Digital Commons Network^™

Roger Williams University Course Will Equip Shellfish Farmers, Public Affairs, Roger Williams University

Featured News Story

Non-credit course will teach basic shellfish farming theory and technique.

Unh Researcher Finds Limited Sign Of Soil Adaptation To Climate Warming, Serita Frey, Lori Tyler Gula

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

Jefferson Digital Commons Quarterly Report: October-December 2016, Daniel G. Kipnis, Msi, Kelsey Duinkerken, Msi, James Copeland, Libt

Jefferson Digital Commons Reports

This quarterly report includes:

• New departments joining the JDC
• Statistics for 2016
• Assorted assets added to the JDC in the last quarter
• What people are saying about the JDC

Small Rna Zippers Lock Mirna Molecules And Block Mirna Function In Mammalian Cells., Lingyu Meng, Cuicui Liu, Jinhui Lü, Qian Zhao, Shengqiong Deng, Guangxue Wang, Jing Qiao, Chuyi Zhang, Lixiao Zhen, Ying Lu, Wenshu Li, Yuzhen Zhang, Richard G. Pestell, Huiming Fan, Yi-Han Chen, Zhongmin Liu, Zuoren Yu

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) loss-of-function phenotypes are mainly induced by chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides. Here we develop an alternative inhibitor for miRNAs, termed 'small RNA zipper'. It is designed to connect miRNA molecules end to end, forming a DNA-RNA duplex through a complementary interaction with high affinity, high specificity and high stability. Two miRNAs, miR-221 and miR-17, are tested in human breast cancer cell lines, demonstrating the 70∼90% knockdown of miRNA levels by 30-50 nM small RNA zippers. The miR-221 zipper shows capability in rescuing the expression of target genes of miR-221 and reversing the oncogenic function of miR-221 in breast cancer …

Sesquiterpene Synthase Gene And Protein, Joseph Chappell, Bryan T. Greenhagen

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

The invention relates to sesquiterpene synthases and methods for their production and use. Particularly, the invention provides nucleic acids comprising the nucleotide sequence of citrus valencene synthase (CVS) which codes for at least one CVS. The invention further provides nucleic acids comprising the nucleotide sequence coding for amino acid residues forming the tier 1 and tier 2 domains of CVS. The invention also provides for methods of making and using the nucleic acids and amino acids of the current invention.

Streptomyces Exploration Is Triggered By Fungal Interactions And Volatile Signals, Stephanie E. Jones, Louis Ho, Christiaan A. Rees, Jane E. Hill, Justin R. Nodwell, Marie A. Elliot

Dartmouth Scholarship

It has long been thought that the life cycle of Streptomyces bacteria encompasses three developmental stages: vegetative hyphae, aerial hyphae and spores. Here, we show interactions between Streptomyces and fungi trigger a previously unobserved mode of Streptomyces development. We term these Streptomyces cells ‘explorers’, for their ability to adopt a non-branching vegetative hyphal conformation and rapidly transverse solid surfaces. Fungi trigger Streptomyces exploratory growth in part by altering the composition of the growth medium, and Streptomyces explorer cells can communicate this exploratory behaviour to other physically separated streptomycetes using an airborne volatile organic compound (VOC). These results reveal that interkingdom …

Pre- Versus Post-Exercise Protein Intake Has Similar Effects On Muscular Adaptations, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Alan A. Aragon, Colin Wilborn, Stacie L. Urbina, Sara E. Hayward, James Kriegor

Publications and Research

The purpose of this study was to test the anabolic window theory by investigating muscle strength, hypertrophy, and body composition changes in response to an equal dose of protein consumed either immediately pre- versus post-resistance training (RT) in trained men. Subjects were 21 resistance-trained men (>1 year RT experience) recruited from a university population. After baseline testing, participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 experimental groups: a group that consumed a supplement containing 25 g protein and 1 g carbohydrate immediately prior to exercise (PRE-SUPP) (nD9) or a group that consumed the same supplement immediately post-exercise (POST- SUPP) …

Unh Research: Limited Sign Of Soil Adaptation To Climate Warming, Lori Tyler Gula

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

The Teachable Moment: Engaging Students In Social Justice Movements, Tiffany Yvette Lane, Christine M. Chiarelli-Helminiak, Casey Bohrman, Terrence Lewis

Social Work (Graduate) Faculty Publications

Social justice has long been at the forefront of the core values of the social work profession. Social workers are charged to confront social injustices and advocate for social change. In 2014, there was a societal response across the United States to the deaths of two African-American men, Mike Brown and Eric Garner, and the decision to not indict the police officers who killed them. The collective reaction was reflective of a country unsettled by the criminal justice system’s ongoing acceptance of structural discrimination. This article will focus on one university’s social work faculty’s collective response to the brutal killings …

Collective Behaviour In Video Viewing: A Thermodynamic Analysis Of Gaze Position, Kate Burleson-Lesser, Flaviano Morone, Paul Deguzman, Lucas C. Parra, Hernan Makse

Publications and Research

Videos and commercials produced for large audiences can elicit mixed opinions. We wondered whether this diversity is also reflected in the way individuals watch the videos. To answer this question, we presented 65 commercials with high production value to 25 individuals while recording their eye movements, and asked them to provide preference ratings for each video. We find that gaze positions for the most popular videos are highly correlated. To explain the correlations of eye movements, we model them as ªinteractionsº between individuals. A thermodynamic analysis of these interactions shows that they approach a ªcritical º point such that any …

Cleavage Of Dfna5 By Caspase-3 During Apoptosis Mediates Progression To Secondary Necrotic/Pyroptotic Cell Death., Corey Rogers, Teresa Fernandes-Alnemri, Lindsey Mayes, Diana Alnemri, Gino Cingolani, Emad S. Alnemri

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

Apoptosis is a genetically regulated cell suicide programme mediated by activation of the effector caspases 3, 6 and 7. If apoptotic cells are not scavenged, they progress to a lytic and inflammatory phase called secondary necrosis. The mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Here we show that caspase-3 cleaves the GSDMD-related protein DFNA5 after Asp270 to generate a necrotic DFNA5-N fragment that targets the plasma membrane to induce secondary necrosis/pyroptosis. Cells that express DFNA5 progress to secondary necrosis, when stimulated with apoptotic triggers such as etoposide or vesicular stomatitis virus infection, but disassemble into small apoptotic bodies when DFNA5 …

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Sabotages The Generation Of Host Proresolving Lipid Mediators, Becca A. Flitter, Kelli L. Hvorecny, Emiko Ono, Taylor Eddens

Dartmouth Scholarship

Recurrent Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections coupled with robust, damaging neutrophilic inflammation characterize the chronic lung disease cystic fibrosis (CF). The proresolving lipid mediator, 15-epi lipoxin A4 (15-epi LXA4), plays a critical role in limiting neutrophil activation and tissue inflammation, thus promoting the return to tissue homeostasis. Here, we show that a secreted P. aeruginosa epoxide hydrolase, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibitory factor (Cif), can disrupt 15-epi LXA4 transcellular biosynthesis and function. In the airway, 15-epi LXA4 production is stimulated by the epithelial-derived eicosanoid 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET). Cif sabotages the production of 15-epi LXA4 by rapidly hydrolyzing 14,15-EET into its cognate …

Isolation, Culture And Characterization Of Hirsutella Sinensis Mycelium From Caterpillar Fungus Fruiting Body, Yun-Fei Komi, Jian-Ching Liau, Chien-Sheng Lee, Chen-Yaw Chiu, Jan Martel, Chuan-Sheng Lin, Shan-Fu Tseng, David M. Ojcius, Chia-Chen Lu, Hsin-Chih Lai, John Ding-E. Young

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis (previously called Cordyceps sinensis) has been used for centuries in Asia as a tonic to improve health and longevity. Recent studies show that O. sinensis produces a wide range of biological effects on cells, laboratory animals and humans, including anti-fatigue, anti-infection, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor activities. In view of the rarity of O. sinensis fruiting bodies in nature, cultivation of its anamorph mycelium represents a useful alternative for large-scale production. However, O. sinensis fruiting bodies harvested in nature harbor several fungal contaminants, a phenomenon that led to the isolation and characterization of a large number …

Rhombic Tilings And Primordia Fronts Of Phyllotaxis, Pau Atela, Christophe Golé

Mathematics Sciences: Faculty Publications

We introduce and study properties of phyllotactic and rhombic tilings on the cylin- der. These are discrete sets of points that generalize cylindrical lattices. Rhombic tilings appear as periodic orbits of a discrete dynamical system S that models plant pattern formation by stacking disks of equal radius on the cylinder. This system has the advantage of allowing several disks at the same level, and thus multi-jugate config- urations. We provide partial results toward proving that the attractor for S is entirely composed of rhombic tilings and is a strongly normally attracting branched manifold and conjecture that this attractor persists topologically …

Dennie Bridges, Dennie Bridges '61

All oral histories

Bridges was a first generation college student and recalls the effect that being a student-athlete from a small farm town had on him. Throughout this narrative he reflects on the people and programs that had an impact on his success as a student and on lettering in three sports. After graduation, Bridges started as a basketball and tennis coach; he served IWU as Athletic Director from 1982-2015.

Pharmaceutical Metabolism In Fish: Using A 3-D Hepatic In Vitro Model To Assess Clearance, Matthew G. Baron, Kate S. Mintram, Stewart F. Owen, Malcolm J. Hetheridge, A. John Moody, Wendy M. Purcell, Simon K. Jackson, Awadhesh N. Jha

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

Microplastics Affect The Ecological Functioning Of An Important Biogenic Habitat., Ds Green, B Boots, Ne O'Connor, R Thompson

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Biological effects of microplastics on the health of bivalves have been demonstrated elsewhere, but ecological impacts on the biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of bivalve-dominated habitats are unknown. Thus, we exposed intact sediment cores containing European flat oysters (Ostrea edulis) or blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) in seawater to two different densities (2.5 or 25 μg L(-1)) of biodegradable or conventional microplastics in outdoor mesocosms. We hypothesized that filtration rates of the bivalves, inorganic nitrogen cycling, primary productivity of sediment dwelling microphytobenthos, and the structure of invertebrate benthic assemblages would be influenced by microplastics. After 50 days, filtration by M. edulis was …

Differential Methylation Between Ethnic Sub-Groups Reflects The Effect Of Genetic Ancestry And Environmental Exposures, Joshua M. Galanter, Christopher R. Gignoux, Sam S. Oh, Dara Torgerson, Maria Pino-Yanes, Neeta Thakur, Celeste Eng, Donglei Hu, Scott Huntsman, Harold J. Farber, Pedro C. Avila, Emerita Brigino-Buenaventura, Michael A. Lenoir, Kelly Meade, Denise Serebrisky, William Rodriguez-Cintron, Rajesh Kumar, Jose R. Rodrıguez-Cintron, Max A. Seibold, Luisa N. Borrell, Esteban G. Burchard, Noah Zaitlen

Publications and Research

Populations are often divided categorically into distinct racial/ethnic groups based on social rather than biological constructs. Genetic ancestry has been suggested as an alternative to this categorization. Herein, we typed over 450,000 CpG sites in whole blood of 573 individuals of diverse Hispanic origin who also had high-density genotype data. We found that both self- identified ethnicity and genetically determined ancestry were each significantly associated with methylation levels at 916 and 194 CpGs, respectively, and that shared genomic ancestry accounted for a median of 75.7% (IQR 45.8% to 92%) of the variance in methylation associated with ethnicity. There was a …

Latina Women In The United States: Child Care Preferences And Arrangements, Laura Satkowski Ph.D., Rumeli Banik Ph.D., Sonia Roubeni M.A.

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk

Formal child care has been associated with myriad benefits for children, such as improvements in cognitive development and language skills. Immigrant children may derive unique benefits from formal child care, as research has also confirmed that center-based child care is associated with gains in English language proficiency and school readiness. However, immigrant families are less likely than nonimmigrant families to enroll their children in formal child care. Considering the growing immigrant population in the US—a large proportion of which is Latino—more research is needed to understand the child care decision-making processes of immigrant Latino families. The current study examined the …

Behavioral Economics And Developmental Science: A New Framework To Support Early Childhood Interventions, Lisa Gennetian, Matthew Darling, J Lawrence Aber

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk

Public policies have actively responded to an emergent social and neuroscientific evidence base documenting the benefits of targeting services to children during the earliest period of their development. But problems of low utilization, inconsistent participation, and low retention continue to present themselves as challenges. Although most interventions recognize and address structural and psycho-social barriers to parent’s engagement, few take seriously the decision making roles of parents. Using insights from the behavioral sciences, we revisit assumptions about the presumed behavior of parents in a developmental context. We then describe ways in which this framework informs features of interventions that can be …

Campus Vol Vii N 1, Joy Clopp, Hart Dake, Don Shackelford, Edward R. Jacobs, Lynn Martin, Jacquie Dutro, Pete Hawk, Shirley Umphrey, Lolly Brunning, Pete Pierson, Dave Niland

Campus

Howard Studio. "Janet Cuddy, Freshman". Picture. 0.

Clopp, Joy. "Cocoon". Prose. 3.

Dake, Hart and Don Shackelford. "F-L-A-S-H". Prose. 4.

Jacobs, Edward, R. "The Legacy". Prose. 5.

Martin, Lynn. "Oh, To Be A Freshman!". Prose. 6.

Dutro, Jacquie. "A Glimpse Behind The Scenes At Homecoming". Prose. 8.

Hawk, Pete. "Earl and Claude Go See Some Pictures". Prose. 10.

Umphrey, Shirley. "The Wedding". Prose. 11.

Brunning, Lolly. "The Story of a Russian Family". Prose. 12.

Potts. Untitled. Cartoon. 14.; Potts. Untitled. Cartoon. 15.

Pierson, Pete. "Famous Last Words". Cartoon. 16.

Hawk, Pete. "The Laugh's The Thing-". Prose. 17.

Niland, Dave. Untitled. …

Introduction To The Special Issue On Current Issues In Aacsb Accreditation, George E. Smith, Kathleen J. Barnes, Sarah Vaughan

Organization Management Journal

No abstract provided.

Jane Lee Belden 43 Biology Alum Passes, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

All Forum Articles

No abstract provided.

World Religion Biology Major Awarded Medical Center Scholarship, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

All Forum Articles

No abstract provided.

Three-Dimensional Imaging Of The Intracellular Assembly Of A Functional Viral Rna Replicase Complex, Isabel Fernández De Castro, José J. Fernández, Daniel Barajas, Peter D. Nagy, Cristina Risco

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Positive-strand RNA viruses, which can be devastating pathogens in humans, animals and plants, replicate their genomes on intracellular membranes. Here, we describe the three-dimensional ultrastructural organization of a tombusvirus replicase in yeast, a valuable model for exploring virus–host interactions. We visualized the intracellular distribution of a viral replicase protein using metal-tagging transmission electron microscopy, a highly sensitive nanotechnology whose full potential remains to be developed. These three-dimensional images show how viral replicase molecules are organized when they are incorporated into the active domains of the intracellular replication compartment. Our approach provides a means to study protein activation mechanisms in cells …

A Model For The Ergosterol Biosynthetic Pathway In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Kristy M. Brumfield, Susan M. Laborde, James V. Moroney

Faculty Publications

© 2017 British Phycological Society. Ergosterol and 7-dehydroporiferasterol are the predominant sterols in the membranes of the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard. Ergosterol is primarily found in most fungi, which produce their end-product sterols by way of the intermediate lanosterol. In contrast, plants rarely make ergosterol and plant sterols are made via the intermediate cycloartenol. The cycloartenol-lanosterol bifurcation has been used as a means to evolutionarily categorize species based on their sterol production. Use of bioinformatics has revealed that the green alga, C. reinhardtii is probably producing sterols using a pathway very similar to that of higher plants. The Chlamydomonas genome …

The Family Rhabdoviridae: Mono- And Bipartite Negative-Sense Rna Viruses With Diverse Genome Organization And Common Evolutionary Origins, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Hideki Kondo, Michael M. Goodin, Gael Kurath, Nikos Vasilakis

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

The family Rhabdoviridae consists of mostly enveloped, bullet-shaped or bacilliform viruses with a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome that infect vertebrates, invertebrates or plants. This ecological diversity is reflected by the diversity and complexity of their genomes. Five canonical structural protein genes are conserved in all rhabdoviruses, but may be overprinted, overlapped or interspersed with several novel and diverse accessory genes. This review gives an overview of the characteristics and diversity of rhabdoviruses, their taxonomic classification, replication mechanism, properties of classical rhabdoviruses such as rabies virus and rhabdoviruses with complex genomes, rhabdoviruses infecting aquatic species, and plant rhabdoviruses with both mono- …

Increased Ros Production In Non-Polarized Mammary Epithelial Cells Induces Monocyte Infiltration In 3d Culture, Linzhang Li, Jie Chen, Gaofeng Xiong, Daret K. St. Clair, Wei Xu, Ren Xu

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Loss of epithelial cell polarity promotes cell invasion and cancer dissemination. Therefore, identification of factors that disrupt polarized acinar formation is crucial. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) drive cancer progression and promote inflammation. Here, we show that the non-polarized breast cancer cell line T4-2 generates significantly higher ROS levels than polarized S1 and T4R cells in three-dimensional (3D) culture, accompanied by induction of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway and cytokine expression. Minimizing ROS in T4-2 cells with antioxidants reestablished basal polarity and inhibited cell proliferation. Introducing constitutively activated RAC1 disrupted cell polarity and increased ROS levels, indicating that RAC1 is …

A Preliminary Investigation Into The Restorative Potential Of Public Aquaria Exhibits: A Uk Student-Based Study, Deborah Cracknell, Mathew P. White, Sabine Pahl, Michael H. Depledge

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging And Spectroscopy Aided Tracking Of Zno And Cds:Mn/Zns/ N-Acetyl Cysteine (Nac) Quantum Dots In Citrus Plants, Torus Washington

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, we present an efficacious way of tracking nanoparticle movement in plant tissue through the use of fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and spectroscopy as well as a review of nanoparticle uptake in plants and the proposed mechanisms governing them. Given the increasing number of nanomaterials in agriculture and society as a whole, proper imaging tools and proactive measures must be taken to track nanoparticle movement in plant tissues and create infrastructure and products to keep things sustainable and safe. Herein we report a ZnO comparable nanoparticle— a CdS:Mn/ZnS/ N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) quantum dot— which boasts longer lifetimes and …