Digital Commons Network^™

Atlas Of Maine: Change In Population From 2000 To 2010, Dawon Lee

Atlas of Maine

This atlas of Maine depicts the change in population from 2000 to 2010. The population difference for over 500 towns of Maine was computed. The change in township population ranged from -967 to 2240 people. Green indicates a decrease in population, and red indicates an increase in population. An adjusted equal interval was used to encompass the entire range and to clearly classify the breaks in population change. The map also outlines major cities, railroad, routes, highways, and counties.

Metadata includes the Minor Civil Divisions/ Census County Division – Census 2000 and the Minor Civil Divisions/ Census County Division – …

Atlas Of Maine: Maine State Senate Voting Districts & Median Household Income, Emily Geske

Atlas of Maine

This map highlights regions in Maine that vote Democratic and Republican as well as shows the income distribution throughout the state by county. In addition, it displays the relationship between County median household income and the percentage of votes that a Republican Maine State Senate candidate received in the 2014 election. ArcGIS was used to create this map incorporating GIS layers from the Maine Office of GIS and used data from Ballotpedia to create additional layers. The map uses the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) and the Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 19N projection.

Susceptibility Of United States Ski Resorts To The Effects Of Climate Change, Greyson M. Butler

Atlas of Maine

Across large regions of North America, warming global temperatures are expected to detrimentally reduce mountain snowpack accumulation and duration during the winter months. Mountain resorts are reliant on snowpack to generate a significant portion of their income through the ski industry. By 2100, experts have predicted that many alpine ski resorts could lose up to 70% of natural snow cover, leaving many resorts needing to turn to expensive, artificial snowmaking to supplement natural snowfall.

This study attempts to model the potential impact climate change will have on US ski resorts’ abilities to generate snowpack during the winter months in 2070 …

Atlas Of Maine: Overlap Of Atlantic Salmon Habitat And Dams In Maine, Katherine A. Donchik

Atlas of Maine

This map displays the relationship between Atlantic salmon habitat range and the location of dams in Maine. All data were gathered through the Maine Office of GIS. Data includes point data for the dams/impounds. Linear data are represented as the Atlantic Salmon Habitat and the rivers and streams. Hillshade and county outlines are also included on this map. The map is displayed using the UTM Zone 19N projections.

Distribution Of Native Tree Species Richness In Maine, Katherine A. Donchik, Tom Kiffney

Atlas of Maine

In this study we ask what parts of Maine have the highest number of different native tree species. Additionally, we investigate whether development is increasing in the areas with highest species richness. Shifts in population location can lead to more development, patch creation, and put strain on an ecosystem.

Spread Of The Invasive Hemlock Woolly Adelgid, Zoe C. Dickerson, Joanna L. Keel

Atlas of Maine

We created three maps using Arc GIS and projected them using the USA Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic projected coordinate system. The first depicts the spread of the hemlock woolly adelgid since its introduction to the United States. The second shows areas that are most at risk to future spread according to a model we created. The final map serves to test our model for predicting future spread.

Atlas Of Maine: Colleges & Universities Of Maine, Greyson M. Butler

Atlas of Maine

This map depicts the location and enrollment of colleges and universities based in Maine. Locations and enrollments of schools are compared to the underlying population of the state of Maine. Counties and major highways are displayed for spatial reference. All data projected in NAD1983 UTM Zone 19N.

Hrec Members' Personal Values Influence Decision Making In Contentious Cases, Boris Handal, Kevin Watson, Keagan Brewer, Marc Fellman, Marguerite Maher

Education Papers and Journal Articles

This article identifies 14 contentious issues faced by Human Research Ethics Committees (HRECs). The authors argue that HREC members will respond variably to these issues based on their own fundamental values and worldview. In particular, we propose that personal interpretations of current ethics regulations and HREC members’ attitudes to consequentialism, Kantianism, and utilitarianism in some cases affect their responses to contentious research issues. We seek to promote understanding of how personal and professional back­grounds of HREC reviewers influence their approaches to value-laden issues embedded in ethics applications. Taking the form of a literature review, our con­tribution highlights the need for …

Impact Of A Co2 Gradient On The Behavior Of The Red Crayfish, Procambarus Clarkii, Elise N. Paietta, Lynn K. Hartzler

Biological Sciences Student Publications

With carbon dioxide levels on the rise, studies to investigate the possible detriment that climate change will have on our ecosystems and the organisms that live within them are essential. The field lacks an abundance of studies focusing on the effects of rising CO2 levels on freshwater organisms. This study looks at the effects of a CO2 gradient on the freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii. The gradient allows the crayfish to choose to avoid or prefer the higher carbon dioxide levels. Previous studies have looked at the effect of high CO2 levels, decreased pH, on a variety of crustaceans, but did …

Decreased Edhf-Mediated Relaxation Is A Major Mechanism In Endothelial Dysfunction In Resistance Arteries In Aged Mice On Prolonged High- Fat Sucrose Diet, S. M. Dunn, R. H. Hilgers, K. C. Das

Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Functional Selective D2 Ligands For The Treatment Of Schizophrenia, X. Chen, G. Gumina

Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Knowledge Level And Perceptions Of Pharmacists And Prescribers Regarding Boxed Warnings, M. Adams, V. Clinard, W. D. Rich

Public Health

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of The Summarization/Paraphrasing Strategy, Frayer Model, And Student Engagement On Reading Comprehension, Yolanda Janiece Reilly

Education Dissertations and Projects

This mixed-methods research examined student achievement in reading comprehension as measured by the North Carolina End-of-Grade Test for Reading Comprehension, and specific reading strategies (Frayer Model & Summarization/Paraphrasing strategy) in Grades 6–8 classrooms. The purpose of this research was to determine if a difference exists in student reading comprehension achievement between students instructed using the Frayer Model and students instructed using the Summarizing/Paraphrasing strategy, when used with fidelity, and which reading strategy students found to be more engaging between the Frayer Model and Summarization/Paraphrasing strategy. Engagement is a major factor in education that impacts achievement in the classroom as well …

Biologically Active Filters: An Advanced Treatment Process For Pharmaceuticals And Personal Care Products, Shuangyi Zhang

Dissertations

With the increasing concern of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in source water, this study examines the hypothesis that existing filters and adsorbents in water treatment plants can be converted to biologically active filters (BAFs) to treat these compounds. Removals through bench-scale BAFs are evaluated as a function of media, granular activated carbon (GAC) and dual-media, empty bed contact time (EBCT), and pre-ozonation. For GAC BAFs, greater oxygen consumption, increased pH drop, and greater DOC removal normalized to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are observed indicating a different microbial community compared to dual-media BAFs. ATP concentrations in the upper portion of …

Folding Nature Back Upon Itself: Aristotle And The Rebirth Of "Physis", Marjolein Oele

Philosophy

“Folding Nature Back Upon Itself: Aristotle and the Rebirth of Physis,” confronts us with nature’s receding presence and proposes to think through a rebirth of physis. Following Aristotle’s concept of physis, this paper locates two axes along which such a rethinking of physis can take place. The first axis is vertical, and turns around the fundamental tension that each natural being faces in seeking to overcome its own matter in order to reach transcendence. The second axis is horizontal, and follows Aristotle’s ideas that physis cannot unfold unless aided, stimulated, nurtured and enforced by external factors such as one’s environment, …

Coral Bleaching And The Effect Of Disturbances On The Damselfish Community On Lizard Island, Australia, Alejandra Munoz

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Coral reefs are characterized by their dynamic ecological processes that supports a high diversity through the recruitment of marine species and temporal disturbances that can have positive effects on the system. In the face of global climate change however, coral reefs face intense coral bleaching and increased degradation as they may begin to have less time to recover between bleaching events in the near future. Little is known on the long term effects of coral bleaching and habitat degradation on reef fish communities and much less is known about the mechanisms that bring about changes to reef fish assemblages.

This …

"Tell Him I'M Gone" On The Margins In High-Tech City, Rachel Brahinsky

Politics

No abstract provided.

Unboxing Cluster Heatmaps, Sophie J. Engle, S. Whalen, Alark Joshi, K. Pollard

Computer Science

Background: Cluster heatmaps are commonly used in biology and related fields to reveal hierarchical clusters in data matrices. This visualization technique has high data density and reveal clusters better than unordered heatmaps alone. However, cluster heatmaps have known issues making them both time consuming to use and prone to error. We hypothesize that visualization techniques without the rigid grid constraint of cluster heatmaps will perform better at clustering-related tasks.

Results: We developed an approach to “unbox” the heatmap values and embed them directly in the hierarchical clustering results, allowing us to use standard hierarchical visualization techniques as alternatives …

Macalester Today Winter 2017, Macalester College

Macalester Today

No abstract provided.

Can Community Structure Track Sea-Level Rise? Stress And Competitive Controls In Tidal Wetlands, Lisa M. Schile, John Callaway, K M. Suding, N M. Kelly

Environmental Science

Climate change impacts, such as accelerated sea-level rise, will affect stress gradients, yet impacts on competition/stress tolerance trade-offs and shifts in distributions are unclear. Ecosystems with strong stress gradients, such as estuaries, allow for space-for-time substitutions of stress factors and can give insight into future climate-related shifts in both resource and nonresource stresses. We tested the stress gradient hypothesis and examined the effect of increased inundation stress and biotic interactions on growth and survival of two congeneric wetland sedges, Schoenoplectus acutus and Schoenoplectus americanus. We simulated sea-level rise across existing marsh elevations and those not currently found to reflect …

A Modified Peer Rating System To Recognise Rating Skill As A Learning Outcome, Violet Cheung, Saera R. Khan

Psychology

The peer rating system used here advances the quantitative literacy goals outlined in social sciences. We instituted a mid-semester intervention to teach rating skills and used an objective index to track longitudinal changes of skill mastery over the course of the semester. Seventy-four students in five advanced research classes followed the procedure of the existing peer rating system by completing reading assignments, writing reflections online, engaging in class discussions, rating their peers’ reflections, and receiving feedback of their group effort. Unique to our modified system, peer ratings were compared with each other and also with the instructor ratings to derive …

A Redox-Neutral Catechol Synthesis, Q. Wu, D. Yan, Y. Chen, T. Wang, F. Xiong, W. Wei, Y. Lu, W. Sun, Jie Jack Li, J. Zhao

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Ubiquitous tyrosinase catalyses the aerobic oxidation of phenols to catechols through the binuclear copper centres. Here, inspired by the Fischer indole synthesis, we report an iridium-catalysed tyrosinase-like approach to catechols, employing an oxyacetamide-directed C–H hydroxylation on phenols. This method achieves one-step, redox-neutral synthesis of catechols with diverse substituent groups under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies confirm that the directing group (DG) oxyacetamide acts as the oxygen source. This strategy has been applied to the synthesis of different important catechols with fluorescent property and bioactivity from the corresponding phenols. Finally, our method also provides a convenient route to ¹⁸O-labelled catechols using …

Long-Term Analysis Of The Asynchronicity Between Temperature And Precipitation Maxima In The United States Great Plains, Paul Flanagan, Jeffrey B. Basara, Xiangming Xiao

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Agriculture is a critical industry to the economy of the Great Plains (GP) region of North America and sensitive to change in weather and climate. Thus, improved knowledge of meteorological and climatological conditions during the growing season and associated variability across spatial and temporal scales is important. A distinct climate feature in the GP is the asynchronicity (AS) between the timing of temperature and precipitation maxima. This study investigated a long-term observational data set to quantify the AS and to address the impacts of climate variability and change. Global Historical Climate Network Daily (GHCN-Daily) data were utilized for this study; …

Complex Variation In Habitat Selection Strategies Among Individuals Driven By Extrinsic Factors, Edward J. Raynor, Hawthorne L. Beyer, John M. Briggs, Anthony Joern

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Understanding behavioral strategies employed by animals to maximize fitness in the face of environmental heterogeneity, variability, and uncertainty is a central aim of animal ecology. Flexibility in behavior may be key to how animals respond to climate and environmental change. Using a mechanistic modeling framework for simultaneously quantifying the effects of habitat preference and intrinsic movement on space use at the landscape scale, we investigate how movement and habitat selection vary among individuals and years in response to forage quality–quantity tradeoffs, environmental conditions, and variable annual climate. We evaluated the association of dynamic, biotic forage resources and static, abiotic landscape …

The Roles Of Ecology, Behavior And Effective Population Size In The Evolution Of A Community., C.M. Hung, S. Drovetski, R. M. Zink

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Reproductive Ecology Of Interior Least Tern And Piping Plover In Relation To Platte River Hydrology And Sandbar Dynamics, Jason M. Farnsworth, David M. Baasch, Chadwin B. Smith, Kevin L. Werbylo

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Investigations of breeding ecology of interior least tern (Sternula antillarum athalassos) and piping plover (Charadrius melodus) in the Platte River basin in Nebraska, USA, have embraced the idea that these species are physiologically adapted to begin nesting concurrent with the cessation of spring floods. Low use and productivity on contemporary Platte River sandbars have been attributed to anthropomorphically driven changes in basin hydrology and channel morphology or to unusually late annual runoff events. We examined distributions of least tern and piping plover nest initiation dates in relation to the hydrology of the historical central Platte River …

Temporal Migration Shifts In The Aransas-Wood Buffalo Population Of Whooping Cranes (Grus Americana) Across North America, Joel G. Jorgensen, Mary Bomberger Brown

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Birds are altering the phenology of critical life history events, including migration, in response to the effects of global climate change. Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) are one of the most critically endangered birds in the world. Their remnant population, referred to as the Aransas-Wood Buffalo Population, numbers between 300-400 individuals and migrates between the U.S. Gulf of Mexico coast and north-central Canada twice each year. Previous analyses suggested Whooping Crane migration was temporally constant in spring and fall. New analyses of observations spanning 1942-2016 show Whooping Crane migration is now occurring earlier in spring by approximately 22 days …

Drivers Of Nitrogen Transfer In Stream Food Webs Across Continents, B. C. Norman, M. R. Whiles, S. M. Collins, A. S. Flecker, S. K. Hamilton, S. L. Johnson, E. J. Rosi-Marshall, L. R. Ashkenas, W. B. Bowden, C. L. Crenshaw, T. Crowl, W. K. Dodds, R. O. Hall, R. El-Sabaawi, N. A. Griffiths, E. Marti, W. H. Mcdowell, S. D. Peterson, H. M. Rantala, T. Riis, K. S. Simon, J. L. Tank, S. A. Thomas, D. Von Schiller, J. R. Webster

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Studies of trophic-level material and energy transfers are central to ecology. The use of isotopic tracers has now made it possible to measure trophic transfer efficiencies of important nutrients and to better understand how these materials move through food webs. We analyzed data from thirteen ¹⁵N-ammonium tracer addition experiments to quantify N transfer from basal resources to animals in headwater streams with varying physical, chemical, and biological features. N transfer efficiencies from primary uptake compartments (PUCs; heterotrophic microorganisms and primary producers) to primary consumers was lower (mean: 11.5%, range:100%). Total N transferred (as a rate) was greater in streams …

Partitioning Assimilatory Nitrogen Uptake In Streams: An Analysis Of Stable Isotope Tracer Additions Across Continents, J. L. Tank, E. Martí, T. Riis, D. Von Schiller, A. J. Reisinger, W. K. Dodds, M. R. Whiles, L. R. Ashkenas, W. B. Bowden, S. M. Collins, C. L. Crenshaw, T. A. Crowl, N. A. Griffiths, N. B. Grimm, S. K. Hamilton, S. L. Johnson, W. H. Mcdowell, B. M. Norman, E. J. Rosi, K. S. Simon, S. A. Thomas, J. R. Webster

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Headwater streams remove, transform, and store inorganic nitrogen (N) delivered from surrounding watersheds, but excessive N inputs from human activity can saturate removal capacity. Most research has focused on quantifying N removal from the water column over short periods and in individual reaches, and these ecosystem-scale measurements suggest that assimilatory N uptake accounts for most N removal. However, cross-system comparisons addressing the relative role of particular biota responsible for incorporating inorganic N into biomass are lacking. Here we assess the importance of different primary uptake compartments on reach-scale ammonium (NH₄⁺-N) uptake and storage across a wide range …

Tolerance: The Forgotten Child Of Plant Resistance, Robert K. D. Peterson, Andrea C. Varella, Leon G. Higley

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Plant resistance against insect herbivory has greatly focused on antibiosis, whereby the plant has a deleterious effect on the herbivore, and antixenosis, whereby the plant is able to direct the herbivore away from it. Although these two types of resistance may reduce injury and yield loss, they can produce selection pressures on insect herbivores that lead to pest resistance. Tolerance, on the other hand, is a more sustainable pest management strategy because it involves only a plant response and therefore does not cause evolution of resistance in target pest populations. Despite its attractive attributes, tolerance has been poorly studied and …