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Delayed Harvest Affects Quality Of Durum Wheat, Patricia Alejandra Cabas-Lühmann

Plant Sciences

Harvest can be delayed for many reasons. This research was conducted to determine the effect of delayed harvest on grain and semolina quality of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum [Desf.] Husn.). Twelve durum cultivars were planted in eight-row plots with four replicates at three environments. Two rows were harvested at four harvest times that were spaced about one week apart. The trend for all cultivars was for an increase in percent of large kernels, kernel brightness, 1000-kernel weight, and semolina gluten index with delayed harvest, while grain yield, test weight, kernel vitreousness, falling number, grain yellow pigment, and …

Mechanical And Physical Properties Of Biodegradable Wheat Bran, Maize Bran, And Dried Distillers Grain Arabinoxylan Films, Cassie Alexandra Palm Anderson

Plant Sciences

Arabinoxylans are non-starch polysaccharides in the cell walls of cereal crops including maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Arabinoxylans are produced when maize bran, dried distillers grain, and wheat bran are processed. The objective of this research was to extract arabinoxylan from cereal processing byproducts for use in biodegradable films. The arabinoxylan was extracted with dilute sodium hydroxide and purified using α-amylase and protease. In addition to arabinoxylan, these films were made with either glycerol or sorbitol as a plasticizer at levels of 100, 250 or 500 g kg-1. These films had tensile strengths as high as …

Identification Of New Sources Of Resistance To Anthracnose In Climbing Bean Germplasm From Guatemala, Carlos Raul Maldonado Mota

Plant Sciences

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magnus) Briosi and Cavara is a fungal disease that affects common bean worldwide. Seed yield loses sometimes reach 100% when the seed is infected and environmental conditions favor the disease. Climbing beans in Guatemala represent the main source of protein for the habitants of this region (9.4 kg/person/year). Unfortunately, anthracnose threatens climbing bean production in the region. Six races were found among samples collected in Guatemala Highlands using the standard common bean differential lines. Also, a germplasm collection from ICTA Guatemala was evaluated for resistance to C. lindemuthianum race 73, which is the …

Effects Of Pretreatments On Separating The Seed Coat From The Cotyledon Of Black Bean, Hettige Supun Fernando

Plant Sciences

Separation of seed coat from the cotyledon could result in an additional black bean food ingredient. The objective of this study was to develop a standard milling procedure that can achieve optimum seed coat removal from black bean seed. Black beans were cooked in boiling water for 0, 5, 10, and 20 min or were tempered to 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% moisture. Then all samples were dried to the original moisture content in ambient air or at 90°C. Pretreated black beans were milled using a burr mill and a roller mill. Seed coat was removed by aspiration. Seed …

Kentucky Bluegrass Growth And Performance As Affected By Salinity And Salt Composition, Liqi Yang

Plant Sciences

Turfgrass growth, development, and functionality are adversely affected by high soil salinity. Most of the previous salinity tolerance research involved NaCl-induced saline conditions. However, there are regions such as California and North Dakota where the predominant cation and anion is Mg2+ and SO42-, respectively. The objective of this research was to determine the salinity tolerance of ‘Kenblue’ and ‘Moonlight’ Kentucky bluegrass as affected by NaCl, Na2SO4, MgCl2, and MgSO4 at four saline levels at early growth and vegetative stages. The results showed that shoot and root dry weight, root length, and turfgrass performance decreased with increasing salinity levels at both …

Serviceberry: Potential North Dakota Accessions For The Nursery Industry, Jorden Hinrichsen

Plant Sciences

Saskatoon serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) is an ornamental Rosaceous shrub producing delicate white flowers that yield fruit similar in appearance and nutrition to blueberry (Vaccinium spp.). Most serviceberry are propagated in Canada and, as imported stocks are often expensive, clones were accessed from 70 locations in North Dakota. Following establishment, a replicated field trial of wild biotypes of serviceberry was initiated at the North Dakota State University Horticulture Research Farm (NDSU HRF) near Absaraka, ND and at the Williston Research and Extension Center (WREC) in Williston, ND. Yield data was taken upon harvest in summers 2014-2017 at NDSU HRF and …

Soybean Response To Nitrogen And Sulfur Fertilization, Benjamin Cigelske

Plant Sciences

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill.] yields in North Dakota have not yet reached their genetic potential. Applying fertilizers may increase yields. This study was conducted to understand the impact of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) fertilization on soybean plant density, vigor, greenness, height, yield, test weight, protein and oil content, nodulation, vegetation, and root growth. Two varieties were planted in experiments across ten environments during 2015-2016. Yield differed between environments (up to 77%). Varieties responded differently to N and S fertilizer. Nitrogen (56 kg N ha-1) in the form of broadcast incorporated urea increased vigor (13%) and yield (3.6%) but …

The Role Of Human Rights Litigation In Improving Access To Reproductive Health Care And Achieving Reductions In Maternal Mortality, Jennifer Templeton Dunn, Katherine Lesyna, Anna Zaret

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Strategies For Weed Management In Organic Production Systems In The Northern Great Plains, Samantha Kay Hogstad

Plant Sciences

Two field studies were conducted in North Dakota to explore methods to facilitate weed management in organic production systems. No-till farming is gaining popularity in conventional systems; however, organic producers often rely on tillage for weed control. We hypothesized that the addition of sheep grazing into an organic no-till annual production system with roller crimped cover crops would aid weed management. Despite the grazing treatment, the no-till system resulted in greater weed biomass and increased yield loss compared to a tilled system. Weed community composition differed between no-till and conventionally tilled treatments. A second study was conducted to explore alternatives …

Barring Survivors Of Domestic Violence From Food Security: The Unintended Consequences Of 1996 Welfare And Immigration Reform, Claire R. Thomas, Ernie Collette

Articles & Chapters

During the 1990s, Congress amended the Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”) to create forms of immigration relief for previously neglected vulnerable groups. One such group—survivors of domestic violence—was aided through the Violence Against Women Act (“VAWA”), which amended the INA to allow abused spouses, children, and parents of U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents to self-petition for family-based immigration benefits without the abuser’s knowledge. Both abused female and male spouses are able to receive immigration benefits under VAWA, as well as spouses in same-sex marriages.

Despite protections in immigration law for survivors of domestic violence, two other acts—the Personal Responsibility …

Demographic Differences In The Causal Effects Of Obesity Status On Child Academic Achievement, Yoshie Hayasaka Kim

Theses and Dissertations

Many studies have found a negative correlation between obesity and academic achievement; however, determining and reaching a consensus about the nature of causality between these two variables have posed a challenge for scholars and researchers. If obesity does indeed have a negative causal effect on academic achievement, it has significant policy implications as it affects human capital investment. In this paper, I use the National Longitudinal Study of Youth-1979, Child and Young Adult data and estimate OLS, FE, traditional IV, and Lewbel IV models for children ages 5-12, stratified by race and gender. Under an individual fixed-effects model, I find …

An Evaluation Of Elk Home Range Variation In North Dakota, Jacqueline Marie Amor

Theses and Dissertations

In North Dakota, dispersing elk (Cervus elaphus) were colonizing areas of suitable habitat in Turtle Mountain, Pembina Hills, and Porcupine Hills, ND, USA. Although these 3 elk herds were small (~100–250 individuals each), they had been responsible for crop depredation in these areas. The North Dakota Game and Fish Department (NDGF) had little information on these elk herds. In cooperation with Standing Rock Sioux Reservation and Manitoba Department of Sustainable Development, NDGF contracted with the University of North Dakota (UND) to collect and analyze critical baseline information to better manage these elk herds. The objectives of this study were to …

Health And Wellness Coaching Utilization And Perspectives Of Health Practitioners Working In American Indian Communities, Jill Breyen

Theses and Dissertations

Despite increased interest in client-directed counseling methods to manage chronic disease, limited data exists about utilization of counseling skills and attitudes towards these methods among health care providers, specifically those providing care to at risk populations. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the beliefs and practices of a multidisciplinary group of health practitioners who were trained in health and wellness coaching (HWC) that included motivational interviewing (MI) techniques. The training was sponsored by the Bemidji Area Indian Health Service Health Promotion Disease Prevention (BAO IHS HPDP) program. Forty-seven trained coaches from the BAO IHS HPDP working with …

Development And Validation Of The Internalized Classism Scale For Poor And Working Class In The United States, Aleska Randa Hagan

Theses and Dissertations

The poor and working class are largely overlooked or ignored across many aspects of U.S society including public policy, societal structure, representation in media, and even in the realm of psychological research (Lott, 2002; Smith, 2005). Furthermore, of the scanty representations and descriptions of the poor and working class that are available, most are derived from oppressive classist views and negative stereotypes (Smith, 2010). Classism pervades the social structure of the United States. Classist beliefs and experiences of classism are internalized by all members of society to some degree. Working class and poor people who experience internalized classism are likely …

Rust Resistance In The Guatemalan Climbing Bean Germplasm Collection, Luz De Maria Albertina Montejo Domínguez

Plant Sciences

Common bean is the main source of protein, fiber, and iron for Guatemalan's poorest households; however, bean rust can cause up to 100% yield losses. There is limited information about bean rust in Guatemala, especially at mid-altitude highlands. During 2015, 23 bean rust samples were collected in the Western Guatemalan Highlands and 17 isolates where characterized, as a result, races 63-1 and 31-1 were identified. Those were used to evaluate rust resistance by using 372 Guatemalan climbing beans. In total, 82% of accessions were resistant to race 63-1, 86% to race 31-1, and 90% to race 20-3. Based on GWAS …

Genetic Analysis Of Frost Tolerance In Rapeseed/Canola (Brassica Napus L.), Danielle Fiebelkorn Wrucke

Plant Sciences

Frost can be detrimental to canola (Brassica napus L.) production. Depending on the severity, the entire field can be killed. Having frost tolerance in canola would benefit growers by allowing them to plant early, utilize early season moisture, and avoid high heat during flowering. However, frost tolerance in canola has not been well studied. A protocol was developed that determined 14 day old seedlings should be acclimated at 4°C for 7 days before being exposed to overnight frost (-4°C) in a small freezing chamber. However, when a larger chamber was used for freezing, the protocol was optimized to -8°C instead. …

Genetic Diversity Of The Guatemalan Climbing Bean Collections, Maria Gabriela Tobar Pinon

Plant Sciences

Since common bean is the most important legume crop for human consumption around the world, bean breeders are challenged to increase production of beans while facing new problems like climate change. Guatemalan climbing beans have been suggested to represent race Guatemala, a newly identified race in the Middle American gene pool that may represent an untapped source of alleles for bean improvement. This study confirmed the existence of race Guatemala in the Middle American gene pool and its differentiation from other races. The low population structure found within these Guatemalan beans also makes this population ideal for discovery of candidate …

Distillers Byproduct Compared To Other Nitrogen Sources As A Fertilizer For Corn, Elizabeth Anne Lovering

Plant Sciences

Corn (Zea mays L.) based ethanol and associated byproducts like wet (WDG) production has increased over the past decade. Research was conducted in five environments in North Dakota to determine the nitrogen (N) fertilization value of WDG compared to five other N fertilizer sources. In fertilizer responsive sites, 25% more WDG were required based on N equivalent than other N sources to obtain a similar yield and grain protein when applied in the spring. Effectiveness of WDG were reduced when applied to no-tilled corn. Utilizing WDG as a nitrogen source is not economical at the current product prices of WDG …

Identification And Introgression Of Novel Genes For Stem Rust Ug99 Resistance From Relative Species Of Wheat, Baljeet K. Gill

Plant Sciences

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.: Pers f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn. (Pgt), is a destructive disease that can cause severe yield losses in wheat. A new Pgt race Ug99 (TTKSK), which was first identified in Uganda in 1998, has overcome many important stem rust resistance (Sr) genes. There is an ongoing world-wide need to identify new and effective resources of resistance. The objectives of this study were to transfer the Ug99-effective Sr genes from wheat-grass species Thinopyrum junceum to hexaploid wheat through chromosome engineering and to identify and map new Sr genes from tetraploid wheat …