Digital Commons Network^™

Effect Of Projection Variables On Throw Distance And Flight Time In An American Football Throw, Nicholas P. Linthorne, Alessandro-Sky N. Modebe

ISBS Proceedings Archive

In American football the ball is usually thrown to the receiver with near-maximum speed and a low angle so as to minimize the flight time. In this study a player performed maximum-effort throws using a wide range of projection angles. The throws were recorded by a video camera and a 2D biomechanical analysis was conducted to obtain mathematical expressions for the relationships between the projection variables. These expressions were then inserted into a model of the aerodynamic flight of an American football, and the throw distance and flight time were calculated. We that found the relationships between the projection variables …

Effect Of Foot Rotation Angle On The Rotational Range Of Motion Of Trunk And Pelvis, Keizo Yamamoto, Yuki Ito, Fukashi Shinkaiya

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of foot rotation angle on the rotational range of motion (ROM) of trunk and pelvis. Eleven healthy males participated in this study who performed a maximum rotation of the trunk in a standing posture on the conditions of five different foot rotation angles based on “the central angle” that was defined as the average of the maximum internal- and external-rotation of hip joint in a static standing. Kinematic and kinetic analysis was performed with an optical motion capture system and two force plates. The ROM of the pelvis segment decreased …

The Parallel Bars Movements With Strain Of Bars, Aw Suraj Chandana, Lv Wangang, Yi Mingnong, Wei Xubo

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The long swing movements of a national level gymnast (50.4kg) were used to observe time history of joint angles of body and the middle points of the parallel bars in different conditions. Parallel bars were modelled using four massless spring dampers and two point masses. Further, a 50kg metal spear was attached to the middle points of the parallel bars and their oscillations on different planes were observed. Parameters were calculated using a parallel bars model and were compared with the standard specifications of the Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG). Hence, the dynamic forces which are acting on the middle …

Sphere Fitting Into Volumetric Representations Of Basketball Throws, Volkan D. Yayioglu, Serdar Aritan

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aims to provide an evaluation, through some simplifications, for the most forgiving throw positions in the game of basketball throughout the playing field. For each position, throws are modelled as differential equations and then solved numerically. Given a position in the playing field, velocity vectors of successful throws constitute a solid and we fit a maximal sphere into these solids to evaluate the error tolerance for each position. A contour graph for the volumes of maximal spheres was plotted for this evaluation.

Soft Tissue Artefacts Cause An Underestimation In Knee Flexion Angle In Skinmarker Based Squat Simulations, Michael Pluss, Florian Schellenberg, Renate List, Pascal Schutz, William R. Taylor, Silvio Lorenzetti

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Simulated muscle forces provide crucial knowledge for rehabilitation and training exercise design. To accurately simulate the internal loading conditions, input kinematics of the skeletal structures without soft tissue artefact (STA) are required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of two numerical approaches to reduce STA for squat kinematics. Squat repetitions of 6 elderly subjects were examined using skin markers and video-fluoroscopy. Kinematic analysis was performed with a segmental and musculoskeletal simulation approach and compared to fluoroscopic data. The averaged RMS errors relative to the maximum knee range of motion were 8.8%, 32% and 49% for flexion/extension, …

Predicting Ground Reaction Forces From Trunk Kinematics: A Mass-Spring-Damper Model Approach, Niels J. Nedergaard, Mark A. Robinson, Barry Drust, Paulo Lisboa, Jos Vanrenterghem

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to explore if a mass-spring-damper model can simulate trunk kinematics during running with the purpose of predicting ground reaction forces (GRF). Vertical GRF and trunk kinematics was measured for 16 participants during running at 2-5 m·s-1. The vertical trunk acceleration were used to simulate the acceleration of a mass-spring-damper model’s upper mass and generate the eight model parameters required to predict GRF. Mean squared errors between 0.8 ± 0.4 and 0.9 ± 0.5 m·s-2 and between 19.1 ± 7.0 and 27.9 ± 14.5 N·kg-1 were observed for the trunk acceleration and GRF respectively. Despite …

Optimising Individual Performance In Cricket Fast Bowling, Paul Felton, Mark King

ISBS Proceedings Archive

While an experimental approach is suitable to understand the differences between bowlers it is not suitable to understand the changes required to optimise an individual’s performance. To optimise individual performance a 16-segment computer simulation model of the front foot contact phase of fast bowling was developed, customised to an elite fast bowler and evaluated. Optimising technique via the torque generator activation timings and the initial body configuration technique found increases in performance of 10% and 22%,respectively, where the optimal technique consisted of a straighter front knee, more delayed bowling and non-bowling arms and increased trunk flexion. The effect of increasing …

Muscle Force Estimation In Clinical Biomechanics: Anybody Vs Opensim, Ursula Trinler, Nathalie Alexander, Hermann Schwameder, Richard Baker

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Knowing the force profiles of individual muscles during various functional tasks may help to better identify various neuro-musculoskeletal impairments from functional movement analysis. Different simulation environments exist for this purpose. The aim of this study was to compare gait muscle force estimations (static optimisation) between the simulation environments AnyBody and OpenSim, using two similar musculoskeletal models. Results show mostly similar muscle forces, while some differences exist, resulting out of different anthropometrics and constraints of the generic models. The findings indicate the necessity to carefully analyse results when comparing muscle force estimations from different simulation environments. Future studies will develop a …

Modeling And Optimal Control Of Able-Bodied And Unilateral Amputee Running, Anna Lena Kleesattel, Debora Clever, Johannes Funken, Wolfgang Potthast, Katja Mombaur

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The remarkable performances of amputee athletes in sprint competitions aroused media and scientific interest and led to the question whether running-specific prostheses can be an advantage with respect to able-bodied running. The aim of this study was to bring together motion capture data and Scientific Computing methods to analyze the running motions of an able-bodied and a unilateral transtibial amputee athlete. For each of them a rigid multibody system model was created. By application of optimal control techniques, the dynamics of reference running movements from motion capture data was reconstructed for both models. The able-bodied and the transtibial amputee sprinters …

Analysis Of Simulated Annealing Based Optimization Of Human Movement For Performance Enhancement, Dhruv Gupta, Jody L. Jensen, Lawrence Abraham

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Technique is a defining feature of success in sport performance. In aerial phases of sport skills, in particular, it is the interplay among articulated body segments that optimizes the outcome. This interplay is characterized by intersegmental interactions during the projectile trajectory, the aerial phase, of the body’s center of mass. The purpose of this study was to examine mathematical optimization approaches to finding the best balance of intersegmental interaction and in that process maximizing the desired performance outcome. We compared optimization using two different search algorithms, brute-force and simulated annealing and found that using simulated annealing is an efficient way …

Adjustment In The Flight Phase Of 1m Springboard Forward Pike Dives, Mohsen Sayyah, M. R. (Fred) Yeadon, Michael J. Hiley, Mark A. King

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of this study was to investigate the variability in 1m springboard forward pike dives (101B). Variability of body orientation angle at takeoff and water entry together with joint angle time histories of 15 forward pike dives, performed by an international diver, were determined using video analysis. A computer simulation model was used to investigate the effects of initial conditions variability and flight phase configuration variability on outcome (orientation at entry) variability. It was found that the variation in the simulated orientation at entry arising from variability in the initial conditions was greater than the actual variation. This indicates …

A Simple Mathematical Model Of A Single Sculling Technique, Michal Wychowanski, Grzegorz Slugocki, Grzegorz Orzechowski, Zbigniew Staniak, Dariusz Radomski, Aleksander Trzcinski, Andrzej Wit

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The results in sport in rowing depend on the two most important factors, such as the athlete physical features and the techniques of motion. The assessment and optimisation of rowing techniques are possible only when one disposes the reliable mathematical model predicting the results of the regatta that is the time of covering an assumed distance. A single scull participating in the 2000 meters distance regatta is our subject. The purpose of this study is to create a simplified mathematical model to simulate the rowing boat dynamics. The boat-rower system is treated as a material point here. The oar has …

Informing Responders Using Gis And Gps, Deidre Mccarthy

CHAR

Hurricane Katrina devastated the Gulf Coast in August 2005 and created the single largest disaster for cultural resources that the United States has witnessed since the inception of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) in 1966. Notably, the NHPA created the National Register of Historic Places, our nation’s catalog of important cultural resources. The NHPA also stipulates that any federal undertaking which may adversely affect National Register eligible resources be mitigated. For the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Katrina created the largest compliance project ever under Section 106 of the NHPA.

Although causing a great deal of damage, Katrina also …

Keynote Address: Climate Change: From Global To New York Scale, Christopher D. Thorncroft

CHAR

This talk is concerned with the science and impacts of climate change from global to New York scales. It will provide an assessment of how the climate has changed over the past Century based on a purely observational perspective. The scientific basis for anthroprogenic climate change will be explained and discussed including a description of the “greenhouse effect” and why it is important for life on this planet. We will briefly discuss global and local consequences of a warmer climate and what we need to be prepared for going forward in the coming decades.

Possible Colonization Strategies Of Some Carabid Beetles Inhabiting Stream Shores (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Paul M. Holeski

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Certain species of insects appear to be better adapted by virtue of their particular strategy to survive disruption of the habitat than do others sharing the same area. Bembidion impotens, a carabid beetle, was especially successful in rapidly recolonizing a defaunated stream shore and in maintaining a relatively high population when the habitat was subjected to normal but severe disruption.

Active Camera Stabilization From High Altitude Balloons, Max Bowman, Jeremy Seeman, Ken Walczak

2017 Academic High Altitude Conference

Many applications of High Altitude Ballooning (HAB) require maintaining a bearing in a non-inertial frame of reference, for example keeping a camera continuously pointed at the sun from a HAB payload in motion. Maintaining a consistent bearing is especially difficult on a HAB flight because it is hard to accurately measure and compensate the relative motion of the payload. In addition, friction, conservation of angular momentum, and errors in relative bearing measurement complicate the solution. This project aims to solve these issues using a combination of accelerometer data, gyro data, and a stepper motor-driven platform. It was launched as part …

Off-Lined Content Temporal Relevance Filtering System, Justin Lewis, Richard Rapp

Defensive Publications Series

The technology disclosed herein relates to a predictive caching mechanism that automatically offlines content based on the temporal relevance of content from a content provided and the frequency in which a user accesses the content provider. For example, the caching mechanism may deprioritize (e.g., filter out) ephemeral content for users that are unlikely to view the content before it expires and prioritize episodic content (e.g., episode in video series) that is not ephemeral.

A Defense Of Denotative Theory From Kripke’S Criticism, Tomoya Imaizumi

Episteme

No abstract provided.

Liaison Librarians In The Know: Methods For Discovering Faculty Research And Teaching Needs, Nora B. Wood, Melanie Griffin

Charleston Library Conference

Libraries constantly seek information from their faculty partners on what, precisely, is needed from the library to support their teaching and research needs. This paper uses a case study from the University of South Florida (USF) as a framework to explore methods for determining the curriculum and research needs of faculty across disciplinary boundaries and ways for promoting library resources and services to departments across campus. Using syllabus analysis, website analysis, focus groups, and interviews, this project sought to evaluate faculty needs without relying on surveys. The data gathered from this case study will allow the liaisons at the University …

Wrangle Your Data Like A Pro With The Data Processing Power Of Python, Geoffrey P. Timms, Jeremy M. Brown

Charleston Library Conference

Management, delivery, and marketing of library resources and collections necessitate interaction with a plethora of data from many sources and in many forms. Accessing and transforming data into meaningful information or different formats used in library automation can be time consuming, but a working knowledge of a programming language can improve efficiency in many facets of librarianship. From processing lists to creating extensible markup language (XML), from editing machine-readable cataloging (MARC) records before upload to automating statistical reports, the Python programming language and third-party application programming interfaces (APIs) can be used to accomplish both behind-the-scenes tasks and end-user facing projects. …

Supporting Research Information Management In The Research University: Partnerships, Challenges, And Possibilities, Rebecca Bryant, Beth Sandore Namachchivaya, Julie Speer

Charleston Library Conference

Research universities are increasingly engaging in complex efforts to collect and synthesize information about an institution’s research footprint. The collection, updating, and sharing of the campus’s bibliographic research outputs is an increasingly important part of this effort, as institutions seek to develop external profiling systems and enable collaborator discovery and to also increasingly internally understand the research strengths and synergies of an institution for planning and assessment. Institutions are adopting a variety of tools to support research information management (RIM), faculty activity reporting (FAR), and researcher collaboration and discovery on campus. In this presentation, we will talk about the complex …

Is Small Beautiful? The Position Of Independent Scholarly Publishers In An Environment Of Rapid Industry Consolidation, Charlie Remy, Steve Cohn, Richard Gallagher, George Leaman

Charleston Library Conference

The publishing industry continues to consolidate, with large multinational publishers acquiring journals and other content from academic societies and independent publishers. This panel provided candid insights into the challenges facing smaller publishers, including how/why they continue to exist in a business environment increasingly dominated by large companies. The discussion examined the advantages that smaller, independent publishers enjoy and addressed their adaptation strategies, business planning (including open versus paid access models), strategic partnerships, technical infrastructure, production procedures, relationships with libraries, and the work needed to meet the evolving needs of library end users. The impact of industry consolidation on libraries, including …

Is A Gold Open Access World Viable For Research Universities?, Greg Tananbaum, Carol Tenopir, Ivy Anderson

Charleston Library Conference

Open access is at the heart of a seismic shift in scholarly publishing. In particular, gold open access (OA) has expanded at an accelerated pace, increasing in market share every year. In the gold OA model, financial viability shifts from the demand to the supply side, with article processing charges (APCs) a common scenario. Ideally, this model would be sustainable for academic research institutions, in that it would cost them cumulatively no more to pay APCs than they pay now in the traditional subscription model. APC-driven gold OA has financial and other implications for libraries, institutions, and authors. In the …

Reimagining Our World At Planetary Scale: The Big Data Future Of Our Libraries, Kalev Leetaru

Charleston Library Conference

No abstract provided.

Bridging The Divide: Collaborating Across Departments To Improve Communication And Collections, Nancy Fawley, Laura Gewissler

Charleston Library Conference

Flat budgets, rising subscription rates, and the need to communicate the (bad) news to librarians and faculty are part of the academic library landscape. Additionally, the University of Vermont recently implemented incentivebased budgeting, requiring financial transparency and demonstration of value to community stakeholders. Collaborative efforts between liaison librarians and collection management departments are increasingly necessary as libraries work to support research, teaching, and learning with fewer resources. This article will focus on the venues and the mechanisms that facilitate a culture of librarians sharing information across departments about financial realities within the libraries and the university to promote cooperative decision-making …

Scholarly Needs For Text Analysis Resources: A User Assessment Study For The Hathitrust Research Center, Harriett E. Green, Eleanor F. Dickson, Leanne R. Nay, Ewa Zegler-Poleska

Charleston Library Conference

The HathiTrust Research Center (HTRC) is undertaking a study to better understand the needs of current and potential users of the center’s tools and services for computational text analysis. In this paper, we report on the results of the first phase of the study, which consisted of interviews with scholars, administrators, and librarians whose work involves text data mining. Our study reveals that text analysis workflows are specific to the individual research project and are often nonlinear. In spite of, and in some cases because of, the wealth of textual data available, scholars find it most difficult to locate, access, …

We’Re On A Roll: Transforming E-Book Acquisitions In A Shifting Budget Landscape, Sheldon D. Armstrong, Ellen E. George, Arielle R. Lomness, Sally J. Taylor

Charleston Library Conference

In response to the challenging budget landscape in 2015–2016, the University of British Columbia Library took a new approach to e-book acquisitions. The Associate University Librarian, Collections, established a working group with a mandate to develop and implement a strategy for library-wide e-book purchasing. Members of the group were drawn from both campuses and represented public and technical services and a broad spectrum of disciplines. In this presentation, we will briefly review the factors that led to the formation of the working group, then discuss the steps taken in the analysis, selection, and purchase of e-books. The committee’s two-pronged approach—the …

Dda Management With Predictive Modeling, John Vickery

Charleston Library Conference

Demand-driven acquisitions (DDA) programs have become an integral part of academic libraries’ collecting strategies. While DDA programs provide an effective way to build a just-in-time collection, it can be difficult to anticipate how many titles will be triggered for purchase and what the financial impact will be. This presentation will describe a project to build a predictive model to flag DDA titles that are likely to be triggered for purchase within the first year of being added to the catalog. By implementing a predictive model, collections and acquisitions departments can better plan the yearly DDA budget. In addition, titles with …

The Librarian’S Survival Guide To The “Big Deal”: Tools For Unbundling, Samuel Cassady, Doug Lynch, Leanne Olson, Alie Visser

Charleston Library Conference

At Western University, like many other schools, journal package “big deals” (large, bundled collections of ejournals from the same publisher, purchased at a discount) have been seen as beneficial to the collection based on high discounts and low cost per use. When the Canadian loonie fell to 67 cents on the U.S. dollar in January 2016, it created unexpected financial challenges for collections management. We now had to consider new ways to find cost savings by canceling or unbundling resources, and big deals became a potential target. In evaluating these packages, we looked beyond cost per use, building on work …

Book Usage Is Rollin’ Down: Multifaceted Assessment Of Monograph Collection Performance To Optimize Purchase Decisions, Tricia L. Clayton, Skye C. Hardesty

Charleston Library Conference

Georgia State University’s print circulation has declined over 50% since 2010. Collection development librarians made several small-scale adjustments to address this trend, yet the drop off in use continued unabated. We had to totally rethink the book budget. To make changes strategically and responsibly, we needed answers to a variety of questions: Are there disciplines that do not need firm order allocations or even monographs? Does format matter? Does it matter how the titles are acquired with regard to approval versus firm order versus demand-driven acquisition (DDA)?

This paper discusses the multifaceted data-driven analysis we developed in order to provide …