Digital Commons Network^™

Biological Biomedical Research Seminar Environmental Gradients And Salamanders, Feb 20, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

All Forum Articles

No abstract provided.

Ecolunch | Stereotypy And Flexibility Of Jaw Movements During Feeding In Pigs, Feb 22, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

All Forum Articles

No abstract provided.

Neurolunch Perinatal Depression And Ssri Exposure, Feb 14, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

All Forum Articles

No abstract provided.

Food For Thought | Harvest The Past Feed The Future, Feb 22, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

All Forum Articles

No abstract provided.

Bridging The Divide White Paper: Pregnant Women And Substance Use: Overview Of Research & Policy In The United States, Darla Bishop, Liz Borkowski, Megan Couillard, Amy Allina, Susanna Baruch, Susan Wood

Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

This paper examines the current literature and policy implications of substance use and substance use disorders among pregnant and parenting women. While this is not meant to serve as an exhaustive literature review on this topic, it seeks to describe: current research on health effects of substance use and substance use disorders on pregnant women1 and their children; policies and programs that help ensure that pregnant women who use substances have access to the highest quality healthcare, including prenatal care; the current barriers to accessing treatment for substance use disorders for pregnant women, including those who are incarcerated; and the …

Water Quality Characterization Of On-Farm Storage Reservoirs, Ditches And Groundwater: Considerations For Potential Artificial Recharge, Klarissa Roshon Kahill

Student Theses and Dissertations

The Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer (MRVAA) has been the primary source for irrigation in the region since the early 1900s. Increased water withdrawals from the MRVAA have contributed to groundwater decline over the years with continued decline projected for the future. Sustainability of the aquifer is essential, as Arkansas' economy depends on agriculture. Artificial recharge (AR), the increase in groundwater by artificial means, has the potential to reduce groundwater decline of the MRVAA. The aim of the current study was to characterize water quality of on-farm storage reservoirs and their associated ditches for potential use as source water for …

Primary Utricle Structure Of Six Halimeda Species And Potential Relevance For Ocean Acidification Tolerance, Katherine E. Peach, Marguerite S. Koch, Patricia Blackwelder, Debbie Guerrero-Given, Naomi Kamasawa

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Variations in utricle morphology may be responsible for different tolerances to ocean acidification (OA) within the macroalgal genus Halimeda, an important sediment producer on reefs. However, differences in species’ utricle morphology and their relationship to calcification and crystal formation have not been well articulated. In the present study, we characterized the utricle morphologies of six Halimeda species. Primary utricle ultrastructure was quantitatively and qualitatively compared to tissue inorganic content and crystal microstructure. Morphologies differed across species and several morphometric relationships were revealed. Primary utricle size (r²=0.70) and diffusion pathway length (r²=0.87) had inverse relationships with …

The Need For Standardized Assessment Of Muscle Quality In Skeletal Muscle Function Deficit And Other Aging-Related Muscle Dysfunctions: A Symposium Report, Rosaly Correa De Araujo, Michael O. Harris-Love, Iva Miljkovic, Maren Fragala, Brian Anthony, Todd Manini

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

A growing body of scientific literature suggests that not only changes in skeletal muscle mass, but also other factors underpinning muscle quality, play a role in the decline in skeletal muscle function and impaired mobility associated with aging. A symposium on muscle quality and the need for standardized assessment was held on April 28, 2016 at the International Conference on Frailty and Sarcopenia Research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The purpose of this symposium was to provide a venue for basic science and clinical researchers and expert clinicians to discuss muscle quality in the context of skeletal muscle function deficit and other …

Smart Cities, Big Data, And The Resilience Of Privacy, Janine S. Hiller, Jordan M. Blanke

UC Law Journal

Smart Cities are designed to ubiquitously collect information about people, places, and activities and to use that data to provide more efficient services and to build resilience against disasters. Projects like the Rockefeller Foundation-funded “100 Resilient Cities” are exploring how big data can be used to design and strengthen resilience in cities around the world. Large technology companies are helping to design and secure components of the Internet of Everything, which is part of a smart city structure. Relationships between governments and citizens, as well as between individuals and businesses, will see substantial changes due to this rapidly expanding collection …

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus And The Predisposing Factors, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Rehana Rehman, Faiza Alam, Sarosh Madhani, Bushra Chaudhry, Taseer Ahmed Khan

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus and its association with demographic and anthropometric variables in pregnant women.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital and Memon Hospital in Karachi, from February 2014 to December 2015, and comprised pregnant women who were screened by 75-g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test, (24-28 weeks of gestation) and classified as per the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group. Weight, body mass index and serum glycated haemoglobin levels were measured. Women with pre-gestational diabetes were excluded. SPSS 21 was …

American Undergraduate Students' Value Development During The Great Recession, Heejung Park, Jean M. Twenge, Patricia M. Greenfield

Psychology Faculty Research and Scholarship

The Great Recession's influence on American undergraduate students' values was examined, testing Greenfield's and Kasser's theories concerning value development during economic downturns. Study 1 utilised aggregate-level data to investigate (a) population-level value changes between the pre-recession (2004–2006: n = 824,603) and recession freshman cohort (2008–2010: n = 662,262) and (b) overall associations of population-level values with national economic climates over long-term periods by correlating unemployment rates and concurrent aggregate-level values across 1966–2015 (n = 10 million). Study 2 examined individual-level longitudinal value development from freshman to senior year, and whether the developmental trajectories differed between those who completed undergraduate …

Challenges To Smartphone Applications For Melanoma Detection, Jordan V. Wang, Lance W. Chapman, Matthew S. Keller

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

This commentary addresses the emerging market for health-related smartphone applications. Specific to dermatology, there has been a significant increase not only in applications that promote skin cancer awareness and education but also in those meant for detection. With evidence showing that 365 dermatology-related applications were available in 2014--up from 230 in 2012--and that 1 in 5 patients under the age of 50 have used a smartphone to help diagnose a skin problem, there is clearly a large subset of patients participating in this growing trend. Therefore, we are obligated to take a closer look into this phenomenon. Studies have shown …

Saccharedens Versatilis Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., A Sugar-Degrading Member Of The Burkholderiales Isolated From Cephalotes Rohweri Ant Guts, Jonathan Y. Lin, William J. Hobson, John T. Wertz

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

Cephalotes ‘turtle’ ants host a core group of gut–associated symbionts, but their potential contributions to ant nutrition and disease resistance remain uncharacterized in vitro. To gain a better understanding of the metabolic capability of core symbionts belonging to the Burkholderiales, we cultivated and characterized strain CAG32T from the guts of Cephalotes rohweri ants. Strain CAG32T was rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, motile and formed pale-white colonies on trypticase soy agar. Optimum growth occurred under an atmosphere of 20% O2 supplemented with 1% CO2. Strain CAG32T grew under NaCl concentrations of 0–2.0%, temperatures of 23–47 °C and pH values of 4.0–8.0, and was capable …

The Challenge Of Protecting Transit And Passenger Rail: Understanding How Security Works Against Terrorism, Brian Michael Jenkins

Mineta Transportation Institute

Terrorists see transit and passenger rail as an attractive target. Designed for public convenience, trains and stations offer terrorists easy access to crowds of people in confined environments where there are minimal security risks and attacks can cause high casualties. This report examines the unique attributes of the terrorist threat, how security measures against terrorism have evolved over the years, and their overall effectiveness.

Does security work? Empirical evidence is hard to come by. Terrorist incidents are statistically rare and random, making it difficult to discern effects. The fact that terrorists focus most of their attacks on targets with little …

Hmba Is A Putative Hsp70 Activator Stimulating Hexim1 Expression That Is Down-Regulated By Estrogen, Rati Lama, Chunfang Gan, Nethrie Idippily, Viharika Bobba, David Danielpour, Monica Montano, Bin Su Ph.D.

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1) is identified as a novel inhibitor of estrogen stimulated breast cell growth, and it suppresses estrogen receptor-a transcriptional activity. HEXIM1 protein level has been found to be downregulated by estrogens. Recently, HEXIM1 has been found to inhibit androgen receptor transcriptional activity as well. Researchers have used Hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) for decades to stimulate HEXIM1 expression, which also inhibit estrogen stimulated breast cancer cell gene activation and androgen stimulated prostate cancer gene activation. However, the direct molecular targets of HMBA that modulate the induction of HEXIM1 expression in mammalian cells have not been identified. Based …

Phase 2 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Of Rg7667, A Combination Monoclonal Antibody, For Prevention Of Cytomegalovirus Infection In High-Risk Kidney Transplant Recipients, Julie H. Ishida, Anita Patel, Aneesh K. Mehta, Philippe Gatault, Jacqueline M. Mcbride, Tracy Burgess, Michael A. Derby, David R. Snydman, Brinda Emu, Becket Feierbach, Ashley E. Fouts, Mauricio Maia, Rong Deng, Carrie M. Rosenberger, Lynn A. Gennaro, Natalee S. Striano, X C. Liao, Jorge A. Tavel

Nephrology Articles

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a significant complication after kidney transplantation. We examined the ability of RG7667, a combination of two monoclonal antibodies, to prevent CMV infection in high-risk kidney transplant recipients in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. CMV-seronegative recipients of a kidney transplant from a CMV-seropositive donor (D+R-) were randomized to receive RG7667 (n = 60) or placebo (n = 60) at the time of transplant and 1, 4, and 8 weeks posttransplant. Patients were monitored for CMV viremia every 1 to 2 weeks posttransplant for 24 weeks. Patients who had seroconverted (D+R+) or withdrawn before dosing were excluded from …

Tremblings, February 2017, Western Aspen Alliance

Tremblings

How to maintain extensive stands of aspen in managed boreal forests

Victor Lieffers

Historically, Alberta had some of the largest expanses of aspen stands anywhere in North America. These aspen-dominated forests are the young stages of boreal forest succession; aspen stands are usually overtopped by white spruce starting by year 60. Stands naturally transition from aspen dominated, to mixed aspen-spruce, to spruce dominated with succession. As Western Canada has frequent dry periods, large fires often restart these forests, back to aspen—regenerating mostly by root suckers. Thusly, pure aspen stands were plentiful on the landscape.

Measuring The Outcome Of At-Risk Students On Biology Standardized Tests When Using Different Instructional Strategies, Dana Burns

Dissertations

Over the last two decades, online education has become a popular concept in universities as well as K-12 education. This generation of students has grown up using technology and has shown interest in incorporating technology into their learning. The idea of using technology in the classroom to enhance student learning and create higher achievement has become necessary for administrators, teachers, and policymakers. Although online education is a popular topic, there has been minimal research on the effectiveness of online and blended learning strategies compared to the student learning in a traditional K-12 classroom setting. The purpose of this study was …

Contribution Of Pentose Catabolism To Molecular Hydrogen Formation By Targeted Disruption Of Arabinose Isomerase (Araa) In The Hyperthermophilic Bacterium Thermotoga Maritima, Derrick White, Raghuveer Singh, Deepak Rudrappa, Jackie Mateo, Levi Kramer, Laura Freese, Paul H. Blum

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Thermotoga maritima ferments a broad range of sugars to form acetate, carbon dioxide, traces of lactate, and near theoretic yields of molecular hydrogen (H₂). In this organism, the catabolism of pentose sugars such as arabinose depends on the interaction of the pentose phosphate pathway with the Embden-Myerhoff and Entner-Doudoroff pathways. Although the values for H₂ yield have been determined using pentose-supplemented complex medium and predicted by metabolic pathway reconstruction, the actual effect of pathway elimination on hydrogen production has not been reported due to the lack of a genetic method for the creation of targeted mutations. Here, …

Prescription Opioid Abuse In Chronic Pain: An Updated Review Of Opioid Abuse Predictors And Strategies To Curb Opioid Abuse (Part 2), Alan David Kaye, Mark R. Jones, Adam M. Kaye, Juan G. Ripoll, Donald E. Jones, Vincent Galan, Burton D. Beakley, Francisco Calixto, Jamie L. Bolden, Richard D. Urman, Laxmaiah Manchikanti

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

Chronic pain and prescription opioid abuse are extremely prevalent in the United States and worldwide. The consequences of opioid misuse can be life-threatening with significant morbidity and mortality, exacting a heavy toll on patients, physicians, and society. The risk for misuse of prescribed opioids is much higher in patients with chronic pain, especially those with concurrent substance use and /or mental health disorders. Several reasons can account for the occurrence of opioid abuse and misuse, including self-medication, use for reward, compulsive use related to addiction, and diversion for profit. There is a need, therefore, for therapeutic approaches that balance treating …

Responsible, Safe, And Effective Prescription Of Opioids For Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: American Society Of Interventional Pain Physicians (Asipp) Guidelines, Laxmaiah Manchikanti, Adam M. Kaye, Nebojsa Nick Knezevic, Heath Mcanally, Andrea M. Trescot, Susan Blank, Vidyasagar Pampati, Salahadin Abdi, Jay S. Grider, Alan David Kaye, Kavita N. Manchikanti, Harold J. Cordner, Christopher G. Gharibo, Michael E. Harned, Sheri L. Albers, Sairam Atluri, Steve M. Aydin, Sanjay Bakshi, Robert Barkin, Ramsin M. Benyamin, Mark V. Boswell, Ricardo M. Buenaventura, Aaron K. Calodney, David L. Cedeno, Sukdeb Datta, Timothy R. Deer, Bert Fellows, Vincent Galan, Vahid Grami, Hans Hansen, Standiford Helm

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

Background: Opioid use, abuse, and adverse consequences, including death, have escalated at an alarming rate since the 1990s. In an attempt to control opioid abuse, numerous regulations and guidelines for responsible opioid prescribing have been developed by various organizations. However, the US opioid epidemic is continuing and drug dose deaths tripled during 1999 to 2015. Recent data show a continuing increase in deaths due to natural and semisynthetic opioids, a decline in methadone deaths, and an explosive increase in the rates of deaths involving other opioids, specifically heroin and illicit synthetic fentanyl. Contrary to scientific evidence of efficacy and negative …

Potential Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Application In Dental Stem Cell Therapy, Patrick Suezaki, Nan (Tori) Xiao

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Neurotrophic factors have long been considered growth factors that promote survival and growth of various neuronal tissues. Recent studies showed that neurotrophic factors are also present in dental pulp and periodontal ligament. This paper reviews the literature about the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), a member of the neurotrophic factor family, and indicates the potential clinical application of CNTF in dental stem cell therapy.

Replacement Of Fishmeal With Processed Meal From Knife Fish Chitala Ornata In Diets Of Juvenile Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus, Janice A. Ragaza, Sherilyn T. Abarra, Stephanie F. Velasquez, Kristina Daniela D.C. Guzman, Jaime Lorenzo F. Felipe, Melchor Tayamen

Biology Faculty Publications

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of processed meal from knife fish Chitala ornata (KFM) as fishmeal replacement in diets of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus juveniles. Five iso-nitrogenous (36.4% in dry matter) and isolipidic diets (8.6% in dry matter) with 0 (D1), 25 (D2), 50 (D3), 75 (D4) and 100% (D5) KFM inclusions were prepared. With a stocking density of 15 fish (0.59 ± 0.01 g) per tank, tilapia juveniles were distributed randomly in fifteen 30-L tanks. Results indicate a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the percent average weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed …

The Effect Of Biocomposite Material In A Composite Structure Under Compression Loading, Benjamin Andrew Sweeney

Master's Theses

While composite structures exhibit exceptional strength and weight saving possibilities for engineering applications, sometimes their overall cost and/or material performance can limit their usage when compared to conventional structural materials. Meanwhile ‘biocomposites’, composite structures consisting of natural fibers (i.e. bamboo fibers), display higher cost efficiency and unique structural benefits such as ‘sustainability’. This analysis will determine if the integration of these two different types of composites are beneficial to the overall structure. Specifically, the structure will consist of a one internal bamboo veneer biocomposite ply; and two external carbon fiber weave composite plies surrounding the bamboo biocomposite. To acquire results …

Bcl-W Has A Fundamental Role In B Cell Survival And Lymphomagenesis., Clare M. Adams, Annette S. Kim, Ramkrishna Mitra, John K Choi, Jerald Z. Gong, Christine M. Eischen

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Compromised apoptotic signaling is a prerequisite for tumorigenesis. The design of effective therapies for cancer treatment depends on a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that govern cell survival. The antiapoptotic proteins of the BCL-2 family are key regulators of cell survival and are frequently overexpressed in malignancies, leading to increased cancer cell survival. Unlike BCL-2 and BCL-XL, the closest antiapoptotic relative BCL-W is required for spermatogenesis, but was considered dispensable for all other cell types. Here, however, we have exposed a critical role for BCL-W in B cell survival and lymphomagenesis. Loss of Bcl-w conferred sensitivity to growth factor deprivation-induced …

A Comparison Between Wellness Awareness Among Medical Students, Rehana Rehman, Shahjahan Katpar, Mehwish Hussain, Rakhshaan Khan, Mukhtiar Baig

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Objective: To assess and compare the dimensions of spiritual wellness as elements of quality care in medical students of private and public medical universities.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out at private and public medical universities in Karachi from November 2013 to January 2015.Students from both genders and all ethnic groups19-23 years of age were included. The responses of spiritual wellness were obtained and evaluated on a four-point Likert's scale; score ranging from 0-3. Data was analysed using Predictive Analysis Software version 18.
Results: Out of 736 students, 286 (38.9%) were from public medical universities and 450 (61.1%) were …

Assessment Of Childhood Domestic Injuries Among Joint And Nuclear Families Of Karachi, Asif Khaliq, Amreen Rao, Shahroz Siddiqui, Ghulam Mujtaba Nasir

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

To assess the frequencies and factors of domestic injuries among children aged less than 5 years. This is a cross sectional study, in which parents who have child less than 5 years of age were targeted. A total of 246 participants had provided satisfactory information and they were approached by non-probability purposive sampling technique from January 2016 to June 2016. The data was entered in Excel and then imported to SPSS 19.0 for inferential analysis. In this study, 89.8% (n = 221) mothers and 10.2% (n = 25) father who had participated. 52.08% (n = 123) parents were from joint …

Comparison Of Two Interactive Tutorial Methods: Results From A Medical College In Karachi, Rabiya Rehan, Lubna Farooqi, Hira Khan, Rehana Rehman

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Objective: To compare perception of students on usefulness of interactive tutorials and clinically-oriented problem-solving tutorials.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2012 to November 2013 at Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi. The perception of medical students on usefulness of interactive tutorials and clinically-oriented problem-solving tutorials was acquired through a questionnaire distributed to medical students having completed the first two years of studies. The responses on various aspects of learning of physiology were acquired on a scale of poor, good or excellent. The learning abilities and acquired skills were compared in terms of not at all, …

Genealib Archive 2017-02, Genealib

GENEALIB Archive

No abstract provided.

The Influence Of Tumor Regression, Solar Elastosis, And Patient Age On Pathologists' Interpretation Of Melanocytic Skin Lesions., Linda Titus, Raymond L Barnhill, Jason P Lott, Michael W Piepkorn, David E Elder, Paul D Frederick, Heidi D Nelson, Patricia A Carney, Stevan R Knezevich, Martin A Weinstock, Joann G Elmore

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

It is not known whether patient age or tumor characteristics such as tumor regression or solar elastosis influence pathologists' interpretation of melanocytic skin lesions (MSLs). We undertook a study to determine the influence of these factors, and to explore pathologist's characteristics associated with the direction of diagnosis. To meet our objective, we designed a cross-sectional survey study of pathologists' clinical practices and perceptions. Pathologists were recruited from diverse practices in 10 states in the United States. We enrolled 207 pathologist participants whose practice included the interpretation of MSLs. Our findings indicated that the majority of pathologists (54.6%) were influenced toward …