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2018

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Investigating Faculty Across The Disciplines Perceptions And Practices Of Reflective Writing In Community Engaged Courses: A Comparative Study, Marcela Hebbard Dec 2018

Investigating Faculty Across The Disciplines Perceptions And Practices Of Reflective Writing In Community Engaged Courses: A Comparative Study, Marcela Hebbard

Theses and Dissertations

Recently, research in composition studies and Writing Across the Curriculum (WAC) has focused on understanding better how student reflective practices assist on their transfer of writing knowledge across contexts (Yancey et al., 2014; Taczak & Robertson, 2017, Lindenman et al., 2018). However, not much research has been done that investigates faculty beliefs and practices about reflective writing, how they use it to measure student outcomes and achievement in community engaged courses and the implications this might have for the transfer of knowledge and practice of writing. This study draws primarily on activity theory to better understand whether there is a …

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The Emperor's New Clothes: How The New Atheists Are Reminding The Humanities Of Their Place And Purpose In Society., David Ira Buckner Dec 2018

The Emperor's New Clothes: How The New Atheists Are Reminding The Humanities Of Their Place And Purpose In Society., David Ira Buckner

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation will examine the social and intellectual impact of the so-called “New Atheism” as evidenced by the writings and public careers of its four principal protagonists: evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins, philosopher Daniel Dennett, journalist Christopher Hitchens, and neuroscientist Sam Harris. I will argue that the New Atheists together provide an account of reality philosophically superior to that of theism, including those superficially sophisticated variations espoused in the writings of scholars William Lane Craig, John Lennox, Allister McGrath, Alvin Plantinga, etc. Yet, even if this were not so, I would still contend that the accessible, informative, and provocative style of …

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Particulate Hexavalent Chromium Does Not Induce Centrosome Amplification In Sperm Whale And Bowhead Whale Cells., Jennifer Haruka Toyoda Dec 2018

Particulate Hexavalent Chromium Does Not Induce Centrosome Amplification In Sperm Whale And Bowhead Whale Cells., Jennifer Haruka Toyoda

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a widespread environmental and occupational carcinogen. The mechanism of carcinogenesis remains poorly understood, but chromosome instability (CIN) is the dominant theory. How numerical CIN arises is unclear, but it correlates with centrosome amplification. Both phenotypes are hallmarks of cancers, early events in carcinogenesis, and have been shown to occur after Cr(VI) exposure to human skin and lung fibroblasts. In this study, we investigate numerical CIN and centrosome amplification in whale cells. Whales are our closest marine relatives, have long lifespans, and are exposed to environmental Cr(VI). Importantly, they have low cancer rates and cell culture studies …

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Aqueous Ozone Inactivation Of Viruses And Bacteria On Biotic And Abiotic Surfaces, Cailin Dawley Dec 2018

Aqueous Ozone Inactivation Of Viruses And Bacteria On Biotic And Abiotic Surfaces, Cailin Dawley

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Produce is susceptible to contamination by foodborne pathogens. Food service establishments utilize sanitizing agents to reduce microbes on produce surfaces. The research objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous ozone 1) on the inactivation of viruses and bacteria on produce; 2) on the inactivation of viruses on stainless steel; and 3) against viruses in association with bacteria on produce surfaces. For objective 1, Boston bibb lettuce and cherry tomatoes were spot inoculated with a cocktail of viruses (murine norovirus (MNV) and MS2 bacteriophage) or bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus cereus) and washed for 40 min with samples taken every …

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Washington Park Cemetery: The History And Legacies Of A Sacred Space, Terri Williams Dec 2018

Washington Park Cemetery: The History And Legacies Of A Sacred Space, Terri Williams

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Washington Park Cemetery (WPC) is an historically African American cemetery that has struggled to endure countless years of mistreatment and negligence. It is important to identify not only the cemetery itself as sacred, but also the legacies and stories of those who are laid to rest in the space. Provided is a comprehensive history of the once prominent African American cemetery that examines its origins, various controversies, and current physical state. Since the history of this cemetery has never been collected and compiled into a comprehensive document, this research serves as a historical tool that allows individuals to learn about …

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The Key To Academic Success: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study On First- Generation African American Students Who Successfully Graduated From A Predominantly White Institution, Latoya Blount Dec 2018

The Key To Academic Success: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study On First- Generation African American Students Who Successfully Graduated From A Predominantly White Institution, Latoya Blount

Education Doctoral

First-generation African American students are graduating from college at lower rates than their White counterparts. Researchers have identified factors such as having kids, being a minority, and socioeconomic status as reasons that may hinder a first-generation African American student from completing college. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that led to the academic success of first-generation African American students from predominantly White institutions. The study employed qualitative methodology, specifically, a phenomenological approach. It found that first-generation African American graduates succeeded by being involved in clubs, student government, being an athlete or a Resident Assistant. This study also …

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From Public Ideology To Socio-Material Reproduction Of Agile Principles: The Case Of Pivotal Labs, Erica L. Wagner, Sue Newell, Neil Ramiller, Jeanne Enders Dec 2018

From Public Ideology To Socio-Material Reproduction Of Agile Principles: The Case Of Pivotal Labs, Erica L. Wagner, Sue Newell, Neil Ramiller, Jeanne Enders

Business Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper focuses on how regular invocation of a public ideology helps sustain local work practices. Existing research acknowledges that there is a recursive relationship between the local practices and the public ideas, with local practices leading to the adaption of public ideas over time. There is little study of how public ideology sustains local practices over the longer term – seeing translation of the ideology as an ongoing process. Through a case study and web-based analysis of Pivotal Labs, an agile software development company, we contribute to socio-material translation studies demonstrating the manifestation of the public ideology in socio-material …

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Student Perceptions Of The Online Customer Experience: A Phenomenological Investigation Of The Behavioral And Experiential Factors That Influence Online Student Retention, William Delaney Dec 2018

Student Perceptions Of The Online Customer Experience: A Phenomenological Investigation Of The Behavioral And Experiential Factors That Influence Online Student Retention, William Delaney

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The acquisition of the accounts blended and online students experienced formed the foundation for this phenomenological investigation. Emanating from the foundation, the findings of the phenomenological investigation suggested both experiential and behavioral factors influenced the blended and online students’ customer experience. The phenomenological investigation concluded that the mechanics of the blended and online students’ customer, experience effected the blended and online students’ persistence to complete the online program.

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Self-Determined Motivation In Foreign Language Learning: Examining The Effects On Students' Achievement, Yawo Badagbo Dec 2018

Self-Determined Motivation In Foreign Language Learning: Examining The Effects On Students' Achievement, Yawo Badagbo

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the relationship between foreign language motivation and self-determined motivation, as well as the issue of students’ perceptions of strategies used to improve foreign language motivation and achievement among undergraduate students in the department of foreign language. This research was conducted in two mid-western universities among undergraduate foreign language learners. The participants were undergraduate foreign language learners. A total of 391 students from 18- 43 years old started the paper-and-pencil surveys in which they shared their views and perceptions about foreign language learning motivations and strategies to improve motivations and achievement. However, only 380 completed the majority of …

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Colonized And Racist Indigenous Campus Tour, Robin Starr Minthorn, Christine A. Nelson Nov 2018

Colonized And Racist Indigenous Campus Tour, Robin Starr Minthorn, Christine A. Nelson

Journal of Critical Scholarship on Higher Education and Student Affairs

This article explores the macro-structural aspects of college campuses and environments to understand how higher education institutions have created, maintained, and justified hostile campus climates against Indigenous students. It uncovers the embedded racist and genocidal values that are often cherished through dominant campus tours. This includes addressing how an incomplete understanding of history leads to centering oppressive values that disenfranchise Indigenous students in higher education. Offered is an abbreviated interpretation of the concept of Power and Place (Deloria & Wildcat, 2001), centering critical Indigenous values in the assessment. The case study articulates the historical and contemporary aspects of space and …

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Brushaber, Skip, Jack Barrett, Branden Pratt Nov 2018

Brushaber, Skip, Jack Barrett, Branden Pratt

Querying the Past: LGBTQ Maine Oral History Project Collection

Skip Brushaber is a 71-year old gay man who uses he/his/him pronouns. Skip worked as a nurse and social worker during the AIDS crisis. He was born in Buffalo, New York, on January 9th, 1947. Skip studied English in college but later became a nurse and social worker. He lived in New York and Pennsylvania before moving to Portland in 1980. He helped found the AIDS Project in 1983, a group in Portland that helped support individuals dealing with AIDS, and founded and wrote for Our Paper throughout the 80s, an LGBTQ paper aimed at covering issues related to queerness …

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Soybean Androgenesis, Martina Garda Nov 2018

Soybean Androgenesis, Martina Garda

Student Theses and Dissertations

Food is a constant world demand, and soybeans are among the most complete food crops which have fed people since its domestication. Unfortunately, soybean is a difficult crop to work within the biotechnology laboratory. Soybean androgenesis has been a challenging process yet to be advanced significantly after years of attempts. There have been some minor advances, for instance, reports of a 2% induction rate in anther culture, formation of roots, rare shoots, but only a handful of plantlets that did not survive to maturity. This dissertation compiles these efforts in the context of developing a pyramidal stressors model for androgenesis …

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Molecular Fossils From Phytoplankton Reveal Secular Pco2 Trend Over The Phanerozoic, Caitlyn R. Witkowski, Johan W. H. Weijers, Brian S. Blais, Stefan Schouten, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté Nov 2018

Molecular Fossils From Phytoplankton Reveal Secular Pco2 Trend Over The Phanerozoic, Caitlyn R. Witkowski, Johan W. H. Weijers, Brian S. Blais, Stefan Schouten, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté

Science and Technology Department Faculty Journal Articles

Past changes in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (PCO2) have had a major impact on earth system dynamics; yet, reconstructing secular trends of past PCO2 remains a prevalent challenge in paleoclimate studies. The current long-term PCO2reconstructions rely largely on the compilation of many different proxies, often with discrepancies among proxies, particularly for periods older than 100 million years (Ma). Here, we reconstructed Phanerozoic PCO2 from a single proxy: the stable carbon isotopic fractionation associated with photosynthesis (Ɛp) that increases as PCO2 increases. This concept has been widely applied to alkenones, but here, we …

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Foreign Language Education: Methods Of Effective Instruction In The Foreign Language Classroom, Ashley Nicole Jacobs Nov 2018

Foreign Language Education: Methods Of Effective Instruction In The Foreign Language Classroom, Ashley Nicole Jacobs

Senior Honors Theses

This thesis compares the various methods of teaching a foreign language. With the growing diversity of the population of the United States, it is becoming increasingly important for students to expand their knowledge of languages beyond English. Foreign language study has a number of benefits, including the promotion of effective communication and the construction of relationships with those from other countries and cultures. While there are a number of factors that influence effective foreign language acquisition, the factor that will be explored in this thesis is foreign language education methodology. This thesis will present seven methods of teaching foreign language …

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Sex Trafficking And The Attribution Of Blame: A Comparison Between Vietnamese And American Perception Of Sex-Trafficked Individuals, Tram Nguyen Nov 2018

Sex Trafficking And The Attribution Of Blame: A Comparison Between Vietnamese And American Perception Of Sex-Trafficked Individuals, Tram Nguyen

Senior Honors Theses

Sex trafficking is one of the most persistent issues in Asian countries and specifically in Vietnam. Hundreds of Vietnamese are trafficked daily across the world, but mainly in Taiwan, Malaysia, South Korea, Laos, China, and Thailand. Sexually trafficked individuals are reported to have symptoms of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicidal tendencies, and physical violence. Despite the increasing number of victims, there is a lack of empirical research on issues relating to the impact of human trafficking on Vietnamese people and especially the public attitude about the problem. The current study examined the public’s general knowledge of trafficking myths, their willingness …

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Review Of Facing The Text: Extra-Illustration, Print Culture, And Society In Britain 1769 - 1840 By Lucy Peltz, Madeleine L. Pelling Nov 2018

Review Of Facing The Text: Extra-Illustration, Print Culture, And Society In Britain 1769 - 1840 By Lucy Peltz, Madeleine L. Pelling

ABO: Interactive Journal for Women in the Arts, 1640–1830

Review of 'Facing the Text: Extra-Illustration, Print Culture, and Society in Britian 1769 - 1840,' Lucy Peltz by Madeleine Pelling

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Reading Her Queenly Coiffure: A Collaborative Approach To The Study Of Marie-Antoinette's Hairstyles, Hélène Bilis, Jenifer Bartle, Laura M. O'Brien, Ruth R. Rogers Nov 2018

Reading Her Queenly Coiffure: A Collaborative Approach To The Study Of Marie-Antoinette's Hairstyles, Hélène Bilis, Jenifer Bartle, Laura M. O'Brien, Ruth R. Rogers

ABO: Interactive Journal for Women in the Arts, 1640–1830

Four colleagues--a faculty member, a digital services librarian, a research librarian, and a curator of Special Collections--take turns describing their role in creating an undergraduate student project around an eighteenth-century almanac that belonged to Marie-Antoinette. In recounting the steps taken, the collaborative process, the student research, and the analysis of the contents of the Trésor des Grâces almanac, we share the lessons learned for completing a digital exhibit over the course of one semester.

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Beyond The Figure Of The Problem Gambler: Locating Race And Sovereignty Struggles In Everyday Cultural Spaces Of Gambling, Fiona Nicoll Nov 2018

Beyond The Figure Of The Problem Gambler: Locating Race And Sovereignty Struggles In Everyday Cultural Spaces Of Gambling, Fiona Nicoll

Journal of Law and Social Policy

As gambling has become a ubiquitous feature of many neoliberal capitalist societies, the problem gambler has become a familiar cultural figure, invoked in regulation, popular culture and everyday life. This article brings critical research on governmentality together with cultural studies and critical Indigenous scholarship on whiteness, race and sovereignty to understand the racial biopolitics of gambling beyond the individual subject of problem gambling. I argue that, for settler-colonial states, gambling plays a role in maintaining tropes of cultural representation and securing legal and political power within an overarching system of white racial entitlement. An investigation of cultural spaces and products …

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Law, Judges And Authorized Gambling In Italy: A Tale Of Contradictions, Nadia Coggiola Nov 2018

Law, Judges And Authorized Gambling In Italy: A Tale Of Contradictions, Nadia Coggiola

Journal of Law and Social Policy

To date, notwithstanding the large number of scholarly investigations into the legal implications of gambling, little attention has been paid to the interaction between contract law, and the negative moral or social labelling which traditionally affects gambling contracts in many Western countries. The purpose of this article is to investigate how Italian civil courts have applied Civil code and Consumer code rules on abusive clauses to cases involving authorized gambling and betting contracts. These rules should apply to authorized gambling and betting contracts, which generally involve an individual player and a professional service provider, either because the player adheres to …

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Risk, Charity, And Boundary Disputes: The Liberalisation And Commercialisation Of Online Bingo In The European Union, Donal Casey Nov 2018

Risk, Charity, And Boundary Disputes: The Liberalisation And Commercialisation Of Online Bingo In The European Union, Donal Casey

Journal of Law and Social Policy

Land-based bingo has traditionally been perceived as a low-risk social form of gambling. The game is often run for purposes of charitable fundraising, and in many countries bingo is associated in good causes and community rather than risk or profit. These distinguishing characteristics have shaped bingo’s regulation in many jurisdictions. However, technological advances have changed the nature of the game as it moved online and challenged traditional approaches to regulation. In this paper, I document the evolution of online bingo regulation in order to explore what we can learn about the changing ways in which states govern speculative play through …

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Keeping Chance In Its Place: The Socio-Legal Regulation Of Gambling, Kate Bedford, Donal Casey, Alexandra Flynn Nov 2018

Keeping Chance In Its Place: The Socio-Legal Regulation Of Gambling, Kate Bedford, Donal Casey, Alexandra Flynn

Journal of Law and Social Policy

In the winter of 2010, driving through a blizzard to a research interview outside of Ottawa, one of the co-editors of this special issue—Kate Bedford—slid and spun off the road in her rental car. The interviewee—an 80-year-old man who organized a small weekly bingo game—helped dig her out. Sitting in the community centre with him afterwards, thawing, there was ample opportunity for Bedford to reflect on the diverse meanings attached to gambling and the complex ways in which it is regulated. The interviewee talked about ‘use of proceeds’ forms and validating expenses payments for volunteers, describing a gambling landscape that …

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Studying About Another Presidential Visit To Mississippi, Rebecca Lauck Cleary Nov 2018

Studying About Another Presidential Visit To Mississippi, Rebecca Lauck Cleary

Blog Posts

Written by Ted Ownby Hearing that Donald Trump is returning to Mississippi to campaign for Cindy Hyde-Smith raises all sorts of intriguing issues about the senate race and contemporary politics. But for me, a Trump visit raises one specific question: did Donald Trump quote my words on an earlier trip to the state?

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Psychological Profiling Of Political Leaders: Searching For Three White Whales, Ibpp Editor Nov 2018

Psychological Profiling Of Political Leaders: Searching For Three White Whales, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes three types of information crucial to psychological profiling of political leaders.

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Testing The Measurement Invariance And Latent Mean Differences Of Data From The Employee Perceptions Of Supervisor/Line Manager Coaching Behavior Measure Between Virtual And Traditional Employees From Generation X And Y, Bryn Hammack-Brown Nov 2018

Testing The Measurement Invariance And Latent Mean Differences Of Data From The Employee Perceptions Of Supervisor/Line Manager Coaching Behavior Measure Between Virtual And Traditional Employees From Generation X And Y, Bryn Hammack-Brown

Human Resource Development Theses and Dissertations

Currently, the workforce is comprised of multiple generations, of which Generation X and Y are the largest, working in a variety of arrangements. These include working from home, satellite centers, on the road, collaboration offices, and brick and mortar locations. As information and communication technology advances, more opportunities for individuals to supplement or change their working environments are available. Along with these different modes of work comes occasions and challenges for managers to demonstrate coaching behaviors toward employees who work alongside them on an on-going basis, and simultaneously to those who are removed from the face-to-face interactions and instead rely …

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International Politics Of Literary Theory: A Study Of Western Theory As Doctrines And A Discipline, Jinghua Lin Nov 2018

International Politics Of Literary Theory: A Study Of Western Theory As Doctrines And A Discipline, Jinghua Lin

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

The event of the publication of René Wellek and Austin Warren's Theory of Literature (1949) signals that European literary criticism was transformed rapidly into literary theory by American scholars. To be more specific, from then on, British New Criticism that emphasized close reading was replaced by American New Criticism that valorized analysis of semantic structure, and Russian formalism was rediscovered and reactivated in this process. Afterwards, more theoretical schools sprang up, such as semiotics, structuralism, hermeneutics, post-structuralism, deconstructionism, and so on. And along with the scientific literary theory, many other theories, like Western Marxist criticism, feminism, gender studies, new historicism, …

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Was Plato An Art Denier?: Plato's Concept Of Technē (Art) And The Pre-Socratic Philosophy Term Of Phusis (Nature), Dehui Yin Nov 2018

Was Plato An Art Denier?: Plato's Concept Of Technē (Art) And The Pre-Socratic Philosophy Term Of Phusis (Nature), Dehui Yin

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

Since philosophy term technē in ancient Greece is not exactly the same as the concept of art today, it is inaccurate to say that Plato was for or against art, but, at the same time. Plato actually opposed some kind of technē (mainly poetry and painting), and the influence of this stance remained even today. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify which kind of technē Plato exactly opposed. In ancient Greece, it was Plato who firstly proposed technē as a philosophy term on the basis of Pre-Socratic philosophy. So his thought of technē must relate itself to the thought of …

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Aesthetic Experience Of Semir Zeki, "Father Of Neuroaesthetics", And Related Research, Jun Hu Nov 2018

Aesthetic Experience Of Semir Zeki, "Father Of Neuroaesthetics", And Related Research, Jun Hu

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

Based on neural mechanism of the brain, Professor S. Zeki, known as the "father of neuroaesthetics", has made much research on human vision, aesthetic experience, aesthetic judgment, and the relationship between aesthetics and human perception, like that of color, form, and motion. This article analyzes Zeki's research on aesthetic experience and expounds how Zeki, through brain fMRI (functional magnetic resonance) scan, discovered that aesthetic experience can activate certain area of brain – A1 region of the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC). On this basis, the article not only discusses the definition of beauty, but also differentiates aesthetic experience from pleasure experience …

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An Interdisciplinary Discussion On The Political And Ethical Dimensions Of Aesthetics: An Interview With Professor Simon Critchley, Xi Wang Nov 2018

An Interdisciplinary Discussion On The Political And Ethical Dimensions Of Aesthetics: An Interview With Professor Simon Critchley, Xi Wang

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

Simon Critchley is an English Philosopher, the Hans Jonas Professor in New School, New York. He is the founding member of the executive committee of Forum for European Philosophy, the previous program director of College International de Philosophie in Paris, the previous president of British Society for Phenomenology and the research fellow of Johann Wolfgang Goethe University. He has held visiting professorship at numerous universities and authored more than twenty books which are translated into French, German, Spanish, Japanese, Chinese, etc. In these books, he develops a strikingly independent philosophical voice of western leftist and inquired the increasingly overlapped terrain …

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Flux Of Particulate Elements In The North Atlantic Ocean Constrained By Multiple Radionuclides, Christopher T. Hayes, Erin E. Black, Robert F. Anderson, Mark Baskaran, Ken O. Buesseler, Matthew A. Charette, Hai Cheng, J. Kirk Cochran, R. Lawrence Edwards, Patrick Fitzgerald, Phoebe J. Lam, Yanbin Lu, Stephanie O. Morris, Daniel C. Ohnemus, Frank J. Pavia, Gillian Stewart, Yi Tang Nov 2018

Flux Of Particulate Elements In The North Atlantic Ocean Constrained By Multiple Radionuclides, Christopher T. Hayes, Erin E. Black, Robert F. Anderson, Mark Baskaran, Ken O. Buesseler, Matthew A. Charette, Hai Cheng, J. Kirk Cochran, R. Lawrence Edwards, Patrick Fitzgerald, Phoebe J. Lam, Yanbin Lu, Stephanie O. Morris, Daniel C. Ohnemus, Frank J. Pavia, Gillian Stewart, Yi Tang

Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications

Sinking particles strongly regulate the distribution of reactive chemical substances in the ocean, including particulate organic carbon and other elements (e.g., P, Cd, Mn, Cu, Co, Fe, Al, and 232Th). Yet, the sinking fluxes of trace elements have not been well described in the global ocean. The U.S. GEOTRACES campaign in the North Atlantic (GA03) offers the first data set in which the sinking flux of carbon and trace elements can be derived using four different radionuclide pairs (238U:234Th ;210Pb:210Po; 228Ra:228Th; and 234U:230Th) at stations co-located with sediment trap fluxes for comparison. Particulate organic carbon, particulate P, and particulate Cd …

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Conditional Knockout Of Shp2 In Erbb2 Transgenic Mice Or Inhibition In Her2-Amplified Breast Cancer Cell Lines Blocks Oncogene Expression And Tumorigenesis, Hua Zhao, Elisha Martin, Fatimah Matalkah, Neal Shah, Alexey Ivanov, J. Michael Ruppert, Paul R. Lockman, Yehenew M. Agazie Nov 2018

Conditional Knockout Of Shp2 In Erbb2 Transgenic Mice Or Inhibition In Her2-Amplified Breast Cancer Cell Lines Blocks Oncogene Expression And Tumorigenesis, Hua Zhao, Elisha Martin, Fatimah Matalkah, Neal Shah, Alexey Ivanov, J. Michael Ruppert, Paul R. Lockman, Yehenew M. Agazie

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is the cause of HER2- positive breast cancer (BC). Although HER2-inactivating therapies have benefited BC patients, development of resistance and disease recurrence have been the major clinical problems, pointing to a need for alternative therapeutic strategies. For that to happen, proteins that play critical roles in the biology of HER2-induced tumorigenesis have to be identified and characterized. Here, we show that the Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2 (Shp2) encoded by the Ptpn11 gene is a requisite for ErbB2-induced tumorigenesis. We report that conditional knockout of Shp2 alleles in the ErbB2 …

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