Digital Commons Network^™

Man’S Worst Friend In The Spotlight: Cutting Edge Knowledge On Rats, Lauren Lipsky

2017 All Essays

No abstract provided.

Solid Waste Management In The Developing World: The Role Of Local Government In Kisumu, Kenya, Rachel Schlueter

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

As the world becomes more urbanized, more waste is being produced. According to United Nations projections in 2014, 66% of the world’s population will be living in cities by 2050 with the majority of growth occurring in African cities. Managing urban waste in lower-middle income countries, such as Kenya, poses a particular challenge as income levels rise, municipal capacities are stretched, and foreign loans complicate accountability. This project sought to assess the practical role of local government when managing solid waste in the context of long-term development strategies. The objectives of this study are to first establish the current role …

Utilization And Accessibility Of Securinega Virosa For Medical Use In Morogoro Municipality, Sasha Friedrich

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Approximately 80% of rural communities in Tanzania utilize the services of traditional healers. This is largely because modern medicine is often expensive, inaccessible, or has undesirable side effects. This study investigates use of traditional medicine in Morogoro Urban district where people do have access to hospitals. In particular, this study aims to assess the utilization and accessibility the plant species Securinega virosa for medicinal use by identifying and interviewing the actors involved in the supply chain from harvester to consumer. I conducted semi-structured interviews with eight traditional healers and one herbal medicine shopkeeper. I expected harvesters to express a decline …

Editorial: Critical Perspectives On Deviance And Social Control In Rural Africa, Biko Agozino

African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies

There is an urban and western bias in criminology as a sub-field of sociology compared to the preoccupation of colonial anthropology with rural cultures in search of ‘intelligence’ that would facilitate the colonization of the natives. This papyrus surveys the efforts by scholars to critically account for the phenomena of deviance and social control in Africa from the distant past to the present. There is a consensus that human life originated in Africa and that Africans pioneered the building of cities before this form of human settlement spread to other parts of the world. Hence, the study of deviance and …

Public Perception Of Leadership In The Municipal Solid Waste Sector, Allison Creeger

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

No abstract provided.

Regulating The Packaged Water Industry In Africa: Challenges And Recommendations, Jessica Vapnek, Ashley R. Williams

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Urban Agriculture And The Use Of Icts In Accessing And Disseminating Livestock Husbandry Information In Urban Areas Of Tanzania. A Review Of Related Literature., Consolata Angello 1

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This review summarizes relevant research on the relevance of urban agriculture and how best various Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can be used in accessing and disseminating livestock husbandry information, in order to improve livestock husbandry practices in urban areas. Specifically, it reviews studies that have been conducted in relation to urban agricultural practices, the challenges of keeping livestock in urban areas and the solutions to overcome the challenges of urban livestock keeping. The review also discusses the extent of ICT integration in agriculture from a global perspective and specifically in Africa and Tanzania. The review focuses on the information …

The Effectiveness Of Sanitary Inspections As A Risk Assessment Tool For Thermotolerant Coliform Bacteria Contamination Of Rural Drinking Water: A Review Of Data From West Bengal, India, Christian Snoad, Corey L. Nagel, Animesh Bhattacharya, Evan A. Thomas

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The use of sanitary inspections combined with periodic water quality testing has been recommended in some cases as screening tools for fecal contamination. We conducted sanitary inspections and tested for thermotolerant coliforms (TTCs), a fecal indicator bacteria, among 7,317 unique water sources in West Bengal, India. Our results indicate that the sanitary inspection score has poor ability to identify TTC-contaminated sources. Among deep and shallow hand pumps, the area under curve (AUC) for prediction of TTC > 0 was 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.53–0.61) and 0.58 (95% CI = 0.54–0.62), respectively, indicating that the sanitary inspection score was only …

47th Annual Wku Student Research Conference, Student Research Council,

Student Research Conference Select Presentations

See document below for project abstracts

Oral Health In Transition: The Hadza Foragers Of Tanzania, Alyssa N. Crittenden, John Sorrentino, Sheniz A. Moonie, Mika Peterson, Audax Mabulla, Peter S. Ungar

Anthropology Faculty Research

Conventional wisdom holds that a decline in oral health accompanies the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture, given increased consumption of carbohydrates. This widely touted example of the mismatch between our biology and modern lifestyle has been intuited largely from the bioarchaeological record of the Neolithic Revolution in the New World. Recent studies of other populations have, however, challenged the universality of this assertion. Here, we present the first comprehensive study of oral health among a living population in transition from the bush to village life, the Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania, to test the hypothesis that the shift from …

An Exploratory Study Of Child Sexual Abuse In Tanzania, Denis Mccrann

Doctoral

There are no prevalence data for childhood sexual abuse among Tanzanian university students. This investigation addressed this paucity. The nature of sexual abuse and the contextual issues exacerbating the problem of CSA were explored. The research questions explored were as follows: 1. At what rate do university students in Tanzania report experiences of child sexual abuse? 2. What is the nature of child sexual abuse in Tanzania? 3. Who perpetrates child sexual abuse in Tanzania? 4. What are the effects/consequences of child sexual abuse in Tanzania? 5. What are the causes of child sexual abuse in Tanzania? An ecological framework …

What To Keep, What To Let Go: The Case Of Indians From Nyasaland, Debra Nicholson

Africana Studies Student Research Conference (2013-2019)

This paper examines how identity may be constructed in the case of multiple transnational migrations within just a couple of generations, using an example (or examples) of immigrants from India to Nyasaland (present-day Malawi) to Great Britain to Canada.

What happens to your sense of identity when your Indian ancestors emigrate to Nyasaland, you grow up there, but around 1964, soon after independence from Great Britain, all Indians, including you and your family, are deported from your homeland of Nyasaland?

In one case study analyzed in this paper, a Nyasa Catholic woman of Indian descent first travels to Great Britain …

Posters-At-The-Capitol 2017 Program Booklet, Posters-At-The-Capitol

Posters-at-the-Capitol

Posters-at-the-Capitol 2017 Program Booklet

Contents:

Welcoming Remarks

Posters-at-the-Capitol Organizing Committee

Welcome Letter from Mr. Robert King

Schedule of Activities

Mezzanine Map

Participant Listings

Eastern Kentucky University

Kentucky State University

Kentucky Community & Technical College System

Morehead State University

Murray State University

Northern Kentucky University

University of Louisville

University of Kentucky

Western Kentucky University

Programs of Distinction

Student Abstracts

Antecedents For Actual Usage Intentions Of Open Access Journals In Agricultural Research Institutions In Tanzania, Zainabu Zuberi Massoro, Roslina Othman Prof.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The purpose of this paper is to examine antecedents that predict researchers’ usage intention of Open Access Journals (OAJs) in Tanzania, with a specific focus on the Agricultural Research Institutes (ARIs). Specifically, the study investigates major predictors of usage intentions of OAJs. Data were collected from pilot study. A total of 60 (85.71%) usable questionnaires out of 70 were returned. The study utilized the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). The results show that attitude, content respectability and predatory publishers have insignificant effect on usage intention, while subjective norms and intention shows statistically significant effect on OAJs usage behavior. The study …

Capital Markets Financing For Agricultural Business Development In Tanzania; A Case Of Cocoa Farming In Kyela And Rungwe Districts, Godfrey Frank Molela

The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance

This study tries to explore the financing opportunity for smallholder cocoa farmers available at capital markets through enterprise growth market (EGM) financing window. The research findings from 122 cocoa farmers revealed that, in average a single cocoa farmer needed Tshs. 551,808.12 per acre as capital investment in a given season. At the time of data collection the cocoa prices at London and New York futures markets were Tshs. 6,266.75/Kg and Tshs. 6,148.62/Kg respectively at prevailed rates which were far above the production cost. In this case the envisaged gross margin was sufficient to service issuers’ interest of running their business …

Pit Latrine Fecal Sludge Resistance Using A Dynamic Cone Penetrometer In Low Income Areas In Mzuzu City, Malawi., Charles F.C. Chirwa, Ralph P. Hall, Leigh Anne H. Krometis, Eric A. Vance, Adam Edwards, Ting Guan, Rochelle H. Holm

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Pit latrines can provide improved household sanitation, but without effective and inexpensive emptying options, they are often abandoned once full and may pose a public health threat. Emptying techniques can be difficult, as the sludge contents of each pit latrine are different. The design of effective emptying techniques (e.g., pumps) is limited by a lack of data characterizing typical in situ latrine sludge resistance. This investigation aimed to better understand the community education and technical engineering needs necessary to improve pit latrine management. In low income areas within Mzuzu city, Malawi, 300 pit latrines from three distinct areas were assessed …

Training Nurses In Task-Shifting Strategies For The Management And Control Of Hypertension In Ghana: A Mixed-Methods Study, Joyce Gyamfi, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Juliet Iwelunmor, Debbie Lee, Sarah R. Blackstone, Alicia Mitchell, Michael Ntim, Kingsley Apusiga, Bamidele Tayo, Kwasi Yeboah-Awudzi, Richard Cooper, Gbenga Ogedegbe

Faculty Publications

Background: Nurses in Ghana play a vital role in the delivery of primary health care at both the household and community level. However, there is lack of information on task shifting the management and control of hypertension to community health nurses in low- and middle-income countries including Ghana. The purpose of this study was to assess nurses' knowledge and practice of hypertension management and control pre- and post-training utilizing task-shifting strategies for hypertension control in Ghana (TASSH). Methods: A pre- and post- test survey was administered to 64 community health nurses (CHNs) and enrolled nurses (ENs) employed in community health …

Georgia College Celebration Of Faculty Scholarship 2016, Georgia College & State University

Celebration of Faculty Scholarship

TThis is the booklet that contains faculty scholarship achievements at Georgia College in 2016.

E-Government As A Tool For Stability And Socio-Economic Development In Post-Conflict Libya., Abdulmajid H. Mohamed

Faculty Articles

Usually, great challenges lie ahead of any post-conflict government, especially in states that have historically been under dictatorship, like Libya. It has been six years since the violent regime change that took place in Libya in 2011, yet no signs of improvement is foreseen in public service delivery and constructive citizen participation in influencing national policy formation and evaluation. In fact, the situation of public services has been worsened due to the absence of political and executive power from a strong, united government. The resulting widespread of collective frustration and political uncertainty has become a catalyst for a more defective …

Vector Potential Of Aedes (Stegomyia) Spp. Populations And Risk Of Dengue And Yellow Fever Virus Transmission In Three Kenyan Cities, Sheila Biloh Agha

All PhD Dissertations

Dengue (DENV) and Yellow fever (YFV) viruses are medically important flaviviruses that are transmitted by Aedes mosquito vectors of the subgenus Stegomyia especially Aedes aegypti and Aedes bromeliae, respectively, in East Africa.Urbanization has been identified as a major driver in the emergence of these diseases because of the permissive environment it creates promoting the convergence of susceptible human hosts and local vectors. However, while dengue outbreaks have mainly been reported in urban and semi-urban areas of East Africa, yellow fever outbreaks remain limited to the sylvatic cycle. Urban outbreaks may be facilitated by adaptation of the viruses to sylvatic vectors. …

Public Theology Or Private Bewitchment?, Grant Miller, Reuben Lang’At

Papers

No abstract provided.

2017 Abstracts Student Research Conference, Student Research Conference

Student Research Conference Select Presentations

No abstract provided.

Apopo Annual Report 2017, Apopo

Global CWD Repository

APOPO is a global nonprofit organization that researches, develops, and implements scent-detection technology to combat global humanitarian issues. APOPO’s detection rats currently detect landmines or tuberculosis in 5 affected countries around the world.

The rats are trained through clicker/reward methods, receiving tasty food treats when they identify explosives or tuberculosis. They are never harmed, because they are too light to actually set off any landmines and are cared for under strict animal welfare guidelines.

APOPO has mine action programmes in Angola, Cambodia, and Mozambique and is preparing operations in Zimbabwe and Colombia. APOPO also detects tuberculosis in Tanzania and Mozambique, …

Icipe Annual Report 2017, International Centre Of Insect Physiology And Ecology (Icipe)

icipe Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Non-Communicable Diseases And Related Risk Behaviors Among Men And Women Living With Hiv In Cambodia: Findings From A Cross-Sectional Study, Pheak Chhoun, Chanrith Ngin, Martin Steel, Jennifer Dionisio, Hattie Pearson, Carinne M. Brody, Siyan Yi

Background: There is a growing concern for an increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in people living with HIV. This concern is evident especially in developing countries where dietary and lifestyle risk factors associated with NCDs are becoming more prominent. This study explored the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia and related risk factors in men and women living with HIV in Cambodia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 510 adult people living with HIV randomly selected from one city and four provinces in Cambodia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, …

The Plight Of Tanzanian Persons With Albinism: A Case For International Refugee And Asylum Procedure Reform, Monaliza Seepersaud

Emory International Law Review

Reforming asylum and refugee procedures is a global necessity. This Comment illustrates such necessity by introducing the case study of albino hunting in Tanzania. Current international asylum and refugee procedures prohibit persons with albinism (PWAs) from receiving protection from persecution. This Comment explores the state of affairs in Tanzania regarding the crisis of albino hunting and analyzes the Tanzanian governmental response as well as the international community's response to the crisis. It then analyzes the ineffectiveness of current international law surrounding asylum and refugee procedures under the 1951 Convention, and examines the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) policies …

Quality Assurance Self-Assessment: A Catalyst At Aga Khan University, Tashmin Khamis, Khairunnisa Dhamani

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

This article describes the establishment of the Aga Khan University’s Network of Quality Assurance and Improvement in promoting the principles of quality in its programmes. As an international university, the experiences and lessons learned have the potential to inform quality assurance and improvement in similar contexts. The authors reflect on past attempts to improve the quality of educational offerings, which were primarily traditional quality assurance audits. With the advent of the Inter-University Council for East Africa self-assessment process, the next generation of quality assurance and improvement was launched for the Aga Khan University programmes. They found the self-assessment process effective …

Cryptic Biodiversity And Phylogeographic Patterns Of Seychellois Ligia Isopods, Carlos A. Santamaria, Joanna K. Bluemel, Nancy Bunbury, Melinda Curran

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

Ligia isopods are conspicuous inhabitants of rocky intertidal habitats exhibiting several biological traits that severely limit their dispersal potential. Their presence in patchy habitats and low vagility may lead to long term isolation, allopatric isolation and possible cryptic speciation. Indeed, various species of Ligia have been suggested to represent instead cryptic species complexes. Past studies; however, have largely focused in Eastern Pacific and Atlantic species of Ligia, leaving in doubt whether cryptic diversity occurs in other highly biodiverse areas. The Seychelles consists of 115 islands of different ages and geological origins spread across the western Indian Ocean. They are …

Aga Khan University, Report 2017, Aga Khan University

The Aga Khan University Reports Archives

• Chancellor’s Message
• Chairman’s Message
• President’s Message
• Timeline of Highlights /By the Numbers
• Ready for the Rise of Non-communicable Diseases
• Building Better Education Systems
• Talking About Their Generation
• Setting the Agenda in Maternal and Child Health and Development
• Alumni Survey Demonstrates Impact
• Giving Nature a Voice
• Pluralism in Action
• Leading the Way in East African Nursing and Midwifery
• Virtual Reality, Real-World Results
• A New Hospital for Uganda
• Supporters & Partners
• Board of Trustees and Executive Team
• Financial Highlights
• The World of AKU

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex In The Western Cape, South Africa: The Clinical Presentation Features, E. Kija, B. Schlegel, Pauline Samia, M. Wessels, J. M. Wilmshurst

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic neurocutaneous condition, which affects multiple organ systems. This study aimed to determine the presenting features of children with TSC in Cape Town, South Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a TSC clinic, and clinical features at presentation were prospectively collected. Thirty-nine children (23 boys; median age 10 (range 1 - 26) years; median diagnosis age 16 (0 - 153) months) were recruited. Twenty-one (54%) children presented with focal seizures. Seven (18%) children had epileptic spasms. Skin manifestations led to a diagnosis in 13 (33%) and neuroimaging in 22 (56%) children. Antenatal screening …