived experiences, and the students’ and my learning. I conclude by arguing that reframing multicultural education as a praxis could encourage more coalitions within and beyond schools.


Monitoring And Managing Fatigue In Basketball, Toby Edwards, Tania Spiteri, Benjamin Piggott, Joshua Bonhotal, G. Gregory Haff, Christopher Joyce Jan 2018

Monitoring And Managing Fatigue In Basketball, Toby Edwards, Tania Spiteri, Benjamin Piggott, Joshua Bonhotal, G. Gregory Haff, Christopher Joyce

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The sport of basketball exposes athletes to frequent high intensity movements including sprinting, jumping, accelerations, decelerations and changes of direction during training and competition which can lead to acute and accumulated chronic fatigue. Fatigue may affect the ability of the athlete to perform over the course of a lengthy season. The ability of practitioners to quantify the workload and subsequent fatigue in basketball athletes in order to monitor and manage fatigue levels may be beneficial in maintaining high levels of performance and preventing unfavorable physical and physiological training adaptations. There is currently limited research quantifying training or competition workload outside …


Fish Are Smart And Feel Pain: What About Joy?, Becca Franks, Jeff Sebo, Alexandra Horowitz Jan 2018

Fish Are Smart And Feel Pain: What About Joy?, Becca Franks, Jeff Sebo, Alexandra Horowitz

Animal Sentience

Sneddon et al. rightly point out that the evidence of fish pain is now so strong and comprehensive that arguments against it have become increasingly difficult to defend in balanced academic discourse. But sentience involves more than just pain. Recent research indicates that fish have an impressive range of cognitive capacities, including the capacity for pleasure, in the form of play and other behaviors likely to involve positively valenced experience. Having made the case for pain, research can now focus on other aspects of fish sentience. Doing so will not only provide a more complete picture of the mental lives …


The Origins (And Fragility) Of Judicial Independence, Tara Leigh Grove Jan 2018

The Origins (And Fragility) Of Judicial Independence, Tara Leigh Grove

Articles

The federal judiciary today takes certain things for granted Political actors will not attempt to remove Article III judges outside the impeachment process they will not obstruct federal court orders and they will not tinker with the Supreme Court's size in order to pack it with likeminded Justices And yet a closer look reveals that these "selfevident truths" of judicial independence are neither selfevident nor necessary implications of our constitutional text structure and history This Article demonstrates that many government officials once viewed these courtcurbing measures as not only constitutionally permissible but also desirable and politically viable methods of "checking" …


U.P. Los Baños Journal, Volume 16 Jan 2018

U.P. Los Baños Journal, Volume 16

U.P. Los Baños Journal

Articles:

1. Application of information technology in facilitating the delivery of student services of the UPLB Office of Student Affairs

2. A phenomenological approach to the institutionalisation of gender and development at the municipal level

3. Perceived effect of the FDS seminars on familial relationship among Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4PS) beneficiaries in Bay, Laguna, Philippines

4. Talk like (wo)man: analyzing Donald Trump's tweets and selected campaign speeches

5. Ang kaangkupan ng mga pelikulang maghatid ng pilosopiya sa silid-aralan: isang pagsusuri

6. An exploration of adolescent personality structure: implications on policy development and practice

7. Covariates of acute respiratory infection …


Daniel Defoe's Protestant Roman Catholics. Global Religion, Colonialism, And The Limits Of Toleration In The Farther Adventures Of Robinson Crusoe, David Alvarez Jan 2018

Daniel Defoe's Protestant Roman Catholics. Global Religion, Colonialism, And The Limits Of Toleration In The Farther Adventures Of Robinson Crusoe, David Alvarez

English Faculty publications

In Daniel Defoe's The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (1719), the Protestant protagonist treats Roman Catholics with a friendly tolerance, which seems at odds with his violence towards idolaters. Placing the novel within the history of secularity reveals that Crusoe can tolerate Roman Catholics because their religion is represented in Protestant terms. In his global travels, an implicit Protestantism shapes his understanding of "religion," which cannot accommodate idolaters. To promote a proper form of religion that he can tolerate, Crusoe turns to violence.


Treaty Self-Execution As “Foreign” Foreign Relations Law?, Duncan B. Hollis, Carlos Manuel Vázquez Jan 2018

Treaty Self-Execution As “Foreign” Foreign Relations Law?, Duncan B. Hollis, Carlos Manuel Vázquez

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

This contribution to the Oxford Handbook on Comparative Foreign Relations considers how a state’s approach to foreign relations problems may have an external origin, or what we call “foreign” Foreign Relations Law (FFRL). Using the distinction between self-executing and non-self-executing treaties as a case study, we find close parallels between manifestations of this distinction in various states and how it evolved in the United States, where the distinction was first articulated. The chapter explores whether these parallels reflect the distinction’s transplantation from one legal system to another or the organic development of similar doctrines to address similar problems within the …


International Students’ Expectations Of Information Literacy Instruction, Nicole Johnston, Meggan Houlihan, Jodi Neindorf Jan 2018

International Students’ Expectations Of Information Literacy Instruction, Nicole Johnston, Meggan Houlihan, Jodi Neindorf

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This paper presents the findings of a case study that investigated international university students’ expectations and experiences of information literacy across two countries. The results from this case study provide insights that can be utilized by librarians working with international students, to plan and develop their information literacy instruction classes and programs. Armed with an awareness of what international students’ expectations and experiences with information literacy programs are, librarians can develop more meaningful instruction that better meets the information needs of international students. Moving beyond the pilot survey, the researchers aim to improve the survey instrument and collaborate with librarians …