Digital Commons Network^™

Effects Of Pitfall Trap Preservative On Collections Of Carabid Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Kenneth W. Mccravy, Jason E. Willand

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Effects of six pitfall trap preservatives (5% acetic acid solution, distilled water, 70% ethanol, 50% ethylene glycol solution, 50% propylene glycol solution, and 10% saline solution) on collections of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) were studied in a west-central Illinois deciduous forest from May to October 2005. A total of 819 carabids, representing 33 species and 19 genera, were collected. Saline produced significantly fewer captures than did acetic acid, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol, while distilled water produced significantly fewer captures than did acetic acid. Significant associations between numbers of captures and treatment were seen in four species: Amphasia interstitialis …

Why Are There So Few Insect Predators Of Nuts Of American Beech (Fagus Grandifolia)?, Charles E. Williams

The Great Lakes Entomologist

American beech, Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., is a common nut-bearing tree of eastern North America. Compared to other North American nut-bearing tree species of comparable geographic range, the nut-infesting insect fauna of American beech is species-poor: only the filbertworn, Cydia latiferreana (Wlsm.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), infests nuts of American beech. Why are there so few insect predators of nuts of American beech? Using data from published studies, I explore two hypotheses that may help to explain the species-poor nut-infesting insect fauna of American beech. First, might chemical defense of beechnuts, and/ or low nutritional value, restrict the number of insect predators that …

Present And Future Thermal Environments Available To Sharp-Tailed Grouse In An Intact Grassland, Edward J. Raynor, Larkin Powell, Walter H. Schacht

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Better understanding animal ecology in terms of thermal habitat use has become a focus of ecological studies, in large part due to the predicted temperature increases associated with global climate change. To further our knowledge on how ground-nesting endotherms respond to thermal landscapes, we examined the thermal ecology of Sharp-tailed Grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus) during the nesting period. We measured site-specific iButton temperatures (TiB) and vegetation characteristics at nest sites, nearby random sites, and landscape sites to assess thermal patterns at scales relevant to nesting birds. We asked if microhabitat vegetation characteristics at nest sites matched the characteristics that directed macrohabitat …

Mode And Rate Of Evolution Of Haemosporidian Mitochondrial Genomes: Timing The Radiation Of Avian Parasites, Patricia Parker, M Pacheco, Nubia Matta, Gediminas Valkiūnas, Beatriz Mello, Craig Stanley, Miguel Lentino, Maria Garcia-Amado, Michael Cranfield, Sergei Pond, Ananias Escalante

Biology Department Faculty Works

Haemosporidians are a diverse group of vector-borne parasitic protozoa that includes the agents of human malaria; however, most of the described species are found in birds and reptiles. Although our understanding of these parasites’ diversity has expanded by analyses of their mitochondrial genes, there is limited information on these genes’ evolutionary rates. Here, 114 mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) were studied from species belonging to four genera: Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, Hepatocystis, and Plasmodium. Contrary to previous assertions, the mtDNA is phylogenetically informative. The inferred phylogeny showed that, like the genus Plasmodium, the Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus genera are not monophyletic groups. Although sensitive to …

Role Of Nutritional Factors In Pathogenesis Of Cancer, Anita Patel, Yashwant Pathak, Jayvadan Patel, Vijaykumar B. Sutariya

Pharmacy Faculty Publications

Diet and nutrition are crucial factors throughout the complete life course in the promotion and upholding of good health. It has always been accepted that our defencelessness to infection and disease was influenced by diet and environmental as well as genetic factors. Nutrition is coming to the front position as a principle modifiable determinant of chronic disease, with scientific confirmation with time more supporting the view that alterations in diet have strong effects, equally positive as well as negative, on health throughout life. For the most part notably, nutritional adjustments may not only influence present health but also determine whether …

Core Competencies For Successful Watershed Management Practitioners, Vikram Koundinya, Anne Baird, Jenna Klink, Lois Wolfson, Jane Frankenberger, Joseph Bonnell, Rebecca Power

Journal of Extension

We surveyed participants from three watershed leadership education programs to identify competencies critical to successful watershed management. Participants rated 26 competency areas identified from literature and watershed education curricula for extent of criticality and listed additional competencies needed for successful watershed management. On the basis of those ratings and listings, we propose that competency in the following areas is required: establishing and maintaining partnerships/collaborating, outreach and communication, project and organizational management, landowner interaction/interpersonal skills, facilitative leadership, and, possibly, developing and maintaining a vision for the future. Our findings have implications for designing professional development activities and developing position descriptions for …

A Friend Unmasked: Notes On Chauliognathus Pensylvanicus (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) And The Nature Of Natural History, Andrew H. Williams

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Data from field observations from 1992 through 2006 and from museum specimens of adult Chauliognathus pensylvanicus (DeGeer) from Wisconsin are presented here, with information from the literature. Beetles were found using flowers of 183 species in 29 families growing outside cultivation in Wisconsin and in every Wisconsin county. All evidence supports the characterization of C. pensylvanicus as a prairie insect that also lives in other, early successional plant communities.

Tomicus Piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Reproduction And Development In Scots, Jack, Red And Eastern White Pine Under Laboratory Conditions, Hui Ye, Robert A. Haack, Toby R. Petrice

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is an exotic bark beetle in North America that was first found in the Great Lakes region in 1992. We evaluated T. piniperda reproduction and development in one Eurasian pine (Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L.) and three North American pines (jack pine, P. banksiana Lamb.; red pine, P. resinosa Ait.; and eastern white pine, P. strobus L.) under laboratory conditions. We introduced one pair of adults into individual pine bolts, allowed development, collected brood, and later debarked all bolts and measured galleries. Reproduction and development occurred in all pine species tested. …

Parks As Places Of Public Solace: The Perception Of Parks After 9/11, Ryan Hammond

The Pegasus Review: UCF Undergraduate Research Journal

This paper investigates the utilization and public perception of parks in New York City following the 9/11 attacks, using a quantitative content analysis of local newspapers published within a year of the attack, specifically looking for themes indicating how parks were perceived and used. My preliminary findings indicate that parks were frequently used for large gatherings and memorials, that people found solace in the parks themselves, and that communities either formed or strengthened through use of parks following the attacks. In conclusion, the creation and promotion of large common green areas in urban spaces may serve as a means of …

Effects Of Feral Horse Herds On Rangeland Plant Communities Across A Precipitation Gradient, Lauren E. Baur, Kathryn A. Schoenecker, Melinda D. Smith

Western North American Naturalist

Feral horses are widespread in the western United States, with the majority of feral horse herds found in the Great Basin. There is a federal mandate to manage these herds in order to maintain “ecological balance”; however, understanding of the specific effects of feral horse grazing on rangeland plant communities in this region is incomplete. To address this research gap, we utilized long-term grazing exclosures and fenceline contrasts to evaluate the impacts of feral horses on several plant community variables (diversity, richness, dominance, and biomass) and species composition. Because the effects of grazing can vary with site precipitation and productivity, …

Horizon Scanning: Survey And Research Priorities For Cultural, Historical, And Paleobiological Resources Of Santa Cruz Island, California, Torben C. Rick, Todd J. Braje, Jon M. Erlandson, Kristina M. Gill, Laura Kirn, Lynn Mclaren-Dewey

Western North American Naturalist

Santa Cruz Island contains a remarkable array of cultural and biological resources and a rich tradition of research across the social and biological sciences and humanities. Given dramatic changes in climate forecast in the coming decades of the Anthropocene, however, many questions remain about the sustainability and future of island ecosystems and cultural resources. Here, we focus on a new interdisciplinary initiative, Island Rediscovery (IR), that was the subject of 2 recent workshops. Drawing on a variety of disciplines and approaches, IR seeks to utilize research on Santa Cruz Island’s past and present to help better prepare for the future …

Ecological Notes On Species Of Cleridae (Insecta: Coleoptera) Associated With The Prairie Flora Of Central North America, Jonathan R. Mawdsley

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The association of eighteen species of Cleridae (Coleoptera) with tallgrass and shortgrass prairie ecosystems in central North America is reported for the first time. New flower visitation, habitat association, distribution, and/or rearing records are reported for Enoclerus analis (LeConte), E. coccineus coccineus (Schenkling), E. cordifer (LeConte), E. rosmarus (Say), E. zonatus (Klug), Placopterus thoracicus pallipes (Wolcott), Trichodes bibalteatus LeConte, T. bicinctus Green, T. nutalli (Kirby), Phyllobaenus dubius (Wolcott), P. knausii (Wickham), P. pubescens (LeConte), P. subfasciatus (LeConte), Isohydnocera albocincta (Horn), I. brunnea (Horn), I. curtipennis (Newman), I. tricondylae (LeConte) and Wolcottia pedalis (LeConte). Diagnostic characters are presented to separate adults …

A Prospective Study Of Frequency Of Eating Restaurant Prepared Meals And Subsequent 9-Year Risk Of All-Cause And Cardiometabolic Mortality In Us Adults, Ashima K. Kant, Barry I. Graubard

Publications and Research

Restaurant prepared foods are known to be energy-dense and high in fat and sodium, but lower in protective nutrients. There is evidence of higher risk of adiposity, type II diabetes, and heart disease in frequent consumers of restaurant meals. However, the risk of mortality as a long-term health consequence of frequent consumption of restaurant meals has not been examined. We examined the prospective risk of all-cause and coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and diabetes (cardiometabolic) mortality in relation to frequency of eating restaurant prepared meals in a national cohort. We used frequency of eating restaurant prepared meals information collected in …

New Records Of Rhopalosomatidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) From Wisconsin, Steven J. Krauth

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The rhopalosomatid Olixon banksii is recorded from Wisconsin for the first time.

Richness And Abundance Of Carabidae And Staphylinidae (Coleoptera), In Northeastern Dairy Pastures Under Intensive Grazing, R. A. Byers, G. M. Barker, R. L. Davidson, E. R. Hoebeke, M A. Sanderson

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Dairy cattle has become popular to dairy farmers in the Northeast looking for management schemes to cut production costs. Carabidae (ground beetles) and Staphylinidae (rove beetles) are indicators of habitat disturbances, such as drainage of wetlands, or grassland for grazing animals, and their monitoring could provide one measure of ecosystem sustainability if intensive management systems expand or intensify in the future. Our objective was assess the abundance and species richness of these two beetle families under intensive grazing throughout Pennsylvania, southern New York and Vermont. We collected 4365 ground beetles (83 species) and 4,027 rove beetles (79 species) by pitfall …

Dispersal And Re-Capture Of Marked, Overwintering Tomicus Piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) From Scotch Pine Bolts, A. V. Barak, D. Mcgrevy, G. Tokaya

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The pine shoot beetle (PSB), Tomicus piniperda is a recently established exotic pest of live pine in the southern Great Lakes of the U.S. and Canada. Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris L. is the most susceptible pine species, but the adult also attacks several other North American species of Pinus. This research investigated the dispersal behavior of beetles emerging from overwintering sites to aid in the development of effective monitoring and management practices. Scotch pine logs with overwintering PSB were sprayed with fluorescent pigments to mark dispersing beetles. These logs were placed in piles in the centers of three circular …

Seasonal Shoot-Feeding By Tomicus Piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) In Michigan, Robert A. Haack, Robert K. Lawrence, George C. Heaton

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Seasonal shoot-feeding by Tomicus piniperda (L.) was monitored at 2­ week intervals on 15 Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris L., trees from 8 April through 16 November 1994 in southern Michigan. All shoots that showed evidence of T. piniperda attack were removed every two weeks. In 1994, initial spring flight of T. piniperda began on 22 March. At least two live T. piniperda adults were found on the 15 trees on each sampling date from 8 April through 1 November 1994. In addition, at least one freshly attacked, beetle- free shoot was found on each sampling date except for 1 November. …

Tomicus Piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae): Is Shoot Feeding Required For Reproductive Maturation?, Therese M. Poland, Robert A. Haack

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is a univoltine pest of pine in its native range of Europe and Asia. Tomicus piniperda is now widely established in the Great Lakes region and poses a potentially significant threat to other pine-producing areas in North America. An unusual aspect of the life history of T. piniperda is the extended period of maturation-feeding that takes place in the shoots of living pine trees and subsequent overwintering before adults reproduce the following year. We investigated the extent to which shoot-feeding is required by newly-emerged T. piniperda before introduction into Scotch pine (Pinus …

New Canadian Records Of Asilidae (Diptera) From An Endangered Ontario Ecosystem, Jeffrey H. Skevington

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The Asilidae (Diptera) of Bosanquet (northern Lambton County, Ontario) are surveyed. Forty-one species are recorded. Twelve species are published for the first time from Canada: Atomosia puella, Cerotainia albipilosa, Cerotainia macrocera, Holcocephala calva, Holopogon (Holopogon) oriens, Laphria canis, Laphria divisor, Laphria grossa, Lasiopogon opaculus, Machimus notatus, Machimus sadyates, and Neomochtherus auricomus. These species plus the following four are new to Ontario: Laphystia flavipes, Lasiopogon tetragrammus, Machimus novaescotiae, and Proctacanthella ca­copiloga.

Habitat Characterization Of Five Rare Insects In Michigan (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae, Riodinidae, Satyridae; Homoptera: Cercopidae), Keith S. Summerville, Christopher A. Clampitt

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Over 80 species of insects are listed as endangered, threatened, or special concern under Michigan's endangered species act. For the majority of these species, detailed habitat information is scant or difficult to interpret. We describe the habitat of five insect species that are considered rare in Michigan: Lepyronia angulifera (Cercopidae), Prosapia ignipectus (Cercopidae), Oarisma poweshiek (Hesperiidae), Calephelis mutica (Riodinidae), and Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii (Satyridae). Populations of each species were only found within a fraction of the plant communities deemed suitable based upon previous literature. Furthermore, individuals of each species were observed to be closely affiliated with just a few vegetation …

Sex Ratio And Sexual Dimorphism In Formica Exsectoides, The Allegheny Mound Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), H. C. Rowe, C. M. Bristow

The Great Lakes Entomologist

We excavated 66 mounds from 6 populations of Formica exsectoides in Michigan jack pine, collecting sexual caste pupae for sex ratio estimates and measurement of dimorphism. Reproductive caste brood was present in only 37 ofthe 66 mounds, and presence of reproductive caste brood was associated with larger mound surface area. Females were heavier than males, but did not differ from males in energy density. Sexes did not differ in timing or rate of development. Sex ratio estimates based on individual mounds ranged from 1.0 (all male) to 0.08 (female·biased). Four of the six study populations were strongly male·biased, while sex …

Ground Beetle Range Extensions: Six New Ohio Records (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Foster Forbes Purrington, R. Chris Stanton, David J. Horn

The Great Lakes Entomologist

We newly report six ground beetles from Ohio, comprising Badister parviceps, Stenolophus dissimilis, Harpalus somnulentus, Pentagonica fiavipes, Agonum albicrus, and Lebia collaris.

The Relationship Between Observational Scale And Explained Variance In Benthic Communities, Alison M. Flanagan, Roger D. Flood, Michael G. Frisk, Corey D. Garza, Glenn R. Lopez, Nicole P. Maher, Robert M. Cerrato

School of Natural Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study addresses the impact of spatial scale on explaining variance in benthic communities. In particular, the analysis estimated the fraction of community variation that occurred at a spatial scale smaller than the sampling interval (i.e., the geographic distance between samples). This estimate is important because it sets a limit on the amount of community variation that can be explained based on the spatial configuration of a study area and sampling design. Six benthic data sets were examined that consisted of faunal abundances, common environmental variables (water depth, grain size, and surficial percent cover), and sonar backscatter treated as a …

Race And “Hotspots” Of Preventable Hospitalizations, Caryn N. Bell, Janice V. Bowie, Roland J. Thorpe Jr.

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Abstract

Preventable hospitalizations (PHs) are those for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions that indicate insufficiencies in local primary healthcare. PH rates tend to be higher among African Americans, in urban centers, rural areas and areas with more African American residents. The objective of this study is to determine geographic clusters of high PH rates (“spatial clusters”) by race. Data from Maryland hospitals were utilized to determine the rates of PHs in zip code tabulation areas (ZCTAs) by race in 2010. Geographic clusters of ZCTAs with higher than expected PH rates were identified using Scan Statistic and Anselin’s Local Moran’s I. 10 PH …

Chapter 008 - Tropics, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Volume 4: Habitat and Role

Explore the contents of Bryophyte Ecology, Volume 4, Chapter 8 - Tropics by clicking the links above. For the Contents section of this ebook, as well as Volumes 1 through 5, please visit the Bryophyte Ecology Main Page.

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Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists.

Volume 4, Chapter 8-1: Tropics: General Ecology, Janice M. Glime, S. R. Gradstein

Bryophyte Ecology Subchapters

No abstract provided.

Volume 4, Chapter 8-3: Tropics: Epiphyte Ecology, Part 1, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Subchapters

No abstract provided.

Volume 4, Chapter 8-2: Tropics: Geographic Diversity Differences, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Subchapters

No abstract provided.

Volume 4, Chapter 8-5: Tropics: Epiphyte Geographic Diversity, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Subchapters

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Patch Size And Basal Area On Avian Taxonomic And Functional Diversity In Pine Forests: Implication For The Influence Of Habitat Quality On The Species–Area Relationship, Myung-Bok Lee, John P. Carroll

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Relationships between avian diversity and habitat area are assumed to be positive; however, often little attention has given to how these relationships can be influenced by the habitat structure or quality. In addition, other components of biodiversity, such as functional diversity, are often overlooked in assessing habitat patch value. In the Sandhills Ecoregion of Georgia, USA, we investigated the relationship between avian species richness and functional diversity, forest basal area, and patch size in pine forests using basal area as a surrogate for overstory structure which in turn impacts vegetation structure and determines habitat quality within a patch. We conducted …