Digital Commons Network^™

The End Of Aids: Gender, Race And Class Politics In New York's Campaign To End The Epidemic, Lauren Suchman

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Since its official discovery in 1981, the story of HIV/AIDS has been a story of inequality. Not only has the virus spread more easily among those marginalized due to their gender, race, or class, but AIDS activism itself has tended to elevate the voices and needs of the more powerful over those with less privilege. While we might point to 1981, when the CDC issued its first official report on HIV, as the official “beginning” of HIV/AIDS, where and how does the story end? This dissertation examines one attempt to bring the story to a close: New York State’s “Ending …

Method To Improve Drug Safety In Africa: A Pharmaceutical Learning Module, Holly Maize, Michael Mavity, Jordyn Mccord, Stephanie Schramm, Michael Stepanovic, David Wintczak

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

Substandard, spurious, falsely labeled, falsifi ed, and counterfeit (SSFFC) medications are a major concern in countries around the world, especially in the developing world. Forged and substandard medications pose major threats to the well-being and economic status of citizens in developing countries. This research focuses on designing an educational module and laboratory exercise that will teach students how to detect SSFFC medications with a universal method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This research is also focused on the implementation of the module at the Kilimanjaro School of Pharmacy (KSP) located in Tanzania. Acetaminophen tablets from four countries were purchased in …

Canadian-Anglophone African Human Rights Engagement: A Critical Assessment Of The Literature On Health Rights, Uchechukwu Ngwaba

The Transnational Human Rights Review

Contrary to common expectations, the engagement between Canada and Anglophone African countries on the issue of health rights has not been a “one-way-street” whereby Canada is the “giver” and Anglophone African countries are the “takers” of health benefits. This article, which undertakes a preliminary and critical assessment of the literature documenting this engagement, finds that both Canada and Anglophone African countries have mutually benefitted from their engagement in the area of health rights. These benefits have taken the form of Canada’s financial and technical contributions to various initiatives that seek to improve the availability and accessibility of health-related goods and …

Increasing Use Of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation In Patients Aged 70 Years And Older In The United States, Lori Muffly, Marcelo C. Pasquini, Michael Martens, Ruta Brazauskas, Xiaochun Zhu, Kehinde Adekola, Mahmoud Aljurf, Karen K. Ballen, Ashish Bajel, Frederic Baron, Minoo Battiwalla, Amer Beitinjaneh, Jean-Yves Cahn, Mathew Carabasi, Yi-Bin Chen, Saurabh Chhabra, Stefan Ciurea, Edward Copelan, Anita D'Souza, John Edwards, James Foran, Cesar O. Freytes, Henry C. Fung, Robert Peter Gale, Sergio Giralt, Shahrukh K. Hashmi, Gerhard C. Hildebrandt, Vincent Ho, Ann Jakubowski, Hillard Lazarus

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

In this study, we evaluated trends and outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in adults ≥ 70 years with hematologic malignancies across the United States. Adults ≥ 70 years with a hematologic malignancy undergoing first allogeneic HCT in the United States between 2000 and 2013 and reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research were eligible. Transplant utilization and transplant outcomes, including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and transplant-related mortality (TRM) were studied. One thousand one hundred and six patients ≥ 70 years underwent HCT across 103 transplant centers. The number and proportion of allografts …

Lyme Disease And Youtube™: A Cross-Sectional Study Of Video Contents, Corey H. Basch, Lindsay A. Mullican, Kwanza D. Boone, Jingjing Yin, Alyssa Berdnik, Marina E. Eremeeva, Isaac Chun-Hai Fung

Environmental Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Objectives: Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease. People seek health information on Lyme disease from YouTubeTM videos. In this study, we investigated if the contents of Lyme disease-related YouTubeTM videos varied by their sources.

Methods: Most viewed English YouTubeTM videos (n = 100) were identified and manually coded for contents and sources.

Results: Within the sample, 40 videos were consumer-generated, 31 were internet-based news, 16 were professional, and 13 were TV news. Compared with consumer-generated videos, TV news videos were more likely to mention celebrities (odds ratio [OR], 10.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.13–52.58), prevention of Lyme disease …

Thoracic Spinal Cord Glioblastoma Mimicking Epidural Abscess: Case Report And Literature Review., Rudy Marciano, Zubair Ahammad, Victor Awuor

Oncology Articles

Spinal cord glioblastoma (SG) accounts for 1.5% of all spinal tumors and has a poor prognosis with survival ranging from 2 to 26 months from presentation. A 57-year-old male presented with one week of paraparesis and contrasted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of an epidural enhancing thoracic mass suspicious for an epidural abscess. Intraoperative and pathologic findings revealed SG. Spinal cord tumors can mimic epidural abscess on MRI. When planning to address extradural spinal pathologies, one should be cognizant of the potential for either isolated or concurrent intradural pathologies. When the epidural findings do not correlate with preoperative imaging, intraoperative …

Level Of Exposure Of Childhood Tuberculosis With Adult Pulmonary Tuberculosis Household Contacts, Al Asyary, Tris Eryando, Purwantyastuti Purwantyastuti, Purnawan Junadi, Carol Clark, Edwin Van Teijlingen

Kesmas

Tuberkulosis paru (TB) pada anak kian menjadi masalah kesehatan global yang masih terlupakan seiring dengan peningkatan proporsi TB di Indonesia. Penularan penyakit ini di populasi umum seringkali berdampak pada anak, terlebih ketika kontak TB terjadi di rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh faktor protektif sehingga anak tetap sehat meskipun memiliki kontak dengan penderita TB dewasa serumah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kasus kontrol pada 132 responden anak yang berasal dari delapan rumah sakit rujukan dan beberapa puskesmas di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian dilakukan dalam periode Januari hingga Desember 2014 yang hasilnya dianalisis dengan uji bivariat (kai kuadrat) dan …

Risk Differences Between Elderly Men And Women Toward Doctor-Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus In Urban Areas In Indonesia: 2013 National Basic Health Research Data, Meiwita Budiharsana

Kesmas

Diabetes melitus (DM) adalah salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang paling umum di Indonesia. DM disebabkan berbagai faktor risiko. Peningkatan prevalensi DM salah satunya disebabkan oleh perubahan gaya hidup di perkotaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji perbedaan prevalensi DM yang didiagnosis dokter pada laki-laki dan perempuan usia 15 tahun keatas yang tinggal di daerah perkotaan di Indonesia. Analisis menggunakan data sekunder Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013 dengan desain studi potong lintang. Total sampel sebanyak 333.731 responden. Metode analisis menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa DM yang didiagnosis dokter pada laki-laki dan perempuan usia 15-39 tahun di perkotaan tidak berbeda. …

The Profile And Determinant Factors Of Quality Of Life In Patients With Diabetic Neuropathy, Rizaldy Taslim Pinzon, Kadek Sinthia Grahita Adnyana, Marta Lisnawati Zalukhu

Kesmas

Neuropati merupakan salah satu komplikasi tersering pada diabetes melitus (DM). Neuropati dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup, derajat kesehatan, maupun tingkat ekonomi. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengetahui kualitas hidup pasien DM dengan neuropati beserta dampak yang ditimbulkannya terlebih dahulu agar mendapatkan penanganan yang tepat demi meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil kualitas hidup pasien DM dengan neuropati. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional menggunakan Short Form 8 (SF-8) Health Survey Standard Indonesia terhadap pasien diabetes melitus dengan neuropati yang diambil secara konsekutif pada bulan Maret hingga Agustus 2016 di Poli Saraf Rumah Sakit Bethesda, Yogyakarta. Terdapat 57 subjek …

Nonparametric Variable Importance Assessment Using Machine Learning Techniques, Brian D. Williamson, Peter B. Gilbert, Noah Simon, Marco Carone

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

In a regression setting, it is often of interest to quantify the importance of various features in predicting the response. Commonly, the variable importance measure used is determined by the regression technique employed. For this reason, practitioners often only resort to one of a few regression techniques for which a variable importance measure is naturally defined. Unfortunately, these regression techniques are often sub-optimal for predicting response. Additionally, because the variable importance measures native to different regression techniques generally have a different interpretation, comparisons across techniques can be difficult. In this work, we study a novel variable importance measure that can …

Estimating Parasite Host Range, Tad Dallas, Shan Huang, Charles Nunn, Andrew W. Park, John M. Drake

Faculty Publications

© 2017 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. Estimating the number of host species that a parasite can infect (i.e. host range) provides key insights into the evolution of host specialism and is a central concept in disease ecology. Host range is rarely estimated in real systems, however, because variation in species relative abundance and the detection of rare species makes it challenging to confidently estimate host range. We applied a non-parametric richness indicator to estimate host range in simulated and empirical data, allowing us to assess the influence of sampling heterogeneity and data completeness. After …

Broadening Practice Perspective By Engaging In Academic-Practice Collaboration: A Faith Community Nursing Exemplar., Andra Opalinski, Susan M. Dyess, Nancy Stein, Kim Saiswick, Valerie Fox

International Journal of Faith Community Nursing

Opportunities to positively impact health outcomes within faith community nursing (FCN) abound. Leaders of FCN can broaden their perspectives and engage academic-practice collaboration (APC) as a method to enhance care delivery, conduct research, and advance the evidence base for FCN. This paper shares a unique FCN exemplar created and actualized from the context of an APC initiative. The population focus in the exemplar is a group of persons experiencing homelessness.

Experts Available To Discuss Health, Engineering And Economic Impacts Of Hurricanes, Staff

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Engineered Aptamers To Probe Molecular Interactions On The Cell Surface, Sana Batool, Sanam Bhandari, Shanell George, Precious Okeoma, Nabeela Van, Hazan E. Zümrüt, Prabodhika Mallikaratchy

Publications and Research

Significant progress has been made in understanding the nature of molecular interactions on the cell membrane. To decipher such interactions, molecular scaffolds can be engineered as a tool to modulate these events as they occur on the cell membrane. To guarantee reliability, scaffolds that function as modulators of cell membrane events must be coupled to a targeting moiety with superior chemical versatility. In this regard, nucleic acid aptamers are a suitable class of targeting moieties. Aptamers are inherently chemical in nature, allowing extensive site-specific chemical modification to engineer sensing molecules. Aptamers can be easily selected using a simple laboratory-based in …

Building Partner Capacity In Africa: Keys To Success, Frank L. Jones Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The fiscal year (FY) 2017 National Defense Authorization Act, which includes a title to reform the Department of Defense (DoD) security cooperation, has far-reaching implications for U.S. defense interests in Africa. As the Chairman of the House Armed Services Committee notes, “the Department of Defense continues to place greater emphasis on security cooperation, to include building partner capacity.” The term “building partner capacity” (BPC) widens the focus of security cooperation as a whole-of-government effort, and makes clear congressional interest in treating security cooperation as a defense institution building endeavor. In response to the law, this book examines and recommends specific …

Modeling Raccoon (Procyon Lotor) Habitat Connectivity To Identify Potential Corridors For Rabies Spread, Timothy P. Algeo, Dennis Slate, Rosemary M. Caron, Todd Atwood, Sergio Recuenco, Mark J. Ducey, Richard B. Chipman, Michael Palace

Health Management & Policy

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Wildlife Services National Rabies Management Program has conducted cooperative oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programs since 1997. Understanding the eco-epidemiology of raccoon (Procyon lotor) variant rabies (raccoon rabies) is critical to successful management. Pine (Pinus spp.)-dominated landscapes generally support low relative raccoon densities that may inhibit rabies spread. However, confounding landscape features, such as wetlands and human development, represent potentially elevated risk corridors for rabies spread, possibly imperiling enhanced rabies surveillance and ORV planning. Raccoon habitat suitability in pine-dominated landscapes in Massachusetts, Florida, and Alabama was modeled …

A Comparative Analysis Of Viral Richness And Viral Sharing In Cave-Roosting Bats, Anna R. Willoughby, Kendra L. Phelps, Kevin J. Olival

KIP Articles

Caves provide critical roosting habitats for bats globally, but are increasingly disturbed or destroyed by human activities such as tourism and extractive industries. In addition to degrading the habitats of cave-roosting bats, such activities often promote contact between humans and bats, which may have potential impacts on human health. Cave-roosting bats are hosts to diverse viruses, some of which emerged in humans with severe consequences (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Marburg virus). Characterizing patterns of viral richness and sharing among bat species are therefore important first steps for understanding bat-virus dynamics and mitigating future bat-human spillover. Here we …

Genetic And Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Ticks From The Sinai Massif, Egypt, And Their Possible Role In The Transmission Of Babesia Behnkei, Mohammed Alsarraf, Ewa J. Mierzejewska, Emma M.E. Mohallal, Jerzy M. Behnke, Anna Bajer

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Following the description of Babesia behnkei in the region of St. Katherine, Sinai, the present study was undertaken to determine the role of local tick species as vectors of piroplasms. First we assessed the local fauna of ticks, especially species occurring on rodents, camels and encountered in the environment, and then we compared genotypes of ticks from isolated wadis. Finally, we assessed the role of local tick species as potential vectors of Babesia spp. During our expedition to the Sinai Massif in a 4-week period in August–September 2012, 393 ticks were collected, including 235 adult questing ticks collected from the …

Oral Ulcers Induced By Cytomegalovirus Infection: Report On Two Cases, Renata Ribas, Antonio Adilson Soares De Lima

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus that can compromise the lungs and the liver and cause infection in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, this virus can cause infectious mononucleosis syndrome, infection in the CNS, and retinitis. Moreover, it has been associated with the development of oral hairy leukoplakia and ulcers. Objective: To report two cases of patients with HIV with oral manifestations associated with CMV infection. Case Report: In the first case, the patient sought medical attention, with complaints of weakness, fever, cough, and weight loss. In the second case, the patient complained of weakness and blurred vision for about …

Oral Health Equals Total Health: A Brief Review, Adrian U. Yap

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute mucocutaneous hypersensitivity reaction characterized by skin eruptions with or without oral or other mucous membrane lesions. The main two variants are erythema minor and erythema major. Oral disease with typical EM lesions has been suggested as a third variant of EM. Known as oral EM, it is reported less and has no target lesions unlike the other two types, in its primary presentation. Objective: To report a manifestation of a rare case of oral EM and discuss various forms of EM including its management. Case report: A 22-year-old male patient reported with a complaint …

The Future Is Coming : Research On Maritime Communication Technology For Realization Of Intelligent Ship And Its Impacts On Future Maritime Management, Jiacheng Ke

Maritime Safety & Environment Management Dissertations (Dalian)

No abstract provided.

Chronic Plasmodium Brasilianum Infections In Wild Peruvian Tamarins, Gideon A. Erkenswick, Mrinalini Watsa, M. Andreína Pacheco, Ananias A. Escalante, Patricia G. Parker

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

There is an increased interest in potential zoonotic malarias. To date, Plasmodium malariae that infects humans remains indistinguishable from P. brasilianum, which is widespread among New World primates. Distributed throughout tropical Central and South America, the Callitrichidae are small arboreal primates in which detection of natural Plasmodium infection has been extremely rare. Most prior screening efforts have been limited to small samples, the use of low-probability detection methods, or both. Rarely have screening efforts implemented a longitudinal sampling design. Through an annual mark-recapture program of two sympatric callitrichids, the emperor (Saguinus imperator) and saddleback (S …

August 26, 2017 (Pages 4973-5132), Pennsylvania Legislative Reference Bureau

Volume 47 (2017)

No abstract provided.

Current Prospects Of Type Ii Interferon Γ Signaling & Autoimmunity, Daniel S. Green, Howard A. Young, Julio C. Valencia

United States Public Health Resources

Interferon γ (IFNγ) is a pleiotropic protein secreted by immune cells. IFNγ signals through the IFNγ receptor, a protein complex that mediates downstream signaling events. Studies into IFNγ signaling have provided insight into the general concepts of receptor signaling, receptor internalization, regulation of distinct signaling pathways, and transcriptional regulation. Although IFNγ is the central mediator of the adaptive immune response to pathogens, it has been shown to be involved in several non-infectious physiological processes. This review will provide an introduction into IFNγ signaling biology and the functional roles of IFNγ in the autoimmune response.

White-Nose Syndrome Fungus, Pseudogymnoascus Destructans, On Bats Captured Emerging From Caves During Winter In The Southeastern United States, Riley F. Bernard, Emma V. Willcox, Katy L. Parise

KIP Articles

Background: Emerging infectious diseases in wildlife are an increasing threat to global biodiversity. White-nose syndrome (WNS) in bats is one of the most recently emerged infectious diseases in North America, causing massive declines in eastern bat populations. In the Northeast, winter behavior of bats during the hibernation period, such as flying during the day or in cold weather, has been attributed to WNS. However, winter emergence of bats in the southeastern United States, where winters are warmer, has received little attention. The goals of this study were to determine if winter emergence results from infection by Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causative …

State Launches Serious Infectious Disease Network, Staff

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Full Circle: A Portraiture Study Of Three Successful Indigenous Educators And Community Leaders Who Experience Personal Renewal In Their Practice Of Cultural Restoration, Kathrin W. Mccarthy

Educational Studies Dissertations

This qualitative inquiry uses the narrative methodology of portraiture to explore how the experiences of three successful Native educators and community leaders can contribute to the adult learning and development literature. In portraiture study the researcher uses diverse methods of gathering data, including interviews, observations of participants, and participant artifacts to co-construct a story of each participant’s life. Participants’ portraits were analyzed using well-established adult learning theories including Erickson’s developmental lifespan concept of generativity, Lave and Wenger’s concept of situated learning and communities of practice; Wlodkowski’s concepts of motivation and culture; Belenky and her colleagues’ conceptions of voice as development; …

Synthesis Of Alpha-Galcer Analogues As Inkt-Cell Agonists And Reactions Of 2-Methyleneoxetanes, Donald Raymond Caldwell

Doctoral Dissertations

Glycolipids, particularly a-galactosylceramides, have gained considerable attention due to their ability to modulate immune responses. The discovery of a synthetic glycolipid antigen, KRN7000, has enhanced our understanding of iNKT cell function. Since KRN7000 stimulates iNKT cells to release both Th1 and Th2 cytokines in relative amounts at which the biological activity of either one is antagonized by the other, tremendous effort has been devoted toward synthesizing analogues of KRN7000 that bias cytokine release, as such targets may offer new approaches to treating viral infections, bacterial infections, cancer, and autoimmune conditions. The first part of this proposal describes the synthesis of …

Results Of A Local Combination Therapy Antibiogram For Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates: Is Double Worth The Trouble?, Matthew Song, Thomas J. Dilworth, Erik Munson, Jim Davis, Ramy Elshaboury

Clinical Lab Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose:

To determine the frequency at which fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides demonstrate in vitro activity against non-urinary, non-skin/skin structure Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates exhibiting decreased susceptibilities to one or more β-lactam agents.

Methods:

β-lactam-non-susceptible P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from blood, bone, lower respiratory tract, pleural fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, or peritoneal fluid cultures between October 2010 and October 2014 were reviewed from four community hospitals within a single health-system. Only the first isolate per patient was included for analysis. The likelihood that each isolate was susceptible to a non-β-lactam antimicrobial was then determined and summarized within a combination antibiogram.

Results:

In total, 179 …

Reframing The Opioid Epidemic As A National Emergency, Lawrence O. Gostin, James G. Hodge, Sarah A. Noe

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

On August 10, 2017 President Trump announced his intention to declare a national emergency following the recommendation of the White House Commission on Combating Drug Addiction and the Opioid Crisis. Opioid abuse is among the most consequential preventable public health threats facing the nation. More than 600,000 deaths have occurred to date, with 180,000 more predicted by 2020. Of the 20.5 million US residents 12 years or older with substance use disorders in 2015, 2 million were addicted to prescription pain relievers. A national emergency declaration authorizes public health powers, mobilizes resources, and facilitates innovative strategies to curb a rapidly …