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Physical Characterization Of Warburg Effect In Cancer Cells, Da Wei

Open Access Dissertations

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States after heart disease. Because the frequency of cancer diagnoses is correlated with life expectancy, we can expect the rate of cancer diagnosis to increase with the increase of life expectancy. Additionally, cancer treatments are notoriously costly and challenging due to the heterogeneity of the cancer cell population. For these reasons, devising methods to study the characteristics, efficiently diagnose and treat cancer is extremely important.

Warburg effect has been considered as the most unique mechanism that differ cancer cells from normal cells. Normally, most of the healthy cells predominantly …

Longitudinal Stratified Structure As Tunable Platform Using Liquid Crystal At Terahertz Regime, Abubaker Mustafa Tareki

Dissertations

In recent years, the terahertz (THz) band of the electromagnetic spectrum has received considerable attention. The THz region falls above the RF (radio frequency- gigahertz frequencies) engineering and falls below IR (infrared frequencies). The region has been referred to as the terahertz gap because it has been highly underutilized in spite of the fact that THz waves have unique properties that provide advantages in medical and defense applications. The increase in THz research has been a result of the significant advances in THz sources and detectors. To continue the advancement of THz technology, component research that can actively manage the …

Comparative Study Of Growth Patterns In Seven Strains Of Japanese Quail Using Nonlinear Regression Modeling, Hadi Farajiarough, Mohammad Rokouei, Ali Maghsoudi, Mahmoud Ghazaghi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to compare the growth pattern of seven strains of Japanese quail including Wild, Italian Speckled, Tuxedo, Scarlett, English white, White button, and A&M Texas by nonlinear growth functions including Gompertz, Richards, logistic, Lopez, and Weibull functions. The body weights of the unselected randomly bred populations of these strains were measured weekly from 1 to 42 days of age and then used to fit functions. The fitness of each function was assessed by statistics including the mean square error, Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, and adjusted coefficient of determination. The results showed that Gompertz …

Syntheses Of Azepinoindole Alkaloids Cimitrypazepine, Fargesine And Hyrtioreticulins C & D, Ganesh Ghimire

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Watanabe-Cenini-Söderberg reductive N-heterocyclization has emerged as a powerful tool for the synthesis of a variety of functionalized indoles. Söderberg’s elaboration of this methodology has been utilized as a late-stage cyclization protocol for the synthesis of azepinoindole alkaloids, a class of natural products characterized by an azepane skeleton fused with an indole ring. Short syntheses of the naturally occurring azepino[5,4,3-cd]indole alkaloids, cimitrypazepine, fargesine, and the diastereomeric hyrtioreticulins C & D have been completed starting from commercially available tetra-substituted benzene derivatives. The key azepinoindole core in each case was assembled via an intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck reaction followed by a …

Discovery Of Piperlongumine Derivatives As Anti-Leukemic And Anti-Prostate Cancer Agents, Yi Liao

Wayne State University Dissertations

Piperlongumine (PL) is an electrophilic anti-cancer natural product. Through non-covalent or covalent interactions with cellular targets, PL inactivates multiple oncogenic pathways and suppresses key components of cellular anti-oxidant/anti-electrophile defense systems. These actions result in pleiotropic anticancer effects and are expected to be effective to heterogeneous acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and prostate cancer (PCa). We applied two approaches to enhance the anticancer potency of PL: 1) To design PL-histone deacetylase inhibitor hybrid drugs (PL-HDACis; e.g., 1-58), and 2) To dimerize PL pharmacophore to generate a dimeric PL (DiPL) warhead that is suitable for further conjugation (e.g., 5-17). Both 1-58 and 5-17 …

Theoretical Circular Dichroism Spectra Of The Α-Helical Protein Calexitin With The Dipole Interaction Model Including The N-Π* Transition, Akongnwi C. Jungong, Tsvetan Aleksandrov, Rahul Nori, Justin Erickson, Kathryn A. Thomasson, Igor V. Uporov, Ethan R. Austhof, Emily Holt, Felix N. Ngassa

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Circular dichroism (CD) is an important structural biology technique used to study protein dynamics, and most especially the secondary structure of peptides and proteins. Although CD is a technique that is relatively easy to introduce to undergraduate students, the high cost of obtaining a conventional CD instrument and the time required for sample preparation prevents a good number of students from having hands-on experiments demonstrating the principle of CD. Herein, theoretical circular dichroism with the dipole interaction model, DInaMo, is proposed as a tool for introducing students to CD. Using the dipole interaction model, the CD spectra of an α-helical …

Zero-Inflated Models For Rna-Seq Count Data, Morshed Alam, Naim Al Mahi, Munni Begum

Journal Articles: Biostatistics

One of the main objectives of many biological studies is to explore differential gene expression profiles between samples. Genes are referred to as differentially expressed (DE) if the read counts change across treatments or conditions systematically. Poisson and negative binomial (NB) regressions are widely used methods for non-over-dispersed (NOD) and over-dispersed (OD) count data respectively. However, in the presence of excessive number of zeros, these methods need adjustments. In this paper, we consider a zero-inflated Poisson mixed effects model (ZIPMM) and zero-inflated negative binomial mixed effects model (ZINBMM) to address excessive zero counts in the NOD and OD RNA-seq data …

Multi-Dimensional Mass Spectrometry For The Characterization Of Glycopolymers, Maria Ganios

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Several glycopolymers synthesized by Activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP), were characterized by mass spectrometry to elucidate their microstructure and architecture. Analyses were performed using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization- Time of Flight/ Time of Flight (MALDI-ToF/ToF) and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) instruments. The linear isopropylidenated glycopolymer (P65B1) analyzed with ESI-MS also was examined with multi-stage mass spectrometry (MSⁿ) using collision induced dissociation (CID) to examine the tetramer parent ion. This glycopolymer was found to be either cyclic or linear (sans end groups) due to the data being fit for both forms …

Community Structure And Epizootic Infection Prevalence Of Northern Wisconsin Anurans, Kayla Christine Watters

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Amphibian populations are declining globally at historically rapid rates, and while a multitude of factors have contributed to amphibian population declines, emerging infectious diseases, such as chytridiomycosis and ranavirus have been linked to a large proportion of the reported amphibian mass mortality events. Distribution and infection prevalence data for chytridiomycosis and ranavirus are lacking, and effective surveillance is crucial. This project aims to describe anuran richness, relative abundance, habitat occupancy, and community structure and to identify the chytridiomycosis and ranavirus infection prevalence rates of the anuran population at Dairymen's Inc. Wood frogs, spring peepers, boreal chorus frogs, northern leopard frogs, …

The Effects Of Temperature On Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis Resistance And Heart Rate In The Polymorphic Eastern Red-Backed Salamanders, Plethodon Cinereus, Joseph Alan Demarchi

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Climate Metric Coherence: Stationarity Of The Relationships Between North Pacific Climate Indices And Ecological Processes In The Gulf Of Alaska, Michael Opiekun

Theses and Dissertations

The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) has been used to characterize the dominant basin-scale climate variability, in the North Pacific. The PDO index has been correlated to Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) population dynamics in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) during the late 1900s, but the stationarity of the statistical relationships between salmon production and the basin-scale index (and between the regional physical processes and the basin-scale index) has not been quantified. A change in the relationship between the PDO and salmon catches has been noted during the late 1980s, motivating further investigation of variability in climate and ecosystem properties during this …

Insects As Metaphors For Post-Civil War Reconstruction Of The Civic Body In Augustan Age Rome, Olivia Semler

Theses and Dissertations

Early Augustan Age literature saw a focus on recovery from a period steeped in the tragic losses of civil war; Vergil, in his Georgics, and Ovid, in his Metamorphoses, employed insects likened to, or transformed into, humans as a way to suggest possible models for recovery. While these models have been studied throughout classical scholarship for their value in proposing a new Roman Golden Age and its tenability, scholars have long overlooked the importance of the insects used in such models, and the ways in which they can substantially alter our understanding of these metaphors. As structures for cultural understanding …

The Development Of Novel Inhibitors Of The Nlrp3 Inflammasome, Jacob W. Fulp

Theses and Dissertations

Inflammasomes are intracellular multimeric protein complexes that regulate inflammation by controlling the maturation of cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Additionally, activation of these inflammasome complexes has been implicated in an inflammatory form of death known as proptosis. Of the known inflammasomes, the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLPP3) inflammasome, is the most elucidated. Under physiological conditions, NLRP3-mediated inflammation promotes healing and the elimination of cellular debris and pathogens. However, the dysregulation of IL-1β, IL-18 and pyroptosis are instrumental in the development of multiple pathologies. Furthermore, studies suggest that the NLRP3 inflammasome mediates detrimental neuroinflammation and …

Cytoprotective Effect Of A Functional Antipollutant Blend Through Reducing B[A] P-Induced Intracellular Oxidative Stress And Uva Exposure, Gi̇zem Örs, Sultan Gülçe İz

Turkish Journal of Biology

Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that reacts with skin and induces intracellular oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The antipollution properties of natural extracts, especially including antioxidants, for inhibiting ROS in cells are gaining importance, in addition to the anticancer effects attributed to them. In this study, a commercial functional antipollutant blend of plant extracts consisting of ellagic acid standardized Punica granatum peel extract, Sambucus nigra fruit extract, Prunus cerasus seed extract, and hydrolyzed wheat protein with high antioxidant properties and UV damage-protective properties attributed to each one was investigated. The cytoprotective effect of this functional …

Monoamine Oxidases Inhibitors From Colvillea Racemosa: Isolation, Biological Evaluation, And Computational Study., Enas Mohamed, Mohamed A. Zaki, Narayan D. Chaurasiya, Asmaa I. Owis, Sameh Abouzid, Yan-Hong Wang, Bharathi Avula, Ahmed A. Seida, Babu L. Tekwani, Samir A. Ross

Faculty and Student Publications (Open Access)

Bioassay-guided fractionation and chemical investigation of Colvillea racemosa stems led to identification of two new α, β-dihydroxydihydrochalcones, colveol A (1) and colveol B (2) along with fifteen known compounds. The structures were elucidated via interpretation of spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of the dihydrochalcones 1 and 2 were assigned by a combination of chemical modification and electronic circular dichroism data. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibition activity toward recombinant human monoamine oxidases (rhMAO-A and -B). Compound 1 demonstrated preferential inhibition against hMAO-A isoenzyme (IC

Phytochemical And Biological Studies On Ziziphora Bungeana, S. Radhakrishnan, Karlygash Zhaparkulova, Zuriyadda Sakipova, Liliya Ibragimova, Samir A. Ross

Faculty and Student Publications (Open Access)

No abstract provided.

Synthesis Of 1,4-Triazolyl Combretacoumarins As Potential Anticancer Agents, Tashrique A. Khandaker

Dissertations and Theses

Coumarins are natural compounds that have various physiological and therapeutic properties, making them pharmacologically important. Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) is a microtubule-binding agent that has potent cytotoxic effects against human cell lines. In CA-4 the trimethoxyarene moiety plays a crucial role in its carcinopreventive effect. Thus, we decided to synthesize novel, potential anti-cancer agents called 1,4-triazolyl combretacoumarins, by coupling different coumarins and the functionally relevant group of CA-4 i.e, the trimethoxyarene moiety, via a 1,2,3-triazolyl ring using a copper-catalyzed [3 + 2] azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, which is a very atom-economical reaction. The coupling partners, 4-azidocoumarins, required for making these …

Split Aptameric Turn-On Fluorescence Sensor For Detection Of Sequence Specific Nucleic Acid At Ambient Temperature, Nanami Kikuchi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) enable sensitive detection of low density infections that microscopy and rapid diagnostic test are not capable of detecting. They enable quantitative and qualitative nucleic acid detection, genotype analysis, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection. Current state of the art molecular probes used with NAATs includes molecular beacon (MB), Taqman and its variations. This work presents novel molecular probe designed from Spinach and Dapoxyl aptamers. The aptamers are split into two parts (split aptamer), allowing greater sensitivity and selectivity towards fully complementary nucleic acid analyte. The major advantage of split aptamer probe over state-of-the-art fluorescent probes …

Assembly And Trafficking Of The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator And Associated Proteins, Zhihui Zhang

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease that leads to severe malfunction in many organs, but particularly the lungs. The primary cause of this malfunction is the decrease of the airway surface liquid layer on the lung epithelium. The lack of hydration leads to mucus build up on the epithelial lining, leading to blockage of airways. The underlying cause of CF is the dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which results from mutations in the protein. Almost 90% of CF patients are caused by the deletion of the phenylalanine at position 508 of CFTR, which …

Study Of The Mechanism Of Action For Ru(Ii) Polypyridyl Complexes As Potential Anticancer Agents, Yang Sun

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

Application of chemotherapeutic agents in current cancer treatment has been limited by adverse effects as poor selectivity results in systemic toxicity; most chemotherapy approaches also experience inherited or acquired drug resistance which lead to reduced treatment outcome. Research efforts have focused on the discovery of novel chemotherapies that overcome the limitations mentioned above. Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes with anti-cancer properties have been extensively studied as traditional cytotoxic agents and photodynamic therapy agents due to their photophysical and photochemical characteristics.

Most research has focused on the design of Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes that have affinities to nucleic acids as inspired by the classic …

Physical And Biological Properties Of Cobalt- And Copper-Doped Calcium Phosphates As Bone Substitute Materials, Haley V. Cummings

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Arthritis, osteoporosis, and other bone diseases and defects are common medical issues worldwide. By utilizing ceramic biomaterials as bone substitutes to treat these diseases, bone regeneration can be promoted and toxicity from the substitute material can be limited. Calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics have become popular as bone substitutes due to their biocompatibility and similarity in composition to natural bone. The purpose of this research was to investigate the physical properties and biological responses of CaP-based bone substitutes, doped with metal ions. Some metal ions are present in natural bone in small amounts, and recent studies show they affect the biological …

Formulation Of Nanoparticle Systems For Drug Delivery Application In Biomedical Sciences, Victor Alfredo Rodriguez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria may result in serious infections which are difficult to treat. In addition, the poor antibiotic pipeline has also contributed to the crisis. Recently, the complex of furosemide and silver (Ag-FSE) has been reported as a potential antibacterial agent. However, its poor aqueous solubility is limiting its activity as an effective antibacterial agent. The purpose of this study was to encapsulate Ag-FSE into chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) and evaluate antibacterial efficacy. Ag-FSE CSNPs were prepared using ionic gelation technique. The particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of Ag-FSE CSNPs were determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. …

Hidden Diversity In Aquatic Habitats: Lessons From Cryptic Species In Microscopic Invertebrates (Rotifera), Azar Kordbacheh

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Speciation is a continuous and adaptive process by which lineages are diverged into multiple groups, and species are the product of this process. Taxonomy is the study of relationship between organisms, classifying and naming them, and one of the taxonomical challenges is delimiting species boundaries. Species delimitation can be controversial because biologists do not agree on species concepts and approaches for defining species boundaries. One of the well-known species concepts is the Biological Species Concept that requires studying reproductive barriers among populations. Investigating strength of reproductive isolation among populations is not always practical in the wild. Therefore, many biologists have …

The Structural And Functional Study Of The Human Mitochondrial Hsp60 Chaperonin In Neurodegenerative Diseases, Jinliang Wang

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Proteins are essential elements that are responsible for a variety of cellular activities within organisms, including catalyzing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules. After protein synthesis in the ribosome, the unfolded protein need to fold into their unique compact structures so that they can perform their full biological functions. The biologically active structure of a protein is referred to the native-state of the protein with biological activity. The process of protein folding is one of the most important and challenging research topics of contemporary biochemistry, especially for its central role …

Trends In Benthic Macrofaunal Populations, Seasonal Sea Ice Persistence, And Bottom Water Temperatures In The Bering Strait Region, Jacqueline M. Grebmeier, Karen E. Frey, Lee W. Cooper, Monika Kędra

Geography

Recent declines in sea ice extent and warming seawater temperatures in the Arctic have the potential to impact regional and pan-Arctic marine ecosystems. To investigate marine biological response to these key drivers and other environmental factors, we undertook a robust trend analysis of benthic macrofaunal populations and environmental drivers in the Bering Strait region. Our focus was on the waters of the northern Bering and southern Chukchi Seas, which are shallow (m) and seasonally productive, with strong pelagic-benthic coupling between water-column-derived organic matter and the seafloor. Studies indicate that both in situ production and advection of upstream phytodetritus support persistent …

It Takes Two: Evidence For Reduced Sexual Conflict Over Parental Care In A Biparental Canid, Christopher J. Schell, Julie K. Young, Elizabeth V. Lonsdorf, Jill M. Mateo, Rachel M. Santymire

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

In biparental systems, sexual conflict over parental investment predicts that the parent providing care experiences greater reproductive costs. This inequality in parental contribution is reduced when offspring survival is dependent on biparental care. However, this idea has received little empirical attention. Here, we determined whether mothers and fathers differed in their contribution to care in a captive population of coyotes (Canis latrans). We performed parental care assays on 8 (n = 8 males, 8 females) mated pairs repeatedly over a 10-week period (i.e., 5–15 weeks of litter age) when pairs were first-time breeders (2011), and again as experienced …

An Investigation Of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Mixture On Craniofacial Development In Mouse Embryos, Suraj Kandalam

Theses and Dissertations

E-cigarette (e-cig) use has increased in recent years among teenagers and young adults. E-cigs are battery-powered nicotine delivery systems that vaporize e-liquids, a solution composed of propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerin (VG), nicotine, flavoring, and coloring agents. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of exposure to e-cig aerosol mixtures (e-cigAMs) on proliferation, migration, and differentiation of NCCs in vitro and craniofacial development in mouse embryos in vivo. E-cigAM was produced by bubbling e-cig aerosol into saline. E-cigAMs were generated for unflavored e-liquid of increasing PG: VG ratio. Metabolic activity (MA), gene expression, migration, and proliferation …

Spatial Distribution And Dietary Niche Breadth Of The Leopard Panthera Pardus (Carnivora: Felidae) In The Northeastern Himalayan Region Of Pakistan, Faraz Akrim, Tariq Mahmood, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem, Shaista Andleeb, Siddiqa Qasim

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Knowledge of a predato's diet is important for understanding its ecology and for predicting its influence on the dynamics of prey populations. We investigated the spatial distribution and diet composition of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the northeastern Himalayan region of Pakistan. We used molecular scatology technique to identify scats of common leopard collected from the field. The leopard was recorded at 30 different surveyed sites with an elevational range between 757-1891 m a.s.l. Its diet comprised 17 prey species, including both wild and domestic prey. Frequency of occurrence of wild prey was approximately 35% of the total leopard diet, …

Mesostigmata Mites (Acari: Parasitiformes) Associated With Birds And Their Nests From, Mohamed Waleed Negm, Azza Abdelgawad Mohamed, Hosam Mohamed Khalil El-Gepaly, Safaa Mohamed Abdelaziz

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A survey of gamasid mites (Arachnida: Acari: Mesostigmata) associated with domestic and wild birds in Egypt was conducted. In total, 16 species within 10 families were collected from 22 bird species. The most abundant species belonged to the genera Dermanyssus Dugès (Dermanyssidae), Ornithonyssus Sambon, and Steatonyssus Kolenati (both Macronyssidae). Among various birds examined, the distribution and occurrence of mites were recorded. Taxonomic remarks about the morphology of the collected mites are presented to facilitate species discrimination for non-acarologists. Steatonyssus longipes Radovsky & Yunker, 1963, previously described as a new species from the Egyptian slit-faced bat, Nycteris thebaica Geoffroy (Chiroptera), is …

Three New Records From Phylinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) For The Turkish Fauna, Gülten Yazici, Erol Yildirim

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study was conducted in the Erzurum province of Turkey during 2009-2014. The species Criocoris crassicornis (Hahn, 1834), Europiella artemisiae (Becker, 1864), and Paredrocoris pectoralis Reuter, 1878 were recorded for the first time from Turkey. The important taxonomic characters are described and photographs or illustrations are provided.