Digital Commons Network^™

The Effect Of Carbon Monoxide Pretreatment Exposure Time On The Colour Stability And Quality Attributes Of Vacuum Packaged Beef Steaks, Lauren Anne Van Rooyen, Paul Allen, Sarah Crawley, David I. O'Connor

Articles

The effect of 5% CO pretreatments prior to vacuum packaging of beef striploin steaks (Longissimus thoracis et lumborum, LTL) on quality attributes, primarily colour stability was investigated. The aim was to determine the optimum pretreatment that would induce the desirable red colour, while allowing discoloration to occur by the end of a 28-day display period (2°C), so as to not mask spoilage. A range of pretreatment exposure times (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 15 and 24h) were applied to steaks using a gas mixture of 5% CO, 60% CO2 and 35% N2. The 5h CO pretreatment exposure time achieved the …

The Application Of Carbon Monoxide In Meat Packaging Needs To Be Re-Evaluated Within The Eu: An Overview, Lauren Anne Van Rooyen, Paul Allen, David I. O'Connor

Articles

Carbon monoxide (CO) has many value-added benefits in meat packaging due to its colour stabilising effects and enhancement of meat quality attributes. The regulation of CO within meat packaging varies worldwide and remains a topical and controversial issue. CO is prohibited in the EU for use in meat packaging mainly due to fears it may mask spoilage therefore misleading consumers. The issue of consumer acceptance of CO was not considered. This article reviews the most pertinent literature to assess if the problems associated with the prohibition have been addressed. Applying CO pretreatments prior to vacuum packaging enhances colour while allowing …

An Insulating Constriction Dielectrophoresis Based Microfluidic Device For Protein Biomolecules Concentration, Peng Zhang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Sample enrichment or molecules concentration has been considered as an essential step for sample processing and biomarker detection recently in many applications involving miniaturized devices aiming at biosensing and bioanalysis, including the development of specialized tests for the detection of specific proteins and antibodies in human blood with the help of microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices. Among all the means involved to achieve this aim, dielectrophoresis (DEP) is increasingly employed in molecule manipulation and concentration because it is non-destructive and ensures high efficiency. However, there are still constraints on implementing the required functions using the dielectrophoresis technique in the devised micro-scale …

Characterizing The Mechanisms Of Insulin Resistance In Dairy Cattle, Amanda Nicole Davis

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Dairy cows transitioning from gestation to lactation experience insulin resistance as maternal adaptation to partition nutrients toward the mammary gland to support milk production. Insulin resistance causes increased lipolysis and free fatty acid (FFA) release into circulation. Unfortunately, this metabolic adaptation occurs during a time when energy demands are heightened and cows are already experiencing negative energy balance. As a result, accelerated hepatic FFA influx promotes hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation and ketogenesis, which can cause postpartum metabolic disease. In diabetic monogastrics, mechanisms that mediate insulin resistance involve the sphingolipid ceramide. The role of ceramide in insulin signaling in dairy cows …

Enhanced Damages For Patent Infringement: A Normative Approach, Keith N. Hylton

Faculty Scholarship

This paper takes a normative approach to patent infringement damages. Its underlying premise is that the goal of a damages regime should be to maximize society's welfare. Patent damages should therefore balance society's interest in encouraging innovation against the need to regulate infringement incentives. This balancing approach generates an optimal standard for awarding enhanced damages and guidelines for determining the size of the damages multiplier. On the legal standard, the approach developed here illuminates the factors that should be taken into consideration in the enhancement analysis, and, more importantly, the reasons those factors should be considered. On the precise size …

Teaching The Law Of American Health Care, Elizabeth Weeks, Nicole Huberfeld, Kevin Outterson

Faculty Scholarship

In writing our casebook, The Law of American Health Care, we started from scratch, rethinking the topics to include and themes around which to organize them. Like many health law professors, we were schooled in and continued to propound the traditional themes of cost, quality, access, and choice. While those concerns certainly pervade many areas of health care law, our casebook's overarching themes emphasize different issues, namely: federalism, individual rights, fiduciary relationships, the modem administrative state, and market regulation. These new themes, we believe, better capture the range of issues and topics essential forthe new generation of health lawyers. When …

Using Telephone Education To Decrease Fasting Blood Glucose Prior To Surgery, Christine Mott

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background: Uncontrolled diabetes during the perioperative period can result in increased postoperative infections, increased length of stay, increased ICU admissions, increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and mortality. In addition, mortality rates of patients with diabetes are likely to be up to five times higher than patients without diabetes. Postoperative infections account for 66% of complications and one quarter of perioperative deaths. As a result of these findings, it is imperative that patients with diabetes maintain glycemic control in order to minimize infection, postoperative complications, and improve surgical outcomes.;Objective: The objective of the pilot project was to determine if an …

The Investigation Of Motor Primitives During Human Reaching Movements And The Quantification Of Post-Stroke Motor Impairment, Erienne Virginia Olesh

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Movement is a complex task, requiring precise and coordinated muscle contractions. The forces and torques produced during multi-segmental movement of the upper limbs in humans, must be controlled, in order for movement to be achieved successfully. Although a critical aspect of everyday life, there remain questions regarding the specific controller used by the central nervous system to govern movement. Furthermore, how this system is affected by neurological injuries such as stroke also remains in question. It was the goal of this thesis to examine the neurological control of movement in healthy individuals and apply these findings to the further investigation …

Effects Of Boundary Parameters On The Work-Based Window (Wbw) And Not-To-Exceed (Nte) In-Use Emissions Quantification Methods, Rasik Pondicherry

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Heavy-duty diesel engines are subjected to in-use emissions testing using portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) to demonstrate compliance with U.S. EPA emissions standards while the vehicle is performing its regular on-road duty-cycle. The current methodology used for analyzing in-use emissions in the United States is the Not-To-Exceed (NTE) method and in Europe the Work-Based-Window (WBW) method. The primary objective of this study is to identify the sensitivity of the control factors governing both in-use emissions quantification methods, and range of optimum boundary parameter settings to maximize the amount of data available for evaluation while reporting representative NOx emissions. A total …

Fear Of Pain And Dental Care-Related Fear: Associations With The Mc1r Gene, Cameron L. Randall

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Fear of pain is experienced in acute and chronic pain populations, as well as generally, and impacts numerous aspects of the pain experience, including pain intensity, pain-related disability, and pain behavior (e.g., avoidance). A related but separate construct, dental care-related fear, also is experienced in the general population, and impacts dental treatment-seeking behavior and oral and systemic health. Very minimal work has addressed the role of genetics in the etiologies of fear of pain and dental care-related fear. Limited available data suggest that variants of the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene may predict greater levels of dental care-related fear. The MC1R …

Comparison Of In-Use Emissions Measurement Using Pems, Ftir And Full-Scale Dilution Method, Satya Ravi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

With an increasing focus on implementing low emission heavy duty (HD) vehicles in the booming freight transportation sector, engine manufacturers have started prompting studies on addressing the technical challenges of measuring these virtually near zero levels of gaseous and particulate emissions. Moreover, from a regulatory perspective, beginning 2005, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated the in-use testing program for HD diesel engines in addition to the regular compliance testing protocol. The rule mandates the engine manufacturers to measure gaseous and particulate matter emissions using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) during real-world driving conditions, and verify that they …

Three Essays On The Economic Impacts Of Immigration, Juan T. Sayago-Gomez

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The movement of population is a part of the adjustment process in economics and society to changes in conditions and the environment. However migration can affect the host country and have negative consequences, such as poverty, crime, and overcrowding the social systems that provide access to health care and public goods. This dissertation addresses some cases of what are the consequences of migration: First it considers the opening of the European Union to new countries in 2004 and 2007 insignificant effects from the increase of all immigrants, African immigrants, and Latin American immigrants on crime rates of the regions, but …

Relationship Between Diet Quality And Cardiovascular Risk Among Middle-Aged West Virginians, Paige Starrett

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background: Cardiovascular disease is prevalent in the United States and West Virginians have the highest rates of many CVD risk factors; however, limited research on the relationship between diet quality and risk factors exists in this high risk middle-aged (45-64 years old) population.;Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the diet quality of middle-aged West Virginians and to determine the associations between diet quality, body mass index, lifestyle factors, health-related quality of life and cardiovascular risk.;Design; Cross sectional study, convenience sample.;Participants/Setting: Data were collected from 96 participants aged 45-64 years old residing in North Central West Virginia. Data …

Implications Of Primary Cilia And Associated Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling In Glioblastoma Biology And Therapy, Yuriy V. Loskutov

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The primary cilium is a ubiquitous organelle presented on most human cells. It serves as a crucial signaling hub for multiple pathways including growth factor and G-protein coupled receptors. Loss of primary cilia was observed in various cancers, however, the implications of this event are unclear. Several studies show that loss of cilia promotes cell proliferation, suggesting that alteration of ciliary-dependent signaling can drive the hyperproliferative phenotype of cancer cells, therefore re-establishing primary cilia or targeting altered signaling pathways could be a beneficial strategy as an anti-cancer therapy.;Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the deadliest cancers with a median survival of …

Grower Attitudes Towards Water Management Strategies While Mitigating Seawater Intrusion: A Case Study Of The Castroville Seawater Intrusion Project, Jason Ray Reed

Master's Theses

The Salinas River Valley Watershed has endured the effects of seawater intrusion for decades caused by overpumping groundwater from the Salinas River Groundwater Basin. The Castroville Seawater Intrusion Project began delivering recycled water in 1998 with other water sources due to wells becoming too saline. One-on-one, in-person interviews with eighteen growers, who own or lease farmland within the Project’s service area, were conducted during a severe, statewide drought. Interview questions explored grower attitudes and concerns regarding their water supply, and the impact of management strategies on the mitigation of seawater intrusion. Two research questions were posed, exploring factors that influence …

Green Vs. White: An Examination Of Of Media Portrayals Of Radical Environmentalists And White Supremacists, Laurence Pedroni

Master's Theses

The rise of the Trump presidency has highlighted not only the white supremacist history of the U.S., but also reflects danger to the survival of the species in the form of wholesale climate change denial. These ideologies are not unique to Trump or his cabinet, instead reflecting long standing U.S. policy. This research seeks to examine how the U.S. media supports and propagates propaganda to support these hegemonic goals. Relevant literature and research seem to suggest that because radical environmental movements often challenge the hegemony of capital accumulation, they might be portrayed as more violent and a greater terrorist threat …

Evaluation Of Oyster Shell Enhancement On Western Snowy Plover Breeding Success, Karine Tokatlian

Master's Theses

The Pacific Coast population of the western snowy plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus; plover) is listed as a federally threatened species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act due to poor reproductive success from anthropogenic habitat loss, and high predation pressure. Plovers in the South San Francisco Bay use dry salt evaporation ponds, and wildlife-managed ponds, to breed and winter. However, the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project aims to restore up to 6,110 hectares of this habitat back to native tidal marsh, which will force plovers to breed in smaller areas and in higher densities. In order to recover plovers in …

Quantifying The Functional Consequences Of Spanish [S] Lenition: Plural Marking And Derived Homophony In Western Andalusian And Castilian, Mary Catherine Moran Ryan

Master's Theses

In this thesis, a new methodology is proposed for investigating Spanish [s] lenition (sound weakening or loss) via morphological analysis instead of phonetics. Word-final [s] is a morphological plural marker in Castilian Spanish, but is rarely produced in Western Andalusian Spanish (WAS). It is often asserted in the literature that the loss of [s] in WAS requires plurality to be expressed via alternative means. The results of this study rule out lexical and morpho-syntactic compensation for [s] lenition in WAS in several previously untested domains, and imply that there is no functional motivation in Modern Spanish driving a need for …

Construction Of Bacterial Strains Containing A Plasmid Producing An Opossum-Based Anti-Venom Peptide For Low Cost Production Of The Peptide, Angela Cifelli

Master's Theses

A cost-effective therapy for snake bites and other biological toxins could save thousands of lives each year. A low-cost therapy can be achieved using a bacterial host that expresses a peptide that prevents death when administered after exposure to these toxins. A protein expressed in opossums, lethal toxin neutralizing factor (LTNF), provides the animal’s resistance to venom and a variety of other toxins. A small peptide fragment of this protein provides the same lifesaving properties as the full protein sequence. A synthetic copy of this peptide was tested in mice exposed to rattlesnake venom and showed lifesaving potential. The peptide …

The Impact Of A Changing Climate On The Frequency Of Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events, Ashley Fortin

Master's Theses

A sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event is a rapid breakdown of the polar vortex during the winter months. Driven primarily by anomalous planetary-scale Rossby waves propagating upward from the troposphere, SSW events are able to influence tropospheric weather through stratospheric-tropospheric coupling. As a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions, temperatures are changing across the troposphere and may influence how the stratosphere and troposphere interact. It is unclear how the stratospheric circulation will respond to these changes and how the frequency of SSW events may be affected. This study uses National Center for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research …

Using Recycled Water For Potable Reuse In Santa Clara County, Ca: High School Students' Knowledge And Acceptance, Nicholas Ronald Ajluni

Master's Theses

The drought-prone State of California has an ever increasing demand for water. Potable reuse provides a viable alternative water supply, but public attitudes, knowledge, and acceptance have limited implementation. This study investigated the knowledge and acceptance that high school students have towards potable reuse. Previous research has identified four critical factors that influence acceptance of potable reuse: 1) knowledge of the wastewater treatment process, 2) knowledge of local water supplies, 3) trust in local water resource managers, and 4) belief in the need for a new water supply. This study uses both quantitative and qualitative methods through a Likert-style survey …

The Perception Of Trust Between Athletic Trainers And Musical Performing Artists, Jenna Lea Chinburg

Master's Theses

Trust is a crucial element for a successful patient-clinician relationship. Athletic

trainers may care for musical performing artists who demonstrate unique needs compared

to traditional patients. In order to provide the best care, athletic trainers must establish a

basis of patient-centered care and build solid professional relationships with performers.

By improving overall patient-clinician relationship factors with respect to this population,

trust may be implemented and sustained. The purpose of the study was to determine

factors that established or diminished trust between drum corps members and their

athletic trainers. The study included 12 semi-structured interviews in which Drum Corps

International (DCI) …

A Qualitative Analysis Of A Team's Experience Of Coping With Bereavement After The Death Of A Head Coach, Matthew Paul Gonzalez

Master's Theses

The consequences of coping with death as an athlete have been documented in the literature by a variety of studies. However, these studies have remained largely focused on coping with the death of a teammate. This study examined the inter- and intrapersonal impact of experiencing the death of a head coach. Experiencing the death of a head coach during the season may have profound and varied psychosocial consequences for all members of a team. A collegiate team was identified as having experienced the death of its head coach during his tenure and from that team five participants (four players and …

Illegal Dumping As An Indicator For Community Social Disorganization And Crime, Amory Anne Brandt

Master's Theses

Illegal dumping of household waste in and around city streets results in many negative health, economic, and environmental effects. This goal of this study was to understand the systemic causes of illegal dumping within San José, California. Illegal dump sites were identified, quantified, characterized, and mapped within urban census block groups at a range of median family income levels. Results showed that commonly dumped debris types were furniture, and garbage. The most illegal dumping occurred within census block groups with low median family incomes, high percentages of non-English speaking individuals, and high percentages of renters. Factors such as social disorganization, …

Imagining Equity And Inclusion: South Africa's International Economic Politics And Reflections On The Writings Of Justice Dikgang Moseneke, Erika George

Faculty Scholarship

In honour of Justice Dikgang Moseneke, this essay takes up his invitation to imagine an ethos consistent with South African Constitutionalism, one which could promote economic justice. This essay explores how the tools of international economic law as utilised by South Africa could serve as a means of transformation to advance the end of a more inclusive economic globalisation. South Africa's trade policies and participation in international business and human rights policy initiatives are offered as illustrations of a shift towards asserting interests aligned with the country's constitutional economic justice commitments. First, emphasising Justice Moseneke's writings outside of his rulings …

Towards Patent Standardization, Janet Freilich, Jay P. Kesan

Faculty Scholarship

Among the most important purposes of patents are to provide clear notice to third parties of the patent's boundaries and to disclose helpful information to researchers seeking to replicate or further develop the patented invention. Unfortunately, patents often fail at both of these tasks, in part because of lack of uniformity of language and format.' Use of idiosyncratic language in patent claims renders it difficult to find relevant patents and, once a patent is found, to interpret its claims. As there is no customary set of information that must always be included in a patent, researchers often find reading a …

Trusting Big Data Research, Neil M. Richards, Woodrow Hartzog

Faculty Scholarship

Although it might puzzle or even infuriate data scientists, suspicion about big data is understandable. The concept doesn’t seem promising to most people. It seems scary. This is partly because big data research is shrouded in mystery. People are unsure about organizations’ motives and methods. What do companies think they know about us? Are they keeping their insights safe from hackers? Are they selling their insights to unscrupulous parties? Most importantly, do organizations use our personal information against us? Big data research will only overcome its suspicious reputation when people can trust it.

Some scholars and commentators have proposed review …

Patenting Frankenstein's Monster: Exploring The Patentability Of Artificial Organ Systems And Methodologies, Jordana Goodman

Faculty Scholarship

The conception of Frankenstein’s monster bridges the ever-narrowing divide between man and machine. Long before Congress codified Section 33(a) of the America Invents Act (“AIA”), Mary Shelley’s vague description of the monster’s creation has left people wondering: what defines a human organism? Through an analysis of patent law and scientific progress in the development of artificial organ systems, this paper explores the boundaries of patentable subject matter in the United States and attempts to clarify Congress’s determination that “no patent may issue on a claim directed to or encompassing a human organism.” Though patent law should incentivize development of artificial …

The Inadequate, Invaluable Fair Information Practices, Woodrow Hartzog

Faculty Scholarship

For the past thirty years, the general advice for those seeking to collect, use, and share people’s personal data in a responsible way was relatively straightforward: follow the fair information practices, often called the “FIPs.” These general guidelines were designed to ensure that data processors are accountable for their actions and that data subjects are safe, secure, and endowed with control over their personal information. The FIPs have proven remarkably sturdy against the backdrop of near-constant technological change. Yet in the age of social media, big data, and artificial intelligence, the FIPs have been pushed to their breaking point. We …

How Much Has The Supreme Court Changed Patent Law?, Paul Gugliuzza

Faculty Scholarship

The U.S. Supreme Court has decided a remarkable number of patent cases in the past decade, particularly as compared to the first twenty years of the Federal Circuit’s existence. No longer is the Federal Circuit “the de facto Supreme Court of patents,” as Mark Janis wrote in 2001. Rather, it seems the Supreme Court is the Supreme Court of patents. In the article at the center of this symposium, Judge Timothy Dyk of the Federal Circuit writes that the Supreme Court’s decisions “have had a major impact on patent law,” citing, among other evidence, the Court’s seventy percent reversal rate …