Digital Commons Network^™

Eigenvector Centrality: Illustrations Supporting The Utility Of Extracting More Than One Eigenvector To Obtain Additional Insights Into Networks And Interdependent Structures, Dawn Iacobucci, Rebecca Mcbride, Deidre L. Popovich

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

Among the many centrality indices used to detect structures of actors’ positions in networks is the use of the first eigenvector of an adjacency matrix that captures the connections among the actors. This research considers the seeming pervasive current practice of using only the first eigenvector. It is shows that, as in other statistical applications of eigenvectors, subsequent vectors can also contain illuminating information. Several small examples, and Freeman’s EIES network, are used to illustrate that while the first eigenvector is certainly informative, the second (and subsequent) eigenvector(s) can also be equally tractable and informative.

A Different Class Of Care: The Benefits Crisis And Low-Wage Workers, Trina Jones

Faculty Scholarship

When compared to other developed nations, the United States fares poorly with regard to benefits for workers. While the situation is grim for most U.S. workers, it is worse for low-wage workers. Data show a significant benefits gap between low-wage and high-wage in terms of flexible work arrangements (FWAs), paid leave, pensions, and employer-sponsored health-care insurance, among other things. This gap exists notwithstanding the fact that FWAs and employment benefits produce positive returns for employees, employers, and society in general. Despite these returns, this Article contends that employers will be loath to extend FWAs and greater employment benefits to low-wage …

Repugnance Management And Transactions In The Body, Kieran Healy, Kimberly D. Krawiec

Faculty Scholarship

Researchers have made progress in understanding the role of repugnance in transactions involving the human body. Yet, often, the focus remains on exchange between individuals and how they mentally cope (or not) with repugnance. But these exchanges also entail a “vertical” dimension in which organizational and state actors both directly manage repugnance and also limit the repugnance management tools available to the marketplace. Analyzing repugnance and its management as an organizational and regulatory problem, in addition to an individual one, suggests that a single, harmonized system of exchange in bodily goods is unlikely to emerge with the passage of time.

Project Safe Neighborhoods In Chicago: Looking Back A Decade Later, Ben Grunwald, Andrew V. Papachristos

Faculty Scholarship

Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN) is a federally funded initiative that brings together federal, state, and local law enforcement to reduce gun violence in urban centers. In Chicago, PSN implemented supply-side gun policing tactics, enhanced federal prosecution of gun crimes, and notification forums warning offenders of PSN’s heightened criminal sanctions. Prior evaluations provide evidence that PSN initiatives have reduced crime in the first few years of their operation. But over a decade after the program was established, we still know little about whether these effects are sustained over an extended period of time. This Article examines PSN Chicago, an anti-violence program …

What Can Europe Tell Us About The Future Of American Federalism?, Ernest A. Young

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

"No Innocent Victim"?: Sexual Violence Against Jewish Women During The Holocaust As Trope In Zeugin Aus Der Hölle, Kerstin Steitz

World Languages and Cultures Faculty Publications

This essay addresses how in the film Zeugin aus der Hölle, (1965, Witness out of hell) fictional sexualized violence against a female Jewish Holocaust survivor functions as a trope that exposes and rejects patriarchal and misogynist discourses of victimhood, perpetration, survivor shame, and guilt, which reviewers and scholars rightly have critiqued for such discourses’ re-victimizing and re-traumatizing effects upon victims. I argue that as a filmic trope sexualized violence served specific functions for its contemporaneous audience—Germans in the postwar 1960s. By means of the trope of sexualized violence, Zeugin aus der Hölle confronted contemporaneous West German audiences with gender-specific …

Annual Report 2016-2017, Office Of Sponsored Programs

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Korean Sport Consumers’ Perceptions Of Sports In The United States, B.J. Ruihley, K. Yu, Robin Hardin

Global Sport Business Journal

This research examined Korean sport fans’ perceptions and consumption of United States-based sport. Spectators at two professional Korean Baseball Organization games completed a questionnaire exploring their understanding of sport in the United States and their media consumption habits, as well as their impression of Korean athletes participating in United States-based sport organizations. More than 75% of the respondents consumed United States-based sport, with the primary reason of following Korean players in professional leagues. U.S. sport culture was thought to be more business-oriented, with more financial investment, more talented athletes, and larger fan bases. These beliefs about U.S.-based sport are primary …

A Case Study Of Self-Representation On Twitter: A Gender Analysis Of How Student-Athletes Portray Themselves, Bo Li, Sarah Stokowski, Stephen W. Dittmore, John R. Malmo, David T. Rolfe

Global Sport Business Journal

Throughout sports coverage, mass media has been blamed for masculine hegemony, which often includes a lack of exposure regarding female sports and over emphasizing “femininity.” The emergence of social media provides athletes the opportunities to portray themselves, increase their brand equity, and directly interact with other sport media consumers. Informed by self-presentation theory, this case study is an attempt to investigate whether gender difference exists between female and male student-athletes in term of the way they portray themselves on Twitter. The profiles, background pictures, bibliographies and the content of tweets from 100 NCAA Division I student-athletes’ Twitter accounts were selected …

So Where Do You Work Now?: Examining The Factors That Influence Career Choices Of Sport Management Graduates, Matthew J. Garrett, David A. Pierce

Global Sport Business Journal

Students seeking to leverage their sport management degree into full-time employment in the sport business industry (SBI) face a variety of challenges from low pay and personal finances to personal relationships and work-life balance. This study uses a mixed methods approach to examine how the constraints impacted the career trajectory of 124 recent graduates from a private and religiously affiliated liberal arts college in the Midwest between 2007 and 2014. The study examines the perceived capacity of individuals to make occupational choices despite external constraints. Swanson, Daniels, and Tokar’s (1996) Career Barriers Inventory is used to frame the discussion of …

Why Referees Stay In The Game, Lynn L. Ridinger, Stacy Warner, Jacob K. Tingle, Kyungun R. Kim

Global Sport Business Journal

Current trends indicate the number of qualified sports officials continues to dwindle. Therefore, this research sought to better understand reasons for initial entry, continuation, and potential discontinuation with officiating, while also identifying problematic issues, and potential solutions. Content analysis was utilized to examine five open-ended online survey responses from 2,485 referees. The results indicate that Enjoyable Affiliation (58%) and Remuneration (14%) were key to referees becoming involved in officiating. Those two themes, Enjoyable Affiliation (75%) and Remuneration (14%), were also identified as important to retaining officials. Physical Limitations were mentioned by 58% of the respondents regarding why they plan to …

Exercising Inclusion: A Case Study Exploring A Fitness Center Staff's Approach Toward Serving Clients With Disabilities, Joshua R. Pate, Julie Wallace Carr

Global Sport Business Journal

Nearly twice the number of U.S. adults with disabilities are inactive compared to U.S. adults without disabilities, and prior research has identified multiple barriers that prevent people with disabilities from exercising at fitness centers. The purpose of this case study was to explore the inclusion qualities present at a health and fitness center through the functional dimension of service quality and by using systems theory as a framework. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five employees at a fitness center, and a researcher participating in a progressive exercise program journaled about the experience. Analysis revealed that the fitness center served people …

Nature Vs. Nurture Vs. Nerd, Jason Imbrogno, Luis Quintero

Journal of Business, Industry, and Economics

We develop an intuitive model to predict the commission of a crime by juveniles in the US using an extensive set of information on the individuals. We have background data on demographics, family composition, socioeconomic status, family relationships, and schooling outcomes. These variables are broadly categorized into three groups: Nature (variables such as family and home environment characteristics which do not directly imply the active involvement of the youth), Nurture (variables involving the individuals’ relationship with his family that require his active participation), and Nerd (variables describing schooling and other studying characteristics such as time spent reading for fun or …

American Civil War Reenactments: Race And Masculinity In Modern Images And Memory, Austin C. English

Theses

The celebration of past wars and warriors is not a uniquely American notion. For centuries nations and individuals have celebrated and revered those who went to war. Similarly, modern Civil War reenactments represent one ritual where Americans honor the War and its participants. But is there something distinctive about the way Americans commemorate and remember the Civil War? Do reenactments hide, forget, or obscure certain elements of the War as much as they commemorate?

2017 Usd Fact Book, University Of San Diego

USD Fact Books (1985- )

No abstract provided.

The Differential Effects Of Rural Health Care Access On Race-Specific Mortality, Jeralynn Cossman, Wesley James, Julia Kay Wolf

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

We examined the relationship between race-specific rural mortality and the health infrastructure of rural counties in light of America’s recent emergence of a rural mortality penalty. Using the Compressed Mortality File from National Center for Health Statistics (2008–2012) and county-level demographic, socioeconomic, and health care indicators from the Area Health Resource File and the US Census, we created a rural public health infrastructure index which encompasses four types of health care access (public health employees, critical access hospital/rural referral centers, rural health clinics, and emergency departments) within counties. We found that each unit increase in the index is associated with …

Plea Bargaining, Jenia I. Turner

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

This report on plea bargaining was written for the "Academy for Justice," a collaborative research project whose goal is "to inspire and guide reform in the federal and state systems, and to fortify these efforts with the research and analysis of top academic experts."

Plea bargaining dominates the criminal process in the United States today, yet it remains highly controversial. Supporters defend it on the grounds that it expedites cases, reduces processing costs, and helps authorities obtain cooperation from defendants. But critics contend that it can generate arbitrary sentencing disparities, obscure the true facts, and even lead innocent defendants to …

Agency In Eating Disorders: American Literary And Visual Memoirs Of Anorexia And Bulimia, Jenny Platz

Open Access Dissertations

In my dissertation I examine the representation of self-creation through anorexia and bulimia in memoiristic narratives, blogs, and YouTube videos in contemporary American culture. I argue that the highly crafted characterizations and structures of the anorexic and bulimic memoirs and blogs implement the disorders into temporary tools of self-care that grant the subjects agency through their pursuits of maturation and identity creation and cannot be simplified into mere warnings and retellings of the dangers of the eating disorders. I am locating my research in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century to encompass the emergence of eating disorder memoirs, Ana …

Being A Man With An Invisible Disability: College Men's Experiences, Maggie Arin Korn

Open Access Dissertations

In many important ways, having a disability challenges traditional masculinity ideology. Understanding how men conceptualize and negotiate their identities both as men and as individuals with disabilities is important as men comprise a large percentage of students with disabilities, specifically invisible disabilities. The prevalence of invisible disabilities, which are disabilities not visibly apparent to others, has been increasing across all levels of education, including higher education (Marder et al., 2003). Previous studies have explored the intersections between masculinity and disability, however they were narrowly focused on men with visible impairments (e.g., Gershick & Miller, 1995) and men with chronic illnesses …

January 2017 News Releases, University Of Montana--Missoula. Office Of University Relations

University of Montana News Releases, 1928, 1956-present

No abstract provided.

An Aggravating Adolescence: An Analysis Of Juvenile Convictions As Statutory Aggravators In Capital Cases, Lesley A. O'Neill

Georgia Law Review

In death penalty cases there is a requirement that
certain statutory aggravators must be present in order to
reach a death verdict. One such statutory aggravator in
most states is the defendant having previously committed
a felony, which can include crimes committed as a
juvenile. While the Supreme Court ruled in 2005 that
sentencing a defendant to death for crimes they committed
as a juvenile is unconstitutional, many states' death
penalty statutes allow for the possibility that the sole
aggravator relied on for a verdict of death is a previous
juvenile conviction. This Note argues that based on the
Court's …

Reconstructing Professionalism, Dana A. Remus

Georgia Law Review

Amidst widespread calls of crisis in the American legal
profession, scholars, commentators and bar leaders are
proposing that we rely on market logic to address the
problems and challenges of contemporary lawyering.
Proposed reforms seek to unbundle, commoditize, and
automate as many legal services as possible; to allow non-
lawyers to capitalize law firms and litigation; and to
permit services providers with limited or no legal training
to perform a wide range of legal tasks. In much the same
way that policymakers in the 1980s and 1990s came to
accept market-based deregulatory reforms to industries
across the country, today's ethics …

The Transformation Of Occupations: A Case Study Of Professionalism In Cocktail Bartending, Jacqueline Fowler

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

One focus in the sociology of work and occupations literature concerns the phenomena by which occupations transform into skilled professions. This study focuses on a craft cocktail bar and the attending cocktail bartenders as a case study of occupational professionalization. Cocktail bartenders are uniquely suited for this type of inquiry, as many aspects of their occupation carry the markers of professionalism, such as mastery of a skill, a deep understanding of their field, and their potential to be cultural intermediaries.;This study utilizes observation and interviews to elucidate how bartenders define themselves, their work, and their occupation as a whole. By …

Special Issue "Health Care Law And The Rights Of Individuals With Disabilities", Elizabeth Pendo, Guest Editor

All Faculty Scholarship

People with disabilities are vulnerable. They carry high risk for poor health and health outcomes. As a group, they experience social disadvantages such as poverty, underemployment and unemployment, isolation, and discrimination at a higher rate than the general population. They also face multiple barriers to quality health care and report poorer health status than people without disabilities. This Special Issue will explore the key health disparities and barriers to health care experienced by people with disabilities, and explore the legal, ethical, and social issues they raise. It will investigate the legal requirements of the Americans with Disabilities and other antidiscrimination …

People Analytics And Invisible Labor, Miriam A. Cherry

All Faculty Scholarship

This article explores two trends in labor and employment law: people analytics and invisible labor. People analytics includes the practice of employers using quantitative data to make objective decisions regarding employees. Invisible labor includes work that is unrecognized because it involves emotional work, or that is hidden due to the intermediation of technology. The article then discusses the paradox of the two trends. As people analytics relies on data for decision-making, how can employers use data analytics if there are increasingly invisible components to work? The article considers solutions: should people analytics include components of hidden labor, explicitly recognize and …

Exploring The Power Of County-Level Regional Classifications On Predicting Sex-Specific All-Cause Mortality In The United States, Julia Kay Wolf

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Sex-specific mortality rates have been found to differ across regions of the United States; however, these areas are typically the broad Census Bureau regions (i.e., Midwest, Northeast, South, and West) that do not consider sociological factors known to affect health. By testing the predictive capabilities of theoretically driven regional classifications distinguished at county-level, I explore whether there are more accurate ways of assessing mortality differences across the United States. Specifically, I use the US Census Bureau divisions and regional groupings produced by Joel Garreau (1981) and Colin Woodard (2011) to predict sex-specific, age-adjusted, all-cause mortality for 2008-2012 (centered on 2010). …

A Strain Theory Of Prosocial Behavior, Mallory Slusser

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Agnew's General Strain Theory proposes that strain leads to negative emotions, which in turn lead to crime and delinquency. However, there has been a lack of research on what happens when the negative emotions that result from externally experienced strains lead to responses other than crime. The psychology literature on "feeling bad, doing good" indicates that internally experienced negative emotions can lead to helping behaviors. The purpose of this research is to examine if externally generated negative emotions can also lead to helping or prosocial behaviors. Particular attention is given to the type of negative emotion that is experienced -- …

More Than Just Attendance: Individualistic Versus Collective Religious Socialization On Religious Change, Caitlin Halligan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

With the recent rise in individuals not identifying with a religion, now is a prime time to research disaffiliation. Using data from the National Study of Youth and Religion, the present study examines whether or not collective religious participation in early adolescence, above and beyond individualistic religious participation, reduces the likelihood of disaffiliation in young adulthood. The results show that those who attended a religious youth group in early adolescence were less likely to disaffiliate in early adulthood than those who did not attend. Youth group seems to have a unique role in retaining youth involvement in the church.

Teaching Without A Net: Experiencing Mandatory Curriculum Change, Stephen Ross Higgins

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation reports a qualitative study that explored the reconstructed narratives of 4 West Virginia 7th grade social studies teachers. A methodology informed by narrative inquiry guided the research design, including the methods for data collection and data analysis. Two questions served as guideposts throughout the research process: What do the stories of the participants tell us about the ways in which teachers engage as developers of curriculum when curriculum change is mandated? In what ways did their stories of implementing a mandated change impact their professional identities? To explore these questions, I conducted 3 semi-structured interviews with each participant. …

Peer-To-Peer Support Responses To Lgbt Suicidal Ideations In An Online Community, Kayla Mccormick

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

LGBTQ individuals, especially youth, are one of the top groups at risk for suicide. They experience social stigma and discrimination which diminishes their access to common support resources, causing many to turn to online communities for support for common issues. This paper utilizes qualitative content analysis guided by the stress-buffering model of the social support theory to investigate the helpfulness of informal social support responses in buffering stress in the suicidal individuals on LGBTchat.net. This model is based on the buffering hypothesis which asserts that persons with high stress and low support will show disproportionately elevated symptomatology, and that higher …