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2017

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A General Probabilistic Framework Combining Experiments And Simulations To Identify The Small Crack Driving Force, Andrea Rovinelli Dec 2017

A General Probabilistic Framework Combining Experiments And Simulations To Identify The Small Crack Driving Force, Andrea Rovinelli

Open Access Dissertations

Identifying the small fatigue crack (SFC) driving force of polycrystalline engineering alloys is instrumental in correlating the inherent microstructure variability and the scatter exhibited by SFC during the early stage of propagation. By utilizing synchrotron images of a SFC propagating through a beta-metastable titanium alloy a general framework to identify the SFC driving force is presented. FFT-based crystal plasticity simulations are then used to computed micromechanical quantities not available from the experiment. The experimental and simulation results are consolidated into a multimodal dataset which is sampled using physically based nonlocal data mining techniques. Sampled data are analyzed via a machine …

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Prone To Drone: Unmanned Aircraft Systems' Effects On Public Support For The Use Of Military Force, William Shelby Dec 2017

Prone To Drone: Unmanned Aircraft Systems' Effects On Public Support For The Use Of Military Force, William Shelby

Open Access Dissertations

Unmanned aircraft systems (drones) have seen widespread use by the United States in the “War on Terror.” Drones keep soldiers out of harm’s way and they reduce the financial cost of military operations, all while maintaining high levels of precision like regular soldiers. Because they provide the benefits of using force without the risks, drones could make the public more willing to support the use of force. If true, the public may be more prone to support using force rather than seek out other alternatives to solve a foreign policy crisis because they perceive less risk involved in using force. …

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Generalized Plot Matrices, Automatic Cognostics, And Efficient Data Exploration, Barret Schloerke Dec 2017

Generalized Plot Matrices, Automatic Cognostics, And Efficient Data Exploration, Barret Schloerke

Open Access Dissertations

Statistical visualization of large-scale data has become an increasingly essential task in the era of big data. In particular, exploratory data analysis and visualization is the first step towards any in-depth statistical modeling and analysis. Being able to rapidly specify and generate visualizations regardless of data-scale is crucial. Trellis-cope handles data visualization at scale by attaching cognostics (univariate metrics) to each panel aiding in the organization of panels of interest. While Trelliscope provides a general framework for visualizing data at scale, there are several aspects that can be improved to help users generate displays more rapidly (such as cognostics, axis …

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A Closer Look: How High School Principals' Perceptions About Teacher Mindset Impact Instructional Coaching, Heather T. Short Dec 2017

A Closer Look: How High School Principals' Perceptions About Teacher Mindset Impact Instructional Coaching, Heather T. Short

Open Access Dissertations

The purpose of this qualitative study is to examine how high school principals’ perceptions about the teacher mindset affects how principals provide teachers with coaching and feedback. The research was conducted using the theoretical framework of phenomenology. Data was derived from interviews with two high school principals who have extensive experience in teacher evaluations and coaching. These interviews were recorded, transcribed, and confirmed prior to the coding process and data analysis. The study found a link between principals’ perceptions of teacher mindset and the coaching that ensued. This study pointed to that when principals’ perception increases, coaching effectiveness can increase. …

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Scalable Redundant Proxy Execution For Low-Latency Web Over Cellular Networks, Ashiwan Sivakumar Dec 2017

Scalable Redundant Proxy Execution For Low-Latency Web Over Cellular Networks, Ashiwan Sivakumar

Open Access Dissertations

Web application latency is critical because faster Web sites attract more visitors and it has direct impact on the revenue of many businesses. Further, due to the dramatic upsurge of cellular users it has become imperative for service providers to improve the Quality of Experience of applications. However, Web downloads over cellular networks are 6X slower than that in wired networks. This is because modern Web pages are complex with lots of small objects fetched from many domains. Furthermore, today’s Web page load process is ill-suited for cellular networks resulting in a lot of HTTP request-response interactions in the high …

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Capturing Csr Words And Csr Actions: The Constructive And Constitutive Potential Of Employee Communication In Corporate Social Responsibility, Neva Štumberger Dec 2017

Capturing Csr Words And Csr Actions: The Constructive And Constitutive Potential Of Employee Communication In Corporate Social Responsibility, Neva Štumberger

Open Access Dissertations

Employees have been often overlooked in corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature (Aguilera, Rupp, Williams, & Ganapathi, 2007; May, 2011) despite being regarded as one of the most critical voices that constitute what an organization is and what it does (Morsing & Schultz, 2006; Tompkins, 1987). In particular, there is relatively little research about how employees, as one of the primary stakeholders (Freeman, Jeffrey, & Wicks, 2007), make sense of CSR in their everyday talk, and how such talk informs and shapes the very meanings of organizational CSR (May, 2011). Furthermore, despite the fact that in recent years interest in constructive …

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Using Gifted Student Perceptions Of Motivational Techniques To Inform Teacher Reflection, Kristen K. Seward Dec 2017

Using Gifted Student Perceptions Of Motivational Techniques To Inform Teacher Reflection, Kristen K. Seward

Open Access Dissertations

This mixed methods research investigated the relationship between student and teacher perceptions of five motivational components of instruction—appeal, challenge, choice, meaningfulness, and academic self-efficacy—and how teachers’ knowledge of their students’ perceptions informed their reflection on the quality of instruction. The Student Perceptions of Classroom Quality (SPOCQ; Gentry & Owen, 2004) and Teacher Perceptions of Classroom Quality (T-POCQ; Seward, 2016) survey results of students with gifts and talents (n = 306 for a total of 518 administrations of the SPOCQ) and teachers (n = 23 for a total of 39 administrations of the T-POCQ) who participated in a summer academic enrichment …

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Two Mathematics Teachers' Personal Practical Knowledge: Experiences Making Curriculum Within The 3d Inquiry Space, Elizabeth Suazo Flores Dec 2017

Two Mathematics Teachers' Personal Practical Knowledge: Experiences Making Curriculum Within The 3d Inquiry Space, Elizabeth Suazo Flores

Open Access Dissertations

This study is an effort to expand conceptualizations of mathematics teachers’ knowledge where teachers’ experiences are considered an important source of their knowledge. Using Schwab’s (1969, 1983) concept of curriculum and Dewey’s (1938) theory of experience as theoretical lenses, the researcher, a former secondary mathematics teacher, explored an eighth-grade mathematics teacher’s personal practical knowledge ([PPK], Elbaz, 1981, 1983). The mathematics aspect of this study was the emerging concept of area as students worked on a lesson involving real-world context. Field and research texts were constructed through narrative inquiry (Clandinin & Connelly, 2000). This study illustrates how under a four-year collaboration: …

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New Multi-Harmonic Techniques For Sensing Tip-Sample Interactions And Nanomechanical Material Property Mapping In Dynamic Atomic Force Microscopy, Nurul Huda Shaik Dec 2017

New Multi-Harmonic Techniques For Sensing Tip-Sample Interactions And Nanomechanical Material Property Mapping In Dynamic Atomic Force Microscopy, Nurul Huda Shaik

Open Access Dissertations

The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is a versatile tool for studying and characterizing materials at the micro-and nano-scales. The microcantilever designs used in AFM, as well as the experimental and theoretical approaches for quantitative material characterization, are now well developed and understood. However, there are still certain experimental conditions where the conventional design of these probes and the existing material characterization methods limit the applicability of the tool. The challenges associated with the probe design are addressed by integrating additional degrees of freedom into these probes that enabled modification of the eigen-structure of the probes as desired. Designing, fabricating and …

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Advancing Microsimulation For Operationa, Economic And Safety Analysis Of Transportation Facilities-The Case Of Diamond Interchanges, Most Afia Sultana Dec 2017

Advancing Microsimulation For Operationa, Economic And Safety Analysis Of Transportation Facilities-The Case Of Diamond Interchanges, Most Afia Sultana

Open Access Dissertations

Traffic congestion and safety issues are pervasive in many urban areas across the United States due to the increasing traffic demand and evolving driving behavior. Microsimulation models can provide a reasonable estimation of operational performance analysis of intersections and interchanges. This dissertation used microsimulation to evaluate six alternative interchanges, as they may perform quite differently in different traffic and local conditions. Operational efficiency, agency and user cost and traffic safety are the major components for selecting the best alternative interchange. The existing microsimulation tool VISSIM was used to perform the operational efficiency, agency and user cost evaluations. A general concept …

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An Assessment Of The Subseasonal Predictability Of Severe Thunderstorm Title Environments And Activity Using The Climate Forecast System Version 2, Adam J. Stepanek Dec 2017

An Assessment Of The Subseasonal Predictability Of Severe Thunderstorm Title Environments And Activity Using The Climate Forecast System Version 2, Adam J. Stepanek

Open Access Dissertations

The prospect for skillful long-term predictions of atmospheric conditions known to directly contribute to the onset and maintenance of severe convective storms remains unclear. A thorough assessment of the capability for a global climate model such as the Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) to skillfully represent parameters related to severe weather has the potential to significantly improve medium- to longrange outlooks vital to risk managers. Environmental convective available potential energy (CAPE) and deep-layer vertical wind shear (DLS) can be used to distinguish an atmosphere conducive to severe storms from one supportive of primarily nonsevere ordinary convection. As such, this …

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Global Optimization Approach To The Labeling Of Airborne Lidar Point Clouds, Serkan Ural Dec 2017

Global Optimization Approach To The Labeling Of Airborne Lidar Point Clouds, Serkan Ural

Open Access Dissertations

Airborne LiDAR systems provide an unstructured 3D sampling of the objects on and above the ground. Building extraction has traditionally been among the most sought-after applications of airborne lidar topographic mapping along with digital elevation model generation. Extracting buildings from point clouds requires the labeling of the point cloud. Recent methods take advantage of the point properties calculated within a local neighborhood to achieve such labeling. Considering only the properties of individual points however, disregards spatial coherence. The relative change of point properties in the immediate surrounding of each point as well as spatial relationships between neighboring points need to …

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Coherent Radiation In Atomic Systems, Robert Tyler Sutherland Dec 2017

Coherent Radiation In Atomic Systems, Robert Tyler Sutherland

Open Access Dissertations

Over the last century, quantum mechanics has dramatically altered our understanding of light and matter. Impressively, exploring the relationship between the two continues to provide important insights into the physics of many-body systems. In this thesis, we add to this still growing field of study. Specifically, we discuss superradiant line-broadening and cooperative dipole-dipole interactions for cold atom clouds in the linear-optics regime. We then discuss how coherent radiation changes both the photon scattering properties and the excitation distribution of atomic arrays. After that, we explore the nature of superradiance in in intially inverted clouds of multi-level atoms. Finally, we explore …

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Micromechanics Based Failure Analysis Of Heterogeneous Materials, Hamsasew M. Sertse Dec 2017

Micromechanics Based Failure Analysis Of Heterogeneous Materials, Hamsasew M. Sertse

Open Access Dissertations

In recent decades, heterogeneous materials are extensively used in various industries such as aerospace, defense, automotive and others due to their desirable specific properties and excellent capability of accumulating damage. Despite their wide use, there are numerous challenges associated with the application of these materials. One of the main challenges is lack of accurate tools to predict the initiation, progression and final failure of these materials under various thermomechanical loading conditions. Although failure is usually treated at the macro and meso-scale level, the initiation and growth of failure is a complex phenomena across multiple scales. The objective of this work …

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The Political Economy Of Tobacco In The Seventeenth Century English Atlantic, Ruth Savidge Turpin Dec 2017

The Political Economy Of Tobacco In The Seventeenth Century English Atlantic, Ruth Savidge Turpin

Open Access Dissertations

This thesis examines the political economy of tobacco in England and the Chesapeake in the seventeenth century, including production and labor, distribution and shipping, markets, taxes, and consumers. Because of James I’s struggles with Parliament, tobacco achieved a special tax status and thus a special relationship to the English Crown. That relationship persisted through the reign of Charles I, across the Interregnum, and into the Restoration. Tobacco was grown as a cash crop in both England and the Chesapeake. In England, production was exclusively by independent landowners hungry for a cash crop. English tobacco growing was outlawed in 1619, but …

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Computational And Theoretical Study Of The Physical Constraints On Chemotaxis, Julien Varennes Dec 2017

Computational And Theoretical Study Of The Physical Constraints On Chemotaxis, Julien Varennes

Open Access Dissertations

Cell chemotaxis is crucial to many biological functions including development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. Chemotaxis is the process in which cells migrate in response to chemical concentration gradients. Recent experiments show that cells are capable of detecting shallow gradients as small as a 1% concentration difference, and multicellular groups can improve on this by an additional order of magnitude. Examples from morphogenesis and metastasis demonstrate collective response to gradients equivalent to a 1 molecule difference in concentration across a cell body. While the physical constraints to cell gradient sensing are well understood, how the sensory information leads to cell …

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Associative Learning Of The Generalist Predator Podisus Maculiventris To Herbivore- Induced Plant Volatiles, Ulianova Vidal-Gómez Dec 2017

Associative Learning Of The Generalist Predator Podisus Maculiventris To Herbivore- Induced Plant Volatiles, Ulianova Vidal-Gómez

Open Access Dissertations

Following herbivore attack, plants produce volatile organic compounds (HIPVs for herbivore induced plant volatiles) that allow predators to find and consume herbivores. The generalist predator Podisus maculiventris likely uses HIPVs in its foraging decisions. I hypothesized that the behavioral responses of this predator to HIPVs are acquired via associative learning, as suggested by theoretical predictions linking natural enemy host range with odor preferences. To evaluate P. maculiventris learning capabilities across different levels of biological organization, I use the tri-trophic system consisting of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), hornworm caterpillars (Manduca sexta), and the predaceous stinkbug Podisus maculiventris to answer the following questions: …

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From Crypt Depths To Carbon Dioxide Equivalents: Characterizing The Interactions Between Swine Nutrition, Health And The Environment, Caitlin Vonderohe Dec 2017

From Crypt Depths To Carbon Dioxide Equivalents: Characterizing The Interactions Between Swine Nutrition, Health And The Environment, Caitlin Vonderohe

Open Access Dissertations

There are many ways to measure the relative success and sustainability of a swine production system. The most economically relevant measures are growth performance and feed conversion. However, other measures such as greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient excretion, health and degree of intestinal inflammation can also be significant reflections of the interaction between nutrition, genetics and environment. Three experiments were conducted to characterize how swine nutrition and management affect the environmental footprint of swine production. The objective of experiment 1 was to determine the effect of reducing dietary crude protein and supplementing synthetic amino acids on growth performance, greenhouse gas emissions …

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Roles Of Time Perception And Expected Action Effects In Selecting Delayed Outcomes From Description And Experience, Aiping Xiong Dec 2017

Roles Of Time Perception And Expected Action Effects In Selecting Delayed Outcomes From Description And Experience, Aiping Xiong

Open Access Dissertations

In everyday life, many action outcomes and the information associated with them (e.g., the receiving time or probability) can be learned through description or experience. Experimental studies of choice behavior document distinct, and sometimes contradictory, deviations from maximization. For example, when people make decisions from described probabilities, they tend to overweight rare events. In contrast, when people make decisions from experienced outcomes, they tend to exhibit the opposite bias. People’s experience is always sequential and extended in time, whereas one-shot descriptions are not. Typically, the chance of something happening relies on individuals’ sampling from the past experience, indicating a probabilistic …

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Experimental Study Of High-Pressure Rotating Detonation Combustion In Rocket Environments, David P. Stechmann Dec 2017

Experimental Study Of High-Pressure Rotating Detonation Combustion In Rocket Environments, David P. Stechmann

Open Access Dissertations

Rotating Detonation Engines (RDEs) represent a promising pressure-gain combustion technology for improving the performance of existing rocket engines. While ample theoretical evidence exists for these benefits in ideal scenarios, additional research is needed to characterize the operational behavior of these devices at high pressure and validate the expected performance gains in practice. To this end, Purdue University developed a high-pressure experimental staged-combustion RDE with a supersonic plug expansion nozzle and conducted four test campaigns using this engine. The first two campaigns employed gaseous hydrogen fuel in conjunction with a liquid oxygen pre-burner. The final two campaigns employed methane and natural …

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Narrative Inquiry Into Understanding Chinese Teachers' Lived Experiences: Interculturalism, Intercultural Education, And Teacher Identity Development, Qing Wang Dec 2017

Narrative Inquiry Into Understanding Chinese Teachers' Lived Experiences: Interculturalism, Intercultural Education, And Teacher Identity Development, Qing Wang

Open Access Dissertations

Globalization brings the trend that intercultural teacher recruitment and migration become more prominent, and teaching internationally is a worldwide phenomenon. My research is aimed at examining Chinese intercultural teachers’ lived experiences and identity development from a theoretical perspective of interculturalism. I employed narrative inquiry as the research methodology to explore the experiences of five Chinese teachers who have teaching experiences in China and in the U.S. To understand the Chinese teachers’ lived experiences and to explore their identity development, I examined the personal disposition and social contexts in which these teachers lived and worked, teaching practices in different cultures, and …

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Structure-Based Design And Synthesis Of Novel Inhibitors Of Hiv-1 Protease And Beta-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1, Heather L. Osswald Dec 2017

Structure-Based Design And Synthesis Of Novel Inhibitors Of Hiv-1 Protease And Beta-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1, Heather L. Osswald

Open Access Dissertations

HIV-1 protease is a critical enzyme in the life cycle of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Targeting this enzyme halts the processing of viral polyproteins into mature and active enzymes which make virulent virions to further spread the infection. The development of the first HIV-1 protease inhibitor (PI) marked the beginning of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1995. Since then, many other first- and second-generation PIs have been designed and clinically evaluated. Still, mutations of the viral enzyme have resulted in drug-resistant strains of HIV, making the development of new, highly potent PIs of dire importance. To this end, …

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Investigation Of Interaction Between Peptide And Lipid Bilayer By Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Ning Xiang Dec 2017

Investigation Of Interaction Between Peptide And Lipid Bilayer By Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Ning Xiang

Open Access Dissertations

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) inactivate microbial cells through pore formation in cell membrane. Because of their different mode of action compared to antibiotics, AMPs can be effectively used to combat drug resistant bacteria in human health. AMPs can also be used to replace antibiotics in animal feed and immobilized on food packaging films. We developed a methodology based on mechanistic evaluation of peptide-lipid bilayer interaction to identify AMPs from soy protein. Production of AMPs from soy protein is an attractive, cost-saving alternative for commercial consideration, because soy protein is an abundant and common protein resource. This methodology is also applicable for …

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Fundamental Studies Of The Silicon Carbide Mos Interface, Steven Swandono Dec 2017

Fundamental Studies Of The Silicon Carbide Mos Interface, Steven Swandono

Open Access Dissertations

Climate change has placed a spotlight on renewable energy. Power electronics are essential to minimize energy loss when electricity is converted to a form used on the power grid. With silicon devices now approaching performance limits, SiC MOSFET can deliver power electronics to greater heights. However, the power capability of SiC MOSFETs is constrained by having low interface carrier mobility. It was coincidentally discovered that MOSFETs with oxide grown in alumina tubes have significantly higher mobility. We believe that the large surface potential fluctuations in SiC MOS interface results in percolation transport, and sodium ions from the alumina tubes reduces …

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Layout Evaluation By Simulation Protocol For Identifying Potential Inefficiencies Created By Medical Building Configuration, Timothy Brian Mcclure Dec 2017

Layout Evaluation By Simulation Protocol For Identifying Potential Inefficiencies Created By Medical Building Configuration, Timothy Brian Mcclure

Open Access Dissertations

With the healthcare industry in a state of change, one focus is on efficiency in the healthcare environment. The trend for architects is a focus on an evidence-based design decision making process. In this context, simulation is gaining acceptance as a source of evidence. This research developed the Layout Evaluation by Simulation (LES) protocol to evaluate the design of a healthcare facility layout. The approach contains a Systems-of-Systems analysis for developing a healthcare delivery (HD) model, a computer model and simulation of an existing medical facility validated by existing data. Then simulations are run through the validated model inserting the …

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Autonomous Guidance Strategy For Spacecraft Formations And Reconfiguration Maneuvers, Theodore P. Wahl Dec 2017

Autonomous Guidance Strategy For Spacecraft Formations And Reconfiguration Maneuvers, Theodore P. Wahl

Open Access Dissertations

A guidance strategy for autonomous spacecraft formation reconfiguration maneuvers is presented. The guidance strategy is presented as an algorithm that solves the linked assignment and delivery problems. The assignment problem is the task of assigning the member spacecraft of the formation to their new positions in the desired formation geometry. The guidance algorithm uses an auction process (also called an “auction algorithm”), presented in the dissertation, to solve the assignment problem. The auction uses the estimated maneuver and time of flight costs between the spacecraft and targets to create assignments which minimize a specific “expense” function for the formation. The …

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Investigations Of Material Response To Fatigue Phenomena In Contacting Bodies, Aditya Walvekar Dec 2017

Investigations Of Material Response To Fatigue Phenomena In Contacting Bodies, Aditya Walvekar

Open Access Dissertations

Investigating the fatigue performance of machine components has been of significant interest to improve reliability and reduce the maintenance costs. In the current work, analytical as well as experimental approaches are used to investigate material response to contact fatigue damage. In particular, two fatigue phenomena namely; fretting fatigue and rolling contact fatigue (RCF) are studied. Fretting fatigue is a damage mechanism observed in machine components subjected to fretting in tandem with fluctuating bulk stresses. A fretting test fixture was developed to investigate fretting fatigue behavior of AISI 4140 vs. Ti-6Al-4V in a cylinder-on-flat contact configuration. The critical damage value for …

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A New Transduction Mechanism For Detecting Biological Radiation Damage Using Metabolic Response Of Yeast As A Surrogate Marker, Chang Keun Yoon Dec 2017

A New Transduction Mechanism For Detecting Biological Radiation Damage Using Metabolic Response Of Yeast As A Surrogate Marker, Chang Keun Yoon

Open Access Dissertations

Radiation was a serendipitous discovery in the late 19th century and since then has been an effective tool utilized in many different fields such as energy, weaponry, medical diagnosis/treatment, food sterilization, and archaeological. As its demand increased in multiple areas, it became necessary to control it more precisely and cautiously, and so began the accelerated development of radiation detectors. Such radiation sensors (or dosimeters) have existed since the beginning of the 20th century in various forms. Most radiation dosimeters in use today are targeted for healthcare and industrial workers who work around high levels of radiation (e.g., hospital personnel and …

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Clustering And Segmentation With Application In Document Image Processing, Haitao Xue Dec 2017

Clustering And Segmentation With Application In Document Image Processing, Haitao Xue

Open Access Dissertations

In this dissertation, we introduce a set of algorithms for document image processing, which are in the research area of color clustering and binarization. Color quantization algorithms are used to select a small number of colors that can accurately represent the content of a particular image. In this research, we introduce a novel color quantization algorithm which is based on the minimization of a modifed Lp norm rather than the more traditional L2 norm associated with mean square error (MSE) [1]. We demonstrate that the Lp optimization approach has two advantages. First, it produces more accurate perceived quality results, especially …

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Modulation Of Bcr Signaling By The Induced Dimerization Of Receptor- Associated Syk, Mark L. Westbroek Dec 2017

Modulation Of Bcr Signaling By The Induced Dimerization Of Receptor- Associated Syk, Mark L. Westbroek

Open Access Dissertations

Clustering of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) by polyvalent antigens is transmitted through the SYK tyrosine kinase to the activation of multiple intracellular pathways that determine the physiological consequences of receptor engagement. To explore factors that modulate the quantity and quality of signals sent by the crosslinked BCR, I developed a novel chemical mediator of dimerization to induce clustering of receptor-associated SYK. To accomplish this, I fused SYK with E. coli dihydrofolate reductase (eDHFR), which binds the small molecule trimethoprim (TMP) with high affinity and selectivity, and synthesized a dimer of TMP with a flexible linker. The binding of …

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