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Inaugural Research Symposium, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley. School Of Medicine

School of Medicine Publications

Inaugural Research Symposium 2017

Listeria Occurrence In Poultry Flocks: Detection And Potential Implications, Michael J. Rothrock Jr., Morgan L. Davis, Aude Locatelli, Aaron Bodie, Tori G. Mcintosh, Janet R. Donaldson, Steven C. Ricke

Faculty Publications

Foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, and Listeria are a major concern within the food industry due to their pathogenic potential to cause infection. Of these, Listeria monocytogenes, possesses a high mortality rate (approximately 20%) and is considered one of the most dangerous foodborne pathogens. Although the usual reservoirs for Listeria transmission have been extensively studied, little is known about the relationship between Listeria and live poultry production. Sporadic and isolated cases of listeriosis have been attributed to poultry production and Listeria spp. have been isolated from all stages of poultry production and processing. Farm studies …

Advancing Our Understanding Of The Edwardsiella, Stephen Ralph Reichley

Theses and Dissertations

Diseases caused by Edwardsiella spp. are responsible for significant losses in wild and cultured fishes around the world. Historically, Edwardsiella tarda has been considered the most phenotypically and genotypically heterogeneous member of the genus. Investigations into intraspecific variability of E. tarda demonstrated isolates previously classified as E. tarda actually represent three genetically distinct yet phenotypically ambiguous groups, leading to the adoption of E. piscicida and E. anguillarum as discrete taxa. Current genomic investigations have demonstrated significant differences between these organisms. To this end, real-time quantitative PCR assays were developed to quickly and accurately detect the pathogens in pond water, fish …

Effects Of Feed Additive Strategies For Commercial Broiler Production And Gut Health, Courtney Elizabeth Ennis

Theses and Dissertations

The total removal of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) from poultry feed is underway in the United States. Feed additive strategies will be utilized to maintain the efficient growth, health, and economic value found with current commercial broiler production. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of feeding an encapsulated butyric acid and zinc product (EBAZ) at 3 inclusions on d 0- 49 Ross x Ross 708 male and female broiler performance, blood chemistry, and cecal short-chain fatty acid content. These data suggest that EBAZ can be safely included at 0.5 g/kg and at 2.5 g/kg into diets for Ross x Ross 708 …

Evaluating Different Approaches For The Delivery Of Probiotics To Broilers At Different Life Stages, Claudia Duneska Castaneda Bustillo

Theses and Dissertations

Probiotics are an alternative to increase broiler productivity and flock health. For this reason, the objective of the first study was to evaluate commercially available Bacillus spp. based probiotic products on their ability to reduce Salmonella Heidelberg, in vitro. Results showed that most products reduced the lower concentrations of S. Heidelberg and maintained a reduction for up to 8 h. The second study was conducted to determine if bacterial colonization occurred in a broiler chick after in ovo injection. Using bioluminescence, it was demonstrated that bacteria could migrate and colonize the embryo within 2 h after in ovo injection into …

Cultural Model Of Infant Feeding Among Women In Rural And Urban Bangladesh, Rumana Rahman

Theses and Dissertations

Cultural practices influence infant feeding choices and have a significant impact on children’s physiological growth and cognitive development. This study examined cultural knowledge of infant feeding among woman in rural and urban Bangladesh. The findings of this research indicated that there was sufficient agreement among the respondents to constitute a single shared cultural model of infant feeding among participants in Bangladesh. Results also indicated intracultural variation within this model in terms of duration of exclusive breastfeeding, age at introduction of water, and weaning practices. Better understanding infant feeding can inform future programs aimed at improving early nutrition, growth, and development …

Investigations Into The Life Cycle Of Drepanocephalus Auritus With Notes On The Discovery Of A New Snail Host Biomphalaria Havanensis In Mississippi, Neely Rae Alberson

Theses and Dissertations

Drepanocephalus auritus is a digenetic trematode parasitizing the double-crested cormorant, a piscivorous waterbird often found feeding on catfish aquaculture ponds in Mississippi. The aquatic snail Planorbella trivolvis was the only known intermediate host in Mississippi until a new snail host, Biomphalaria havanensis, was discovered releasing cercariae belonging to North and South American D. auritus haplotypes. In addition, previous work has reported D. auritus metacercariae begin to resolve in channel catfish 7-21 days post-infection. As a result, a 2-year study was undertaken to elucidate the life cycle of D. auritus and identify if channel catfish can serve as a true intermediate …

Identification Of Quantitative Trait Loci Contributing Resistance To Aflatoxin Accumulation In Maize Inbreds Mp715 And Mp717, Jesse Spencer Smith

Theses and Dissertations

Pre-harvest contamination of maize grain with aflatoxin is a chronic problem worldwide and particularly in the southeastern U.S. Aflatoxin is a mycotoxin produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus, an opportunistic ear-rot pathogen of maize (Zea mays). Resistance to aflatoxin accumulation is heritable, and resistant germplasm-lines are available. These lines are derived from “exotic” genetic backgrounds and were released as sources of resistance, not parental inbreds. However, all current sources of resistance are quantitative, which complicates conventional efforts to introgress resistance alleles from unadapted but resistant donor lines to adapted but susceptible recipient lines. Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) and their …

Comparative Genomics Of Two Super-Shedder Isolates Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7, Robab Katani, Rebecca Cote, Indira T. Kudva, Chitrita Debroy, Terrance M. Arthur, Vivek Kapur

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157) are zoonotic foodborne pathogens and of major public health concern that cause considerable intestinal and extra-intestinal illnesses in humans. O157 colonize the recto-anal junction (RAJ) of asymptomatic cattle who shed the bacterium into the environment through fecal matter. A small subset of cattle, termed super-shedders (SS), excrete O157 at a rate (104 CFU/g of feces) that is several orders of magnitude greater than other colonized cattle and play a major role in the prevalence and transmission of O157. To better understand microbial factors contributing to super-shedding we have recently sequenced two SS isolates, SS17 …

Cross-Species Transmission Potential Between Wild Pigs, Livestock, Poultry, Wildlife, And Humans: Implications For Disease Risk Management In North America, Ryan S. Miller, Steven Sweeney, Chris Slootmaker, Daniel A. Grear, Paul A. Di Salvo, Deborah Kiser, Stephanie A. Shwiff

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Cross-species disease transmission between wildlife, domestic animals and humans is an increasing threat to public and veterinary health. Wild pigs are increasingly a potential veterinary and public health threat. Here we investigate 84 pathogens and the host species most at risk for transmission with wild pigs using a network approach. We assess the risk to agricultural and human health by evaluating the status of these pathogens and the co-occurrence of wild pigs, agriculture and humans. We identified 34 (87%) OIE listed swine pathogens that cause clinical disease in livestock, poultry, wildlife, and humans. On average 73% of bacterial, 39% of …

Birmingham Among 13 U.S. Cities Committed To End The Spread Of Aids By 2030, Staff

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

“It Takes A (Healthy) Village To Raise A Child:” A Case For Integrating Public Health And Social Work Research To Eliminate Health Disparities, Heather H. Goltz

Journal of Family Strengths

Issue Editor, Heather H. Goltz, introduces Volume 17, Issue 1 of the Journal of Family Strengths.

Career Corner: Plant Biology Alum To Network With Stemstart Freshmen, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

All Forum Articles

No abstract provided.

Ifnar2-Dependent Gene Expression Profile Induced By Ifn-Α In Pteropus Alecto Bat Cells And Impact Of Ifnar2 Knockout On Virus Infection, Qian Zhang, Lei-Ping Zeng, Peng Zhou, Aaron T. Irving, Shang Li, Zheng-Li Shi, Lin-Fa Wang

KIP Articles

No abstract provided.

Glycomics For Microbes And Microbiologists, Peter N. Lipke

Publications and Research

The recent article “Lectin-Glycan Interaction Network-Based Identification of Host Receptors of Microbial Pathogenic Adhesins” by Ielasi et al. describes a new development in microbial carbohydrate analysis [Ielasi FS, Alioscha-Perez M, Donohue D, Claes S, Sahli H, Schols D, Willaert RG, mBio 7(4):e00584-16, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00584-16]. Specific carbohydrate ligands have been identified from the patterns of lectin binding to oligosaccharides printed on a chip. The new technique links the output to a comprehensive glycan database and offers a number of data visualization options. The graphs highlight the occurrence of potential ligands, organized by organism, tissue, and patterns of association with disease states. …

The Role Of Nutritional Aspects In Food Allergy: Prevention And Management, Alessandra Mazzocchi, Carina Venter, Kate Maslin, Carlo Agostoni

School of Nursing and Midwifery

No abstract provided.

Multi-Objective Optimization Of Hospital Inpatient Bed Assignment, Brenden Hoff

Theses

Choosing which bed to assign an admitted patient to in a hospital is a complex problem. There are numerous factors to consider including the patient’s gender and isolation requirements, current bed availability, and unit configurations. This problem must be solved each time a new patient seeks admission resulting in rearrangement of already admitted patients. Each movement of an already admitted patient increases the workload for hospital staff and also increases the risk of nosocomial infections for the patient. In order to alleviate these problems we propose optimizing the patient admission process through a multi-objective model which first maximizes the overall …

Analysis Of Antibiotics Use In Pediatric Pneumonia Patients Aged 3 Months - 5 Years, Dhita Evi Aryani, Didik Hasmono, Nun Zairina, Landia Setiawan

Folia Medica Indonesiana

Pneumonia is an infectious disease that causes acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma and compaction exudate in the lung tissue. In addition to causing significant morbidity and mortality, pneumonia is also difficult to diagnose, treatments are less precise and less taken seriously. Pneumonia caused the death of 14% of children under five in Indonesia, with a mortality rate of 83 children per day. The difficulty of diagnosis, the selection of a less appropriate antibiotics, side effects, differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug in infants and antibiotics resistance is to be a problem in itself. Therefore it is necessary …

Symptoms, Infectious Pathway, Treatment, And History Of Rabies In The United States, Paul Beckman-Ellenwood

Honors Theses

Rabies is a virus of the Lyssavirus family that is endemic to almost all parts of the world and claims over 55,000 lives every year. The virus is capable of being vectored through any warm-blooded animal and has a variable incubation time in its hosts. Once the disease finishes incubating and symptoms appear in the host, the disease is always fatal to humans. To prevent this there are several treatments available, but they can be expensive or difficult to obtain in parts of the world that have the most problems with rabies. To solve this vaccines have been created to …

Ampicillin Sulbactam And Cefotaxime Are Similarly Effective In Pediatric Pneumonia, Diny Puspitasari, Didik Hasmono, Taufiqur Rahman

Folia Medica Indonesiana

Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that occurs and still cause high mortality in young children today. The main cause is bacterial or viral. Antibiotics still recommended though it is difficult to know the cause is bacterial or viral. Ampicillin be the first option some guideline. Increased resistance worldwide become one of them concerns the effectiveness of antibiotics. The main treatment of toddler pneumonia in Muhammadiyah Hospital Lamongan are ampicillin sulbactam and cefotaxime. The study was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of both antibiotics. This study aims to analyze comparison in the use of ampicillin sulbactam and cefotaxime pneumonia …

Impact Of Larger Sputum Volume On Xpert(®) Mtb/Rif Assay Detection Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis In Smear-Negative Individuals With Suspected Tuberculosis., Sharlaa Badal-Faesen, Cynthia Firnhaber, Michelle A Kendall, Xingye Wu, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Rodrigo Otavio Da Silva Escada, Michel Fernandez, Evelyn Hogg, Ian Sanne, Pamela Johnson, David Alland, Gerald H Mazurek, Debra A Benator, Anne F Luetkemeyer

Medicine Faculty Publications

As a strategy to improve the sensitivity of nucleic acid-based testing in acid-fast bacilli (AFB) negative samples, larger volumes of sputum (5–10 mL) were tested with Xpert® MTB/RIF from 176 individuals with smear-negative sputum undergoing tuberculosis evaluation. Despite larger volumes, this strategy had a suboptimal sensitivity of 50% (4/8)

Stromal Cyclin D1 Promotes Heterotypic Immune Signaling And Breast Cancer Growth, Timothy G. Pestell, Xuanmao Jiao, Mukesh Kumar, Amy R. Peck, Marco Prisco, Shengqiong Deng, Zhiping Li, Adam Ertel, Matthew C. Casimiro, Xiaoming Ju, Agnese Di Rocco, Gabriele Di Sante, Sanjay Katiyar, Alison Shupp, Michael P. Lisanti, Pooja Jain, Kongming Wu, Hallgeir Rui, Douglas Craig Hooper, Zuoren Yu, Aaron R. Goldman, David W. Speicher, Lisa Laury-Kleintop, Richard G. Pestell

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

The cyclin D1 gene encodes the regulatory subunit of a holoenzyme that drives cell autonomous cell cycle progression and proliferation. Herein we show cyclin D1 abundance is increased > 30-fold in the stromal fibroblasts of patients with invasive breast cancer, associated with poor outcome. Cyclin D1 transformed hTERT human fibroblast to a cancer-associated fibroblast phenotype. Stromal fibroblast expression of cyclin D1 (cyclin D1^Stroma) in vivo, enhanced breast epithelial cancer tumor growth, restrained apoptosis, and increased autophagy. Cyclin D1^Stroma had profound effects on the breast tumor microenvironment increasing the recruitment of F4/80⁺ and CD11b⁺ macrophages and increasing …

Secreted Ns1 Aids In Dengue Virus Entry By Binding Heparan Sulfate, Morgan E. Schafer, Michael Dibiasio-White, Richard J. Kuhn

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

A large portion of the world’s population lives in an area where they are at risk of contracting Dengue Virus (DENV). While infection with DENV can result in a wide range of clinical manifestations, from flu-like symptoms to hemorrhagic shock, vascular leakage, and even death, no treatments currently exist. Previous studies have shown that higher levels of viral non-structural protein 1 (NS1) in the blood of infected patients correlate with more severe disease. NS1 has been shown to play many roles in the viral lifecycle, but the mechanisms by which NS1 executes these functions are unknown. Preliminary data from our …

Computational Drug Design: A Multitargeted Approach In Bladder Cancer, Travis C. Lantz, Joydeb Majumder, Gaurav Chopra

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Cancer is a complex, robust disease with multiple redundant disease pathways which lead to tumor development, growth, and eventually even death. Despite known redundancies, cancer therapeutics continue to be developed against a single protein target. Initial disease regression occurs followed by relapse in a drug resistant disease state. In response, combinational drug clinical trial targeting multiple pathways began, and have failed due to increased toxicity caused by adverse drug interactions. Development of a single drug that differentially targets multiple disease pathways will result in a more potent therapeutic while inducing minimal toxicity. This was done computationally through in-lab software packages, …

Relative Contribution Of Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Open Reading Frames 2–4 To The Induction Of Protective Immunity, Katherine Kimpston-Burkgren, Ignacio Correas, Fernando A. Osorio, David Steffen, Asit K. Pattnaik, Ying Fang, Hiep L. X. Vu

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The minor glycoproteins (GPs) of PRRSV, GP2, GP3, and GP4, form a heterotrimer that is required for viral infectivity, presumably due to its interaction with the key cellular receptor CD163. These 3 GPs are encoded by open reading frames (ORFs) 2a, 3, and 4 (herein referred to as ORFs 2–4), respectively. The goal of this study was to investigate the immunogenicity of the PRRSV-2 minor GPs. Through the use of reverse genetics, a chimeric virus (designated SDFL24) was constructed by replacing ORFs 2–4 of the PRRSV-1 strain SD01-08 with the corresponding genes of the PRRSV-2 strain FL12. While the parental …

Idarucizumab For Dabigatran Reversal - Full Cohort Analysis., Charles V. Pollack, Paul A. Reilly, Joanne Van Ryn, John W. Eikelboom, Stephan Glund, Richard A. Bernstein, Robert Dubiel, Menno V. Huisman, Elaine M. Hylek, Chak-Wah Kam, Pieter W. Kamphuisen, Jörg Kreuzer, Jerrold H. Levy, Gordon Royle, Frank W. Sellke, Joachim Stangier, Thorsten Steiner, Peter Verhamme, Bushi Wang, Laura Young, Jeffrey I. Weitz

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Idarucizumab, a monoclonal antibody fragment, was developed to reverse the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran.

METHODS: We performed a multicenter, prospective, open-label study to determine whether 5 g of intravenous idarucizumab would be able to reverse the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran in patients who had uncontrolled bleeding (group A) or were about to undergo an urgent procedure (group B). The primary end point was the maximum percentage reversal of the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran within 4 hours after the administration of idarucizumab, on the basis of the diluted thrombin time or ecarin clotting time. Secondary end points included the restoration …

Lyme Disease, Sondra Mcfadden

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and is a bacterial infectious disease that is spread by zoonotic transmission in which animals act as reservoir hosts and ticks are the primary vector or carrier and are considered arthropods. This poster presents Lyme disease, its pathophysiology, and nursing considerations for treating it.

White-Nose Syndrome Pathology Grading In Nearctic And Palearctic Bats, Jiri Pikula, Sybill K. Amelon, Hana Bandouchova, Tomáš Bartonička, Hana Berkova, Jiri Brichta, Sarah Hooper, Tomasz Kokurewicz, Miroslav Kolarik, Bernd Köllner, Veronika Kovacova, Petr Linhart, Vladimir Piacek, Gregory G. Turner, Jan Zukal, Natália Martínková

KIP Articles

No abstract provided.

Risky Sexual Behavior And Knowledge Of Hiv/Aids Transmission In A Community Sample: Sexual Orientation, Race, And Gender, Dustin K. Shepler, Kevin P. Johnson, Alicia A. Width

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

New cases of HIV/AIDS are disproportionately diagnosed among men who identify as lesbian, gay, and bisexual and Black. Reasons for this disparity may be related to differences in knowledge of how HIV/AIDS is transmitted and differences in willingness to engage in risky sexual behaviors. In this study, we examined whether differences in knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission and engagement in risky sexual behaviors differed among men and women; lesbian, gay, and bisexual and heterosexual people; and White and Black people. Findings indicate knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission was not related to sexual orientation or gender; however, White participants had higher scores on …

Journals Analysis In The Field Of Literature On Vascular Diseases In Children, Kotti Thavamani

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper presents the analysis of core journals and subject-wise coverage of journals in the field of Vascular Diseases in Children for the period from 2012 to 2016 in the MEDLINE data which are covered in the Pubmed. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the core journals and its subject-wise coverage of journals in the field of Vascular Diseases in Children. It is found that the maximum number of records (6223) was published during the year 2015. The majority of the records were journal articles. 43 journals grouped in zone-1 published 4122 journal articles. In the second zone …