Digital Commons Network^™

Effect Of The Cpap-Saver Intervention On Adherence Among Adults With Newly Diagnosed Obstructive Sleep Apnea, April L. Shapiro

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects 25 million adults in the United States. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the treatment of choice, but adherence is poor. Many previous CPAP adherence interventions were not theory based, tended to impose time and cost burden, and did not focus on OSA airway-brain mechanism education or OSA-CPAP performance feedback. A new, multidimensional intervention, known as CPAP-SAVER, was developed, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), knowledge of CPAP facilitators and barriers, characteristics of CPAP adherers and nonadherers, and behavior change techniques. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of …

Approaches To Supervision In Sport Psychology And Their Influences On Initial Supervisees' Professional Development, Janaina Lima Fogaca

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Supervision is important to foster supervisees' development, protect their clients from harm, and ensure competence. Sport psychology graduate programs in the United States offer a variety of supervision approaches, but there are few official guidelines on how to supervise. This dissertation had the aim of investigating the supervision approaches being used with novice supervisees in applied sport psychology in the United States, and how these approaches relate to supervisees' development of service-delivery competence. Nine supervisor-supervisee dyads were interviewed before and after the academic term in which the supervisees had their first applied experiences. Supervisees completed two journal entries regarding their …

Investigating Social Perceptions Associated With Water Quality In Morgantown, West Virginia, Jonas G. Leveque

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation investigates public perceptions of water quality in Morgantown, West Virginia. In recent years, water has become an increasingly critical issue in terms of quantity worldwide, and also in terms of quality. In developed countries such as the United States, water quality is often taken for granted by the general public. Nonetheless, recent water crises in Flint, Michigan and Charleston, West Virginia, are examples showing there are environmental risks associated with human activities. This dissertation explores the context of West Virginia, with coal mining that is decreasing and non-conventional oil and gas drilling that is increasing in the Appalachia …

A Strain Theory Of Prosocial Behavior, Mallory Slusser

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Agnew's General Strain Theory proposes that strain leads to negative emotions, which in turn lead to crime and delinquency. However, there has been a lack of research on what happens when the negative emotions that result from externally experienced strains lead to responses other than crime. The psychology literature on "feeling bad, doing good" indicates that internally experienced negative emotions can lead to helping behaviors. The purpose of this research is to examine if externally generated negative emotions can also lead to helping or prosocial behaviors. Particular attention is given to the type of negative emotion that is experienced -- …

Time Perspective, Health Behaviors, And Wellbeing In Adults, Jonathan J. K. Stoltman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

An important component of health behavior engagement is time perspective. Previous research has demonstrated that individuals with a more expansive temporal perspective tend to engage in more positive and fewer negative health behaviors. Depression, the leading mood disorder, has diverse symptomatology and is associated with reduced positive future thinking. This study seeks to identify whether positive or negative health behaviors differentially effect the association between time perspective and depressive symptomatology. Participants (n = 106; Mage = 35.2, SD = 12.7, range 18-65; 71.7% female; 87.7% white) were drawn from a community sample recruited via digital message boards. The study took …

Attracting A New Generation Of Participants To The Elderly Nutrition Program, Christa Ann Stangl

Health Nutrition and Exercise Science

The purpose of this study was to explore the types of services, programs, and activities needed and/or desired by older adults. The secondary purpose of this study is to explore what prompts and/or influences older adults, to participate in programs related to their health and wellbeing. This study is needed, because the population of older adults has increased, due to the baby boomer generation. Even though there is a large population increase there is a decrease in the use of senior centers. The study used qualitative methods by the means of eight focus group locations in the state of North …

Experiential Learning And Assessment In The Era Of Donald Trump, Jamie Abrams

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

Law teaching is turning a critical corner with the implementation of new ABA accreditation standards requiring greater skills development, experiential learning, and student assessment. Years of debate and discourse preceded the adoption of these ABA Standards, followed by a surge in programming, conferencing, and list-serv activity to prepare to implement these standards effectively. Missing from the dialogue about effective implementation of standards has been thoughtful consideration of how implementing these requirements will intersect with the challenges, realities, opportunities, and complexities of political divisiveness and polarization so prevalent in society and university campuses today.

Law schools are notably implementing these pedagogical …

Teenage Pregnancy, Parenting, And Abortion: Legal Limits On Adolescents' Reproductive Rights, Maya Manian

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

As numerous scholars have noted, the law takes a strikingly incoherent approach to adolescent reproduction. States overwhelmingly allow a teenage girl to independently consent to pregnancy care and medical treatment for her child, and even to give up her child for adoption, all without notice to her parents, but require parental notice or consent for abortion. This chapter argues that this oft-noted contradiction in the law on teenage reproductive decision-making is in fact not as contradictory as it first appears. A closer look at the law's apparently conflicting approaches to teenage abortion and teenage childbirth exposes common ground that scholars …

Leading With Conviction: The Transformative Role Of Formerly Incarcerated Leaders In Reducing Mass Incarceration, Susan Sturm, Haran Tae

Faculty Scholarship

This report documents the roles of formerly incarcerated leaders engaged in work related to reducing incarceration and rebuilding communities, drawing on in-depth interviews with 48 of these leaders conducted over a period of 14 months. These “leaders with conviction” have developed a set of capabilities that enable them to advance transformative change, both in the lives of individuals affected by mass incarceration and in the criminal legal systems that have devastated so many lives and communities. Their leadership assumes particular importance in the era of the Trump Presidency, when the durability of the ideological coalitions to undo the failed apparatus …

Democratic Experimentalism, Charles F. Sabel, William H. Simon

Faculty Scholarship

Democratic Experimentalism is an orientation in contemporary legal thought that draws on both the critical impulses of modernist theory and the constructive practice of postbureaucratic organization.

Some of the core ideas of Democratic Experimentalism were formulated long ago, notably by pragmatists in the John Dewey mold, but they have been elaborated in response to social developments of recent decades. A recurring challenge presented by these developments is uncertainty, by which we mean the inability to anticipate, much less to assign a probability to, future states of the world. The constellation of changes that make contemporary economies more innovative produces uncertainty …

Intention And Motivation, Joseph Raz

Faculty Scholarship

What is the role of intentions in the actions intended? What do they contribute, and how do they contribute to the occurrence of the intended actions?

The paper will offer an account of acting with an intention and of having an intention to act. It will not offer an account of intentional action, merely suggesting that when intentional actions are not actions done with an intention, their explanation as intentional relates to that of actions with intentions, showing how like them and unlike them they are. Motivation will be discussed mainly to distinguish its role in leading to action from …

Introduction: Judges As Diplomats In Advancing The Rule Of Law: A Conversation With President Koen Lenaerts And Justice Stephen Breyer, Fernanda Nicola

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

Introduction. On both sides of the Atlantic, Western countries have taken a well publicized and perhaps poorly understood turn toward leaders espousing extremist, xenophobic, and introspective politics that threaten the core tenets of liberal democracy. Electorates appear divided and confused as political leadership in Europe and the U.S. take measures that undermine the basic principles of the rule of law and human rights. Above all else, the designated defenders of the constitutional order, the supreme courts, have come under direct political attack in countries such as Hungary and Poland. Even in traditional bastions of Western democracy, like the United States …

The Shade Of A Criminal Record: Colorism, Incarceration, And External Racial Classification, Steven L. Foy, Victor Ray, Ashley Hummel

Sociology Faculty Publications

Recent high-profile research suggests that social indicators like incarceration influence racial categorization. Yet, this research has largely ignored colorism—intraracial differences in skin tone that matter for stratification outcomes. In two experiments, we address how skin tone interacts with criminal background to produce external racial classification and skin tone attributions. We find no evidence that criminal history affects external racial classification or skin tone attribution. However, we find that skin tone is a strong and consistent predictor of external racial classification and skin tone attribution.

Ending Disparities And Achieving Justice For Individuals With Mental Disabilities, Robert K. Goldman, Sheila Shea

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

No abstract provided.

The Washington Redskins Case And The Search For Dignity, Victoria Phillips

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

INTRODUCTION: For more than sixty years, Native American activists have been involved in discussions and protests over the appropriation and use of tribal references in sports names, logos, and mascots. During this same period, many of these uses have since been changed, driven by civil rights struggles and a growing awareness of the proven social harms and racism inherent in these references. Despite a gradual movement towards abolition and evolving signs of cultural understanding, many mascots invoking Native names and imagery persist today across professional, collegiate, and local school district sports. These mascots and team names, and the trademarks associated …

Probabilistic Compliance, Alex Raskolnikov

Faculty Scholarship

Uncertain legal standards are pervasive but understudied. The key theoretical result showing an ambiguous relationship between legal uncertainty and optimal deterrence remains largely undeveloped, and no alternative conceptual approaches to the economic analysis of legal uncertainty have emerged. This Article offers such an alternative by shifting from the well-established and familiar optimal deterrence theory to the new and unfamiliar probabilistic compliance framework. This shift brings the analysis closer to the world of legal practice and yields new theoretical insights. Most importantly, lower uncertainty tends to lead to more compliant positions and greater private gains. In contrast, the market for legal …

We Have Lost A Sense Of Purpose About Eliminating Torture, Juan E. Mendez

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Differential Drl Exposure On Interval Timing: Information Vs. Inhibition, Matthew L. Eckard

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Recent investigations focusing on interventions to improve self-controlled choice have centered upon timing processes. However, speculation still remains regarding the mechanism of these interventions. To investigate how these interventions have their effects, timing in mice was assessed using an 18-s peak procedure (18-s FI trials; 54-s peak trials). During an intervention phase, mice in three treatment groups experienced differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL) schedules of reinforcement. A control group received continued exposure to the peak procedure. After 36 DRL sessions, timing was reassessed in the peak procedure. In contrast to previous reports, the DRL intervention resulted in less precise …

Development And Validation Of An Oral Health Values Scale, Cierra B. Edwards

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Oral health values, the degree to which one demonstrates investment in improving or maintaining one's dental status, are believed to vary across individuals. Oral health values may contribute to dental treatment utilization. By assessing differences in oral health values, researchers may be better able to explain differences in dental care treatment-seeking patterns. There is limited research, however, on measuring and evaluating oral health values. This study developed and validated a new Oral Health Values Scale (OHVS) that may be used in future research efforts to understand psychosocial barriers to treatment. The study provided evidence of content validity by having experts …

Characterizing Risk Factors Of Adolescent Electronic Cigarette Use, Paul T. Enlow

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs, electronic vapor products) rose dramatically in the United States over the past decade and a half, most notably among high school students. This increase in use, coupled with concerns about renormalization of smoking and potential health risks, has raised concern that e-cigs represent a growing public health risk. Unfortunately, there is limited research on risk factors for e-cig use among teens, and many studies have methodological flaws that are unaddressed. The primary aim of the current study is to apply an empirically tested theory of health-risk behaviors in adolescents, Problem Behavior Theory (PBT), to lifetime- …

The Relationship Between Father Involvement And Paternal Emotion Socialization, Kayla E. Forshee

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between father involvement and emotion socialization. Fathers amount of time and quality of paternal involvement (e.g., engagement in childcare activities, secondary activities, and time spent in children's company) with their preschool aged children was assessed to determine if it influenced how fathers respond to the children's emotion (e.g., disappointment, anger, and anxiety). Heterosexual fathers (M = 39.46 yrs.) of children ages 3-5 years old were recruited from preschools and daycares in the larger metropolitan, D.C. area. Paternal self-report measures were used to measure father's involvement and their socialization strategies. Results …

Development And Evaluation Of A Patient Decision Aid For The West Virginia Physician Order For Scope Of Treatment (Post), Jarred V. Gallegos

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Decision aids have been shown to be helpful for patients making medical decisions. The use of decision aids can increase patient knowledge, decrease decisional conflict, and increase overall satisfaction with the treatment decision made. The purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate a novel video decision aid for the West Virginia Physician Orders for Scope of Treatment (POST). There are no known decision aids developed to assist patients completing POST forms, thus there is a paucity of research investigating the nature, quality, and outcomes of the decision-making process of patients completing a POST form. Fifty English-speaking, community-dwelling older …

Tobacco, Denormalization, Anti-Healthism, And Health Justice, Lindsay Wiley

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

No abstract provided.

Investigating Stress Response Across Integrated Biological Systems, Alice A. Han

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The impact that a stressor has on a living system, whether it is on a cellular, organ, or even a whole organism level, can affect the overall health of the system. Monitoring the biochemical response resulting from a stressful experience offers insight into the numerous potential outcomes ranging on the spectrum of survival and death. Accessing this information not only provides a heightened understanding of the biochemical adaptions that occur, but also allows for the development of prediction models (to assess prospective influences of the stressor) or potential therapeutic treatments (to alleviate adverse effects) using measurable, quantifiable, and comparable metrics. …

An Examination Of The Consultation Component Of A Training Protocol For Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, Carrie B. Jackson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

There is a growing need to train clinicians in evidence-based treatments (EBTs) to increase the accessibility of research-informed treatments in community settings (Herschell, Kolko, Baumann, & Davis, 2010). Multi-component trainings, which commonly include ongoing support, are more effective than one-day workshops, reading treatment manuals, and other brief training methods. The present study examines the effectiveness of one form of ongoing support, consultation, as part of a multi-component training protocol. Thirty-two community-based clinicians were trained in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) as part of a statewide implementation effort, and data were collected on several training (e.g., knowledge) and implementation (e.g., acceptability) outcomes …

Tales From A Supportive Guardianship, Robert Dinerstein

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of An Exercise And Kinesiotape Intervention On Forward Headrounded Shoulder Posture And Scapular Dyskinesis, Lucas Klawiter

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Context: Forward head and rounded shoulder posture as well as scapular dyskinesis are forms of improper posture that have been linked to neck and shoulder pain. Treatment for forward head posture (FHP), rounded shoulder posture (RSP), and scapular dyskinesis has consisted of an exercise protocol. Kinesiotape (KT) has recently been used as a treatment method but there is a lack of research on the effectiveness, or whether exercise or KT is better than the other. Objective: The objective of the study was to compare a KT intervention to a strengthening and stretching program for correction of FHP, RSP, and scapular …

Philosophical Approaches To Compositional Technique In Isang Yun's Works For Solo Flute, Mirim Lee

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

As modern composers draw on an ever-widening source of inspiration from musical traditions and practices around the world, the music of twentieth-century Korean composers deserves greater recognition and increased performance within Western culture. This is especially true of the works of Korean-German composer Isang Yun (1917-1995), a prolific composer whose output is largely unknown in Korea. This research paper will examines selected works for solo flute by Yun with particular attention to Sori (1988).;Isang Yun studied composition under Tony Aubin (1907-1981) and Pierre Revel (1901-1984) at the Paris Conservatory from 1956-1957. He also studied in West Berlin at the Musikhochschule …

Assessment Of Protein Intake And Social Support Among Bariatric Surgery Patients, Ashley Marie Gehl

Health Nutrition and Exercise Science

People who have bariatric surgery often fall short of their desired weight loss. The purpose of this study was to assess adherence to protein recommendations of the post-bariatric surgery patients. Results of 59 participants indicated that over half did not meet protein recommendations. Over half used protein supplements to help meet the recommendations. Another purpose of this study was to determine individuals whom post bariatric surgery patients identified as important in their social support network. The use of social support bariatric groups was also assessed. Results showed bariatric support groups were an important form of social support to aid in …

Effects Of Chronic Electronic Vapor Exposure On Body Weight, Appetite, And Metabolism, Matthew J. Breit

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cigarette smokers weigh less than non-smokers and gain weight upon smoking cessation. Electronic cigarettes (E-cigs) have been used as a smoking cessation tool among many, however, their effects on metabolism, appetite, and energy balance are virtually unknown. This study compares the effects of chronic E-cig vapor exposure on body mass, food intake, metabolism, and body composition in mice. We hypothesized that E-cig exposure would elicit similar changes on body mass, body composition, food intake, and metabolic and appetite-regulating markers as conventional cigarettes (i.e. 3R4F reference cigarette). Female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to filtered room air (n=15), mainstream smoke from 3R4F …