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Effect Of Puerperal Infections On Early Neonatal Mortality: A Secondary Analysis Of Six Demographic And Health Surveys, Saverio Bellizzi, Quique Bassat, Howard L. Sobel, Mohamed M. Ali, Marleen Temmerman

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background: Around 1.5 million annual neonatal deaths occur in the first week of life, and infections represent one of the major causes in developing countries. Neonatal sepsis is often strictly connected to infection of the maternal genital tract during labour.

Methods: The association between signs suggestive of puerperal infection and early neonatal mortality (life) was performed using Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data of six countries, conducted between 2010 and 2013. The population attributable fraction (PAF) was generated using the estimates on early neonatal mortality of a 1990-2013 systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Results: Signs of …

A Comparison Of The Quality Of Informed Consent For Clinical Trials Of An Experimental Hookworm Vaccine Conducted In Developed And Developing Countries., David J. Diemert, Lucas Lobato, Ashley Styczynski, Maria Zumer, Amanda Soares, Maria Flávia Gazzinelli

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Informed consent is one of the principal ethical requirements of conducting clinical research, regardless of the study setting. Breaches in the quality of the informed consent process are frequently described in reference to clinical trials conducted in developing countries, due to low levels of formal education, a lack of familiarity with biomedical research, and limited access to health services in these countries. However, few studies have directly compared the quality of the informed consent process in developed and developing countries using the same tool and in similar clinical trials. This study was conducted to compare the quality of the informed …

Week Of January 23, 2017, New York Medical College

InTouch

• NYMC Welcomes Lessing's as New Food Service Provider
• Carla Charles is Named Director of Human Subjects Administration
• HSL Hosts NLM Exhibit, Life and Limb: The Toll of the American Civil War
• STAR Alumnus Keeps Up the Good Work

Medicine Meets Wall Street, Caroline Poplin

Emory Business Law Review

Dr. Poplin argues that profit incentives are out of place in a health care industry. One of the problems she points to is the western concept of medicine as care for the sick. Poplin proposes that a better potential approach is a more holistic health promoting system that attempts to keep people healthy before they get sick in the first place. She also argues that the health insurance market has inherently changed and that any future approaches will need to consider changes such as increase early screening and increased life expectancy with chronic illness.

Development Of Immuno- Nanoparticles For Targeting Schistosoma Parasites, Eman Rabie Abdul-Ghany

Theses and Dissertations

Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice for treatment of schistosomiasis since its discovery in 1972. According to World Health Organization (WHO), schistosomiasis is the second most prevalent parasitic disease worldwide that has no effective vaccine yet. Schistosoma parasites infect more than 200 million people in about 76 countries and about 700 million people are at risk.PZQ is not only used for treatment of schistosomiasis, but it is also used for control of other parasitic diseases and it is included on the Model List of Essential Medicines of WHO. Parasitic diseases, despite their significant global burden, have been rather under …

Impact Of Tigecycline Versus Other Antibiotics On The Fecal Metabolome And On Colonization Resistance To Clostridium Difficile In Mice, Robin L.P. Jump, David Kraft, Kelly Hurless, Alex Polinkovsky, Curtis J. Donskey

Faculty Scholarship

Background: The glycylcycline antibiotic tigecycline may have a relatively low propensity to promote Clostridium difficile infection in part because it causes less disruption of the indigenous intestinal microbiota than other broad-spectrum antibiotics. We used a mouse model to compare the effects of tigecycline versus other commonly used antibiotics on colonization resistance to C. difficile and on the metabolic functions of the intestinal microbiota. Methods: To assess in vivo colonization resistance to C. difficile, mice were challenged with oral C. difficile spores 1, 7, or 12 days after completion of 3 days of treatment with subcutaneous saline, tigecycline, ceftriaxone, piperacillin-tazobactam, or …

World-Renowned Immunologist To Speak At 2017 Bertram M. Marx Lecture, Uab Heersink School Of Medicine News

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Art In Hiv Infected Population On Body Habitus Change: A Multilevel Meta-Analysis, Nusrat Nuireen Habib

Master's Theses

Importance: Different ART treatments to HIV patients has been shown to be effective in improving a variety of disease outcomes, including CD-4 cell count improvements and viral suppressions. In addition to these improvements, investigators are also interested to evaluate the association between ART treatments and the body habitus changes of the HIV patients. It is unclear that which body habitus change outcomes are more greatly associated with what type of ART treatments and how those effects could vary depending on context and sample characteristics.

Objective: To obtain overall effect sizes for the body habitus change outcome variables (weight, body mass …

Repurposing Approach Identifies Auranofin With Broad Spectrum Antifungal Activity That Targets Mia40-Erv1 Pathway, Shankar Thangamani, Matthew Maland, Haroon Mohammad, Pete E. Pascuzzi, Larisa Avramova, Carla E. Koehler, Tony R. Hazbun, Mohamed N. Seleem

Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Faculty Publications

Current antifungal therapies have limited effectiveness in treating invasive fungal infections. Furthermore, the development of new antifungal is currently unable to keep pace with the urgent demand for safe and effective new drugs. Auranofin, an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, inhibits growth of a diverse array of clinical isolates of fungi and represents a new antifungal agent with a previously unexploited mechanism of action. In addition to auranofin's potent antifungal activity against planktonic fungi, this drug significantly reduces the metabolic activity of Candida cells encased in a biofilm. Unbiased chemogenomic profiling, using heterozygous S. cerevisiae deletion strains, …

Can Clinical Staging Of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis Be Of Any Therapeutic Benefit, Abdul Mannan Baig Dr., Armaghan-E-Rehman Mansoor

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Naegleria fowleri, is a free-living amoeba (FLA) known to infect humans and cause a fatal disease called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). All of the patients are commonly admitted to the emergency room (ER). Often, treatment in the ER is delayed due to the rarity of disease leading to a delay in the diagnosis and late arrival of patients to the ER. The attempts to reduce raised intracranial pressure and subsequent herniation of the brain stem are challenging and become the cause of death in the affected patients during their stay in ER. Use of drugs like mannitol to reduce raised …

Tears In Heaven: Religiously And Culturally Sensitive Laws For Preventing The Next Pandemic, Eloisa C. Rodriguez-Dod, Aileen Maria Marty, Elena Maria Marty-Nelson

Catholic University Law Review

This Article argues that laws created to curtail the spread of deadly contagious diseases need to be drafted and implemented in ways that maximize acceptance of an affected communities’ cultural and religious beliefs. When laws are put in place that are inconsistent with community mores, the overall goal of stopping an epidemic is threatened. Communities often distrust government and other relief organizations who mandate rules and regulations that impinge their religious and cultural beliefs; thus, these regulations geared at helping communities can paradoxically undermine the goal of preventing the spread of infectious disease.

This Article focuses on the need for …

Hair Measurements Of Cortisol, Dhea, And Dhea To Cortisol Ratio As Biomarkers Of Chronic Stress Among People Living With Hiv In China: Known-Group Validation, Shan Qiao Ph.D., Xiaoming Li, Samuele Zilioli, Zheng Chen, Huihua Deng, Juxian Pan, Weigui Guo

Faculty Publications

Background

Existing literature suggests that endocrine measures, including the steroid hormones of cortisol and Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), as well as the DHEA to cortisol ratio in the human hair can be used as promising biomarkers of chronic stress among humans. However, data are limited regarding the validity of these measures as biomarkers of chronic stress among people living with HIV (PLWH), whose endocrine system or hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis may be affected by HIV infection and/or antiretroviral therapy (ART) medications.

Method

Using hair sample data and self-reported survey from 60 PLWH in China, we examined the validity of three endocrine …

The Effects Of Poor Maternal Nutrition On The Growth, Development, And Metabolism Of Offspring, Sambhu Muraleedharan Pillai

Doctoral Dissertations

Poor maternal nutrition during gestation can lead to intrauterine growth restriction resulting negative impacts on the growth development and metabolism of the offspring. Specifically, poor maternal nutrition during gestation will lead to a reduction in muscle and bone content, increase adiposity and alter organ development in offspring. Although studies have elucidated the impacts of poor maternal nutrition on multiple tissues at different time points in the life of offspring, the potential mechanisms behind these alterations need to be studied in detail. We hypothesized that maternal under- and over-nutrition during gestation in sheep will 1) alter the development of muscle, bone, …

Early Die Out Events In Sir Epidemic Models, Jonathan Ballone

Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal

We are interested in the behavior of an SIR epidemic model with respect to low-probability events. Specifically, we want to identify the probability of the early die out of a disease. Ordinary differential equations are commonly used to model SIR systems. However, this approach fails to describe the spontaneous die out event. We develop a Markov SIR model from which the probability of early die out can be captured. Additional simulations reveal that this model agrees closely with the ODE solutions when these low-probability events are ignored.

Optimizing The Allocation Of Vaccines In The Presence Of Multiple Strains Of The Influenza Virus, Ana Eveler, Tayler Grahel, Abby Kenyon, Jessica Richardson

Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal

During the annual flu season, multiple strains of the influenza virus are often present within a population. It is a significant challenge for health care administrators to determine the most effective allocation of multiple different vaccines to combat the various strains when protecting the public. We employ a mathematical model, a system of differential equations, to find a strategy for vaccinating a population to minimize the number of infected individuals. We consider various strengths of transmission of the disease, availability of vaccine doses, vaccination rates, and other model parameters. This research may lead to more effective health care policies for …

Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial To Assess The Safety And Effectiveness Of A Novel Dual-Action Oral Topical Formulation Against Upper Respiratory Infections, Pranab K. Mukherjee, Frank Esper, Ken Buchheit, Karen Arters, Ina Adkins, Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, Robert A. Salata

Faculty Scholarship

BACKGROUND: Current prevention options for upper respiratory infections (URIs) are not optimal. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ARMS-Iâ„¢ (currently marketed as Halo™) in the prevention of URIs. METHODS: ARMS-I is patented novel formulation for the prevention and treatment of influenza, comprising a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent (cetylpyridinium chloride, CPC) and components (glycerin and xanthan gum) that form a barrier on the host mucosa, thus preventing viral contact and invasion. Healthy adults (18—45 years of age) were randomized into ARMS-I or placebo group (50 subjects each). The drug was sprayed intra-orally …

Hyperbolic Metamaterials-Based Plasmonic Biosensor For Fluid Biopsy With Single Molecule Sensitivity, Kandammathe Valiyaveedu Sreekanth, Mohamed Elkabbash, Yunus Alapan, Efe Ilker Ilker, Michael Hinczewski, Umut A. Gurkan, Giuseppe Strangi

Faculty Scholarship

Plasmonic sensors are one of the most powerful optical biosensors, which can be used for the detection of small numbers of molecules at ultra-low concentrations. However, the detection of dilute analytes of low molecular weight (Da) is still a challenging task using currently available plasmonic biosensors. Here, we demonstrate the detection of both lower and heavier molecular weight biomolecules close to single molecule level using a novel plasmonic biosensor platform based on hyperbolic metamaterials. We show experimentally the extraordinary spectral and angular sensitivities of the biosensor platform, from visible to near infrared (NIR) wavelengths, by exciting the bulk plasmon polaritons …

In Silico Cd4+, Cd8+ T-Cell And B-Cell Immunity Associated Immunogenic Epitope Prediction And Hla Distribution Analysis Of Zika Virus, Essam Mohammed Janahi, Anupam Dhasmana, Vandana Srivastava, Aditya Narayan Sarangi, Sana Raza, Jamal M. Arif, Madan Lal Brahma Bhatt, Mohtashim Lohani, Mohammaed Y. Areeshi, Anand Murari Saxena, Shafiul Haque

School of Medicine Publications

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus distributed all over Africa, South America and Asia. The infection with the virus may cause acute febrile sickness that clinically resembles dengue fever, yet there is no vaccine, no satisfactory treatment, and no means of evaluating the risk of the disease or prognosis in the infected people. In the present study, the efficacy of the host's immune response in reducing the risk of infectious diseases was taken into account to carry out immuno-informatics driven epitope screening strategy of vaccine candidates against ZIKV. In this study, HLA distribution analysis was done to ensure the …

Characteristics Of Hiv-Infected Children At Enrollment Into Care And At Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation In Central Africa, Adebola Adedimeji, Andrew Edmonds, Donald Hoover, Qiuhu Shi, Jean D'Amour Sinayobye, Martin Nduwinmana, Patricia Lelo, Denis Nash, Kathryn Anastos, Marcel Yotebieng

Publications and Research

Background Despite the World Health Organization (WHO) regularly updating guidelines to recommend earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children, timely enrollment into care and initiation of ART in sub-Saharan Africa in children lags behind that of adults. The impact of implementing increasingly less restrictive ART guidelines on ART initiation in Central Africa has not been described.

Materials and Methods Data are from the Central Africa International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) pediatric cohort of 3,426 children (0±15 years) entering HIV care at 15 sites in Burundi, DRC, and Rwanda. Measures include CD4 count, WHO clinical stage, age, and …

The Truth About Vaccines: They Are Safe, And They Save Lives, Tyler Greer

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Radiation Induced Apoptosis Of Murine Bone Marrow Cells Is Independent Of Early Growth Response 1 (Egr1), Karine Z. Oben, Beth W. Gachuki, Sara S. Alhakeem, Mary Kathryn Mckenna, Ying Liang, Daret K. St. Clair, Vivek M. Rangnekar, Subbarao Bondada

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

An understanding of how each individual 5q chromosome critical deleted region (CDR) gene contributes to malignant transformation would foster the development of much needed targeted therapies for the treatment of therapy related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs). Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1) is a key transcriptional regulator of myeloid differentiation located within the 5q chromosome CDR that has been shown to regulate HSC (hematopoietic stem cell) quiescence as well as the master regulator of apoptosis—p53. Since resistance to apoptosis is a hallmark of malignant transformation, we investigated the role of EGR1 in apoptosis of bone marrow cells; a cell population from which …

Detection Of Strongylus Vulgaris In Equine Faecal Samples By Real-Time Pcr And Larval Culture – Method Comparison And Occurrence Assessment, A. Kaspar, K. Pfister, Martin K. Nielsen, C. Silaghi, H. Fink, M. C. Scheuerle

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Background: Strongylus vulgaris has become a rare parasite in Germany during the past 50 years due to the practice of frequent prophylactic anthelmintic therapy. To date, the emerging development of resistance in Cyathostominae and Parascaris spp. to numerous equine anthelmintics has changed deworming management and the frequency of anthelmintic usage. In this regard, reliable detection of parasitic infections, especially of the highly pathogenic S. vulgaris is essential. In the current study, two diagnostic methods for the detection of infections with S. vulgaris were compared and information on the occurrence of this parasite in German horses was gained. For this purpose, …

Recurrent Pneumonia Among Japanese Adults: Disease Burden And Risk Factors, Tomoko Ishifuji, Eiichiro Sando, Norihiro Kaneko, Motoi Suzuki, Paul E. Kilgore, Koya Ariyoshi, Konosuke Morimoto, Naoto Hosokawa, Makito Yaegashi, Masahiro Aoshima, Adult Pneumonia Study Group - Japan (Apsg-J)

Department of Pharmacy Practice

Background: In Japan and other societies with rapidly aging populations, recurrent pneumonia (RP) is a major clinical problem yet only limited information exists regarding the burden of this disease.

Methods: A prospective study of adult pneumonia was conducted to investigate the incidence of RP and potential risk factors. From February 1, 2012 to January 31, 2013, patients aged ≥ 15 years who were diagnosed with pneumonia were prospectively enrolled in a representative community hospital located in central Japan. Patients were followed for one-year to evaluate the recurrence of pneumonia and characteristics associated with RP. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed …

Vaccine Coverage And Adherence To Epi Schedules In Eight Resource Poor Settings In The Mal-Ed Cohort Study, Christel Hoest, Jessica C. Seidman, Gwenyth Lee, James A. Platts-Mills, Syed Asad Ali, Maribel Paredes Olortegui, Pascal Bessong, Ram Chandyo, Sudhir Babji, Venkata Raghava Mohan

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Launched in 1974, the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is estimated to prevent two-three million deaths annually from polio, diphtheria, tuberculosis, pertussis, measles, and tetanus. Additional lives could be saved through better understanding what influences adherence to the EPI schedule in specific settings.
Methods: The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) study followed cohorts in eight sites in South Asia, Africa, and South America and monitored vaccine receipt over the first two years of life for the children enrolled in the study. Vaccination histories were obtained …

Genome Analysis Of Clostridium Difficile Pcr Ribotype 014 Lineage In Australian Pigs And Humans Reveals A Diverse Genetic Repertoire And Signatures Of Long-Range Interspecies Transmission, Daniel R. Knight, Michael M. Squire, Deirdre A. Collins, Thomas V. Riley

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype (RT) 014 is well-established in both human and porcine populations in Australia, raising the possibility that C. difficile infection (CDI) may have a zoonotic or foodborne etiology. Here, whole genome sequencing and high-resolution core genome phylogenetics were performed on a contemporaneous collection of 40 Australian RT014 isolates of human and porcine origin. Phylogenies based on MLST (7 loci, STs 2, 13, and 49) and core orthologous genes (1260 loci) showed clustering of human and porcine strains indicative of very recent shared ancestry. Core genome single nucleotide variant (SNV) analysis found 42 % of human strains showed …

Chimborazo, Pellagra, And Hoodoo Doctors: Health In The Antebellum And Early Modern South, Philip C. Kolin

The Southern Quarterly

editor's introduction to volume 53, numbers 3/4 (Spring/Summer 2016)

The Implementation Of A School Based Asthma And Allergy Program In A Rural School District, Florence Viveen Dood

DNP and Student Works

Asthma and allergies are the chief cause of chronic disease among children. The ability to properly manage asthma and allergies in the school setting requires a high level of coordination between the school district, the family, and the healthcare provider. Due to budget cuts, administrative issues, and legislation, schools often have reduced capability to employ school nurses. Consequently, students with health concerns are often managed by unlicensed assistive personnel who have minimal training. In response to this identified gap in care, the School Based Asthma and Allergy Program was developed. The first aim of the program was to train unlicensed …

Evaluation Of Shared Medical Appointments For Opioid Relapse Prevention In Patients Receiving Medication-Assisted Treatment In A Rural Health Clinic, Ashley M. Koch

Dissertations

The United States is facing an opioid epidemic. Access to medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is recognized as one crucial strategy in decreasing opioid abuse rates and improving population health through mitigation of infectious disease and overdose deaths. However, it has been reported that individuals suffering from opioid-use disorders have limited access to MAT. A synthesis of evidence supported project implementation of shared medical appointments (SMAs) for opioid relapse prevention as a means to support implementation of MAT, increase patient access to treatment, and promote social support in opioid abuse recovery. Accordingly, this project aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate a SMA …

Bjc Today

BJC Today

No abstract provided.

Week Of January 9, 2017, New York Medical College

InTouch

• New Directors Named to the Center for Long-Term Care