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2017

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Isolation And Identification Of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (Ibdv) From Internal Organs Of Vaccinated Chickens In Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, A El-Kenawy, A Amin, M El-Tholoth Dec 2017

Isolation And Identification Of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (Ibdv) From Internal Organs Of Vaccinated Chickens In Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, A El-Kenawy, A Amin, M El-Tholoth

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

In the present study, a total of 35 samples including bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen,kidney and liver (7samples for each organ) were collected from vaccinated chickens flocks at Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during the period from March 2015 to May 2015. Each sample was pooled randomly from three to five birds (25 to 44 days old). Trials for isolation of the suspected virus from the collected samples were carried out via chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) of 9 days embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs), collected from hens free from infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Three egg passages were carried out for each sample. Hyperimmune …

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Molecular Diagnosis Of Caseous Lymphadenitis In Sheep At Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, A Selim, S Atwa, A El-Gedawy, A Younis Dec 2017

Molecular Diagnosis Of Caseous Lymphadenitis In Sheep At Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, A Selim, S Atwa, A El-Gedawy, A Younis

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

The aim of the present study was to diagnose caseous lymphadenitis in sheep by PCR assay . A total of 1257 sheep from different flocks in Dakahlia governorate were clinically examined during the period of January 2014 to February 2015. sheep were classified according to the status of infection in the flocks to infected , incontact and free ones. 37 needle biopsy samples were randomly collected from 26 diseased, 7 incontact and 4 free examined sheep for PCR assay. rpoB gene was detected in 37 samples (100%) while PLD gene was in 18 samples (48.64%), from which 16 from diseased …

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The Effect Of Liveria® On Some Hematological And Biochemical Parameters Of Treated Buffalo Calves, Mohamed El-Sayed, M El-Diasty, Reham El- Shafei, Marwa Barakat Dec 2017

The Effect Of Liveria® On Some Hematological And Biochemical Parameters Of Treated Buffalo Calves, Mohamed El-Sayed, M El-Diasty, Reham El- Shafei, Marwa Barakat

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

The effect of intramuscular injection of Liveria® at a dose of 1ml/20kg body weight on hematological and biochemical parameters was investigated in fifteen apparently healthy buffalo calves of our local breed, 2-3 months age old, with average body weight 53-72 Kg in especial farm at Dakahlia Governorate. Buffalo were divided into three groups, each group five animals. The first group was injected with saline I/M (1ml/20kg) and lefted without any drug (the controlled animals). The second group was injected intramuscular by Liveria® (1ml/20 kg body weight). The third group was injected three successive intramuscular doses by Liveria (1ml/20 kg body …

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Effects Of Dietary Fat Supplementation On Growth Performance Of Early Weaned Rabbit, A Orma, Hossam Eldin Abd Elbaky, T Mohamed Dec 2017

Effects Of Dietary Fat Supplementation On Growth Performance Of Early Weaned Rabbit, A Orma, Hossam Eldin Abd Elbaky, T Mohamed

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of soybean oil (SBO) to increase neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents on growth performance (GP), nutritive values (NV) and carcass quality of growing New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. A total sixty, 5 weeks old male weaned rabbits of mixed breeds with a mean body weight of 774.42g were randomly allocated to four dietary groups of 15 rabbits each. Experimental groups were fed diets supplemented with 0, 1, 2 &3% fat. The feeding trial lasted for 6 weeks. Growth performance parameters as body weight (BW), feed intake (FI) …

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Studies On H9 Avian Influenza In Dakahlia Governorate, Asmaa Alzayat, Abdelfattah Eladl, Hanan Fahmy, Hany Ellakany Dec 2017

Studies On H9 Avian Influenza In Dakahlia Governorate, Asmaa Alzayat, Abdelfattah Eladl, Hanan Fahmy, Hany Ellakany

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

Prevalence of H9 Avian Influenza Virus (AIV-H9) in Dakahlia governorate during 2012 - 2015 was undertaken to update the epidemiology of avian influenza virus infections among poultry flocks in Egypt. A total of 50 chicken flocks were examined (28 broiler flock and 22 layer flock). Results revealed that 18 samples were HA positive while 7 out of 18 samples were positive by chromatographic strip test for common antigen of AIV. Two chicken flocks were found positive AIVH9 by RT-PCR and qrt-PCR. The virus was successfully isolated and propagated in SPF eggs. The result was screened by HA and confirmed by …

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Effects Of Melatonin On Testicular And Pituitary Gland Functions In Rats, Nabil Abu Heakal Dec 2017

Effects Of Melatonin On Testicular And Pituitary Gland Functions In Rats, Nabil Abu Heakal

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

The present investigation was desgined to evaluate the effects of melatonin on testosterone and pituitary hormones levels in mature male rats Twenty mature male rats were used in this study. Animal were divided into two groups each one consists of ten rats . The first group considers as contral group administrated soya oil (2ml / kg) , the second group treated with melatonin (0.5mg 1 kg) for one month . After the end of the experiment rats were sacrificed and blood was collected into heparinzed tubes to separate plasma and testicular tissue were collected to detect oxidive changes of the …

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Physiological And Histological Studies On The Effect Of Myrtus Communis Extract On Rat’S Thyroid Gland, N Al-Zail, A Aboalhaj, S El-Gharbawy, M Abd El-Gawad Dec 2017

Physiological And Histological Studies On The Effect Of Myrtus Communis Extract On Rat’S Thyroid Gland, N Al-Zail, A Aboalhaj, S El-Gharbawy, M Abd El-Gawad

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

The aim of this study was to test the effect of the ethanolic extract of Myrtus communis leaves on the thyroid gland tissue in white rats . The animals were given a dose of 2 g/kg orally. 43 rats were divided into 3 groups. The first group was given the dose daily for 7 days . The second group was treated for 14 days. The third group was given the dose for different hours , and after the end of each treatment period , blood samples were taken and the levels of thyroid hormones (T3 , T4) and thyroid stimulating …

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Studies On Currently Circulating Paramyxoviruses In Pigeons, Reham Elbhnsawy, K Abu El Azm, Sanaa Awad, A Eladl Dec 2017

Studies On Currently Circulating Paramyxoviruses In Pigeons, Reham Elbhnsawy, K Abu El Azm, Sanaa Awad, A Eladl

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

Twenty two pigeon paramyxovirus (PPMV) isolates were recovered from 50 tested diseased pigeons. Tested pigeons suffered from nervous manifestation, listlessness, inappetance, inability to fly and greenish diarrhea. Diseased pigeons were collected from Dakahlia governorate during 2014 and 2015. Virus isolation was done in embryonated chicken eggs via allantoic sac inoculation. Isolates were identified as PMV by HA and RT-PCR tests. Pathogenicity for five isolates was done via intracerebral inoculation of one day old 10 SPF-chicks for each isolate. Intracerebral pathogenicity index varied from 0.0 to 1.44. Although RT-PCR testing of liver, spleen, lung and brain collected from culled chicks on …

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Genetic Selection Of Some Immunological Traits In Local Egyptian Chicken Strain, Kh El-Bayomi, F Abd El-Ghany, R Darwish, Nagwan Ahmed Dec 2017

Genetic Selection Of Some Immunological Traits In Local Egyptian Chicken Strain, Kh El-Bayomi, F Abd El-Ghany, R Darwish, Nagwan Ahmed

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

This work was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of selection for high immune response against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) vaccine in local Egyptian chicken strain (Dokki4) for two generations. Two lines (selected and control) of Dokki-4 strain were used; in the selected line, chicks were selected according to its immune response against NDV vaccine. In the control line, chicks were randomly chosen. The population families were vaccinated against the common prevalent diseases according to the vaccination programs in the Sakha Animal Production Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh. Results of selection for high immune response against NDV vaccine showed that; selection …

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A Case Of Pythiosis In A Donkey, Esam Mosbah, Walaa Awadin Dec 2017

A Case Of Pythiosis In A Donkey, Esam Mosbah, Walaa Awadin

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

A case of crater-shaped granulomatous ulcer was observed in skin covering knee joint of right forelimb in 8 years old male donkey referred to Mansoura veterinary teaching hospital. Clinical examination of the lesion showed necrotic tissue with tumor appearance, abundant fibrinous-bloody exudation and yellowish-white caseous material (kunkers). Mycological isolation revealed white to off-white colonies at 37°C but not at 25°C. The colonies did not present aerial mycelium, and the mycelial growth penetrated the medium in all cultures. Histopathologically, the lesion with the hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stain showed severe pyogranulomatous dermatitis, with abundant eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate and poorly stained thin …

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Identification Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms In Exon 2 Of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 Gene In Egyptian Buffaloes, Khairy El-Bayomi, Iman El Araby, Ayman Saleh, Hoda Osman, Mahmoud Eltarabany, Ashraf Awad, Amir Abd El-Fattah Dec 2017

Identification Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms In Exon 2 Of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 Gene In Egyptian Buffaloes, Khairy El-Bayomi, Iman El Araby, Ayman Saleh, Hoda Osman, Mahmoud Eltarabany, Ashraf Awad, Amir Abd El-Fattah

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP 15) is a member of transforming growth factor-β (TGF- β) superfamily which plays an important role in ovarian follicular development and ovulation rate. In this study a partial sequence of this gene was screened for polymorphisms. PCR amplification of DNA isolated from blood of 100 Egyptian buffaloes hiefers (50 infertile and 50 normal). Revealed two loci, BMP15.1 (222 bp) and BMP15.2 (222 bp) which includes exon 2 of BMP 15 gene. Polymorphisms in these two loci were detected by using direct sequencing and single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) technique. A single pattern of SSCP was …

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Evaluation Of Some Milk Enzymes As Biomarkers In Detection Of Bovine Subclinical Mastitis, A Abdelkhalek, A El-Gamal, Shaimaa A Dec 2017

Evaluation Of Some Milk Enzymes As Biomarkers In Detection Of Bovine Subclinical Mastitis, A Abdelkhalek, A El-Gamal, Shaimaa A

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

The present study was carried out on One hundred and fifity , one day old chicks to evaluate the immunogenicity of multivalent pilus vaccine containing pili from the three common pathogenic serotypes of E. coli (O1, O2 and O78). Nienty vaccinated birds at 14 days & 28 days of age by 0.5ml s/c of pilus vaccine at base of neck and 60 unvaccinated were divided to 4 subgroups (30 vaccinated & 20 unvaccinated) were used for challenge two weeks after second dose . Each group was challenged each with one type of E.coli strains O1 , O2 and O78. Blood …

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Anti-Atherosclerotic Role Of Olive Oil In Rats, Bouzeed Boukhazeem, El-Said El-Sherbini, Gehad Ramadan, Mosbah Abdel Gawad Dec 2017

Anti-Atherosclerotic Role Of Olive Oil In Rats, Bouzeed Boukhazeem, El-Said El-Sherbini, Gehad Ramadan, Mosbah Abdel Gawad

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

The increase in dietary cholesterol to perform a rat model for atherosclerotic diet would result in a significant increase in serum levels of total cholesterol and malondialdehyde and blood SOD activity in rats. Moreover, there was significant decrease in serum levels of LDL-C, triacylglycerol and GSH, In addition to blood catalase activity. Although, there was a nonsignificant change in in serum HDL-C and blood GPx activity. However, dietary supplementation with olive oil mixed with atherosclerotic diet ameliorates this undesirable effect .

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Adverse Effects Of Lincomycin And Spectinomycin In Rats, S. Amer, Reham A, Enjy R, Hamza M Dec 2017

Adverse Effects Of Lincomycin And Spectinomycin In Rats, S. Amer, Reham A, Enjy R, Hamza M

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

This study was performed to investigate the adverse effects of lincomycin (given orally at 500 mg/kg daily for 21 days) and spectinomycin (given S.C at 250 mg/kg daily for 30 days) on 24 apparently clinically healthy adult male albino rats (175 - 250 gm). Blood, serum and tissues (Liver, kidney and testis) samples were collected for hematological, biochemical and histopathological for investigation. The obtained results revealed that, lincomycin and spectinomycin treated groups showed a significant decrease in total erythrocytic and leucocytic count (especially lymphocytes), hemoglobin values and PCV value. The levels of ALT, AST, cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL revealed a …

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Role Of Lysine And Methionine In Carnitine Metabolism In Rats, Aliaa Ezz El-Dien, Youssef Moustafa, Mohamed El_Adl, Amr Hassan Dec 2017

Role Of Lysine And Methionine In Carnitine Metabolism In Rats, Aliaa Ezz El-Dien, Youssef Moustafa, Mohamed El_Adl, Amr Hassan

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

The present study was performed on rats for studying effect of different concentrations of lysine and methionine in carnitine metabolism in liver and muscle tissues. The animals which fed low concentrations of lysine and methionine showed significant decrease in carnitine metabolism when compared with normal control group. On the other hand the rats supplied with high concentrations of lysine and methionine showed markedly increase in carnitine metabolism. Furthermore, this study clearly appear the role of lysine and methionine concentration in antioxidant status of the body

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Spectrophotometric Quantification Of Nitrite And Nitrate In Cured Processed Meat, M. Elgazzar, Z. Al-Awamry, H. Marouf, N. Khalil Dec 2017

Spectrophotometric Quantification Of Nitrite And Nitrate In Cured Processed Meat, M. Elgazzar, Z. Al-Awamry, H. Marouf, N. Khalil

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

A total of 115 samples of different cured meat products – locally processed and imported ones – were purchased from various groceries and supermarkets in Egypt then analyzed for their contents of both nitrite and nitrate by the aid of spectrophotometer and expressed as mg/kg (ppm). The surveyed samples consisted of 25 corned beef (9 locally processed plus 16 imported ones), 20 locally processed beef sausage, 15 locally processed patirma, 10 locally processed beef luncheon, 5 imported canned beef luncheon, 20 canned chicken sausage (8 locally processed and 12 imported ones), 10 imported canned chicken luncheon, in addition to 10 …

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Prevalence And Virulence Profile Of Avian Pathogenic E.Coli Isolated From Clinically Diseased Broiler Chicken, Gamal Younis, Amal Awad, Samah Samir Dec 2017

Prevalence And Virulence Profile Of Avian Pathogenic E.Coli Isolated From Clinically Diseased Broiler Chicken, Gamal Younis, Amal Awad, Samah Samir

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

Escherichia coli plays a part in maintaining intestinal physiology. Although, there are pathogenic strains that cause different syndromes of diarrheal disease. E. coli strains are the cause of a number of diseases in broiler chickens, leading to death, decrease in production or condemning of carcasses. This study aimed to determine phenotypes and virulence associated genes of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) recovered from diseased and freshly dead chickens including, shiga toxin 1, shiga toxin 2 and intimin using genotypic methods. A total of 200 chicken visceral organs (liver, lungs, spleen and heart) collected from diseased and freshly dead birds (four …

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Molecular Detection And Serotyping Of Foot And Mouth Disease Virus In Tongue Epithelium Samples, A. El-Kenawy, E. Younis, Hiam Fakhry, R. Karam Dec 2017

Molecular Detection And Serotyping Of Foot And Mouth Disease Virus In Tongue Epithelium Samples, A. El-Kenawy, E. Younis, Hiam Fakhry, R. Karam

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

The aim of the present study is molecular identification and typing of FMDV circulating in Dakahlia governorate in Egypt, 2014. The study was accomplished on pooled nine tongue epithelium samples collected from diseased cattle and buffaloes expected to be infected with FMDV. The diseased animals showed fever , excessive salivation and ulceration on tongue and gum. Conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for identification of FMDV using universal primers. Then serotyping of the identified virus was done using RT-PCR for serotype O and A and Real time RT-PCR for serotype SAT2 . FMDV was identified in all …

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Effects Of Calcium Salt Of Fatty Acids On Growth Performance And Biochemical Parameters In Broiler Chicken, Rawda Gado, G. El-Sayed, Mahmoud Elsebaai Dec 2017

Effects Of Calcium Salt Of Fatty Acids On Growth Performance And Biochemical Parameters In Broiler Chicken, Rawda Gado, G. El-Sayed, Mahmoud Elsebaai

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

The aim of this study is to determine if calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) can replace soybean oil in broilers diet. So 60 sex mixed Cobb chicks 10 day old divided into 3 groups, each included 20 chicks, and subdivided into 2 subgroups each included 10 chicks. All fed the same starter diet up to 10 days of age then fed grower and finisher diet with different dietary fat sources. Groups were: G1: basal diet with CSFA (Poly fat®) (PF), G2: basal diet with soybean oil (SO), G3: basal diet with Poly fat® + soybean oil 50:50 (PF:SO) at …

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Histopathological Alterations In Intestine Of Mice Infected With Of Schistosoma Mansoni, Mohamed Hamed, Moustafa Al-Araby Dec 2017

Histopathological Alterations In Intestine Of Mice Infected With Of Schistosoma Mansoni, Mohamed Hamed, Moustafa Al-Araby

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

Schistosomiasis remains an important health problem in many tropical countries and developing countries. It has serious pathological lesions in different tissues particularly liver. The aim of this study is to demonstrate histopathological alterations in intestine of mice infected with S. mansoni as model for human schistosomiasis. Twenty mice were infected by tail immersion technique (80±10 cercariae per mouse of Egyptian strain of S. mansoni). Animals were clinically observed for 7 weeks and then they were sacrificed. Gross and histological examination was done, in addition to Masson trichrome and scoring of fibrosis by image J analysis were performed. The results revealed …

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Advertising Mechanism For Predictive Consumption Of Content At A Variable Entry Point, Morgan Dollard Dec 2017

Advertising Mechanism For Predictive Consumption Of Content At A Variable Entry Point, Morgan Dollard

Defensive Publications Series

A mechanism that quantifies future traffic associated with respective segments of content items. A content item may be received from a content provider and segments of the received content item may be identified. Subsequently, the identified segments may be classified based on the type of content present in the content item during the segments. The future consumption of the segments of the content item may be predicted based on the type of content present and the segments may be ranked and priced accordingly. The content item may then be presented including advertisements during the segments of the content item.

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Vizcaínos: The Scourge Of The Empire And Uncomfortable Identities, Juan Gil-Osle Dec 2017

Vizcaínos: The Scourge Of The Empire And Uncomfortable Identities, Juan Gil-Osle

BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal

What a Vizcaíno is in the literature of the 16th and 17th centuries has always been a puzzle due to the different uses given to the word. The connotation of the term Vizcaíno can go from an insult similar to “thief,” “traitor,” even “Portuguese,” to, in other cases, “stupid,” “gregarious,” or simply different. In other words, the Vizcaíno is a paradigmatic Other, which seems to have become an insider Other (nothing could be more enervating for some in Spain, or more nostalgic for others than the “insiderness” of this quintessential Other). And unfortunately, in this case, otherness has …

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Face To Face: Painting Basque Identity In The Diaspora, Zoe Bray Dec 2017

Face To Face: Painting Basque Identity In The Diaspora, Zoe Bray

BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal

I draw on my experience of painting portraits to reflect on the Basque diaspora today. Whilst living in different countries, I have painted Basque individuals that I have met through Basque organizations, through common friends in the Basque Country, or through “non-Basque” people who introduce us presuming that as fellow Basques we have something in common. We are thus brought together through the networks that typically define a diaspora. At the same time, Basque identity in the diaspora, as I have come to understand - and paint - it, is a personal and contextual experience. In this article, I offer …

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10.1 Dec 2017

10.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Botox Injections On Cognitive-Emotional Experience Dec 2017

Effects Of Botox Injections On Cognitive-Emotional Experience

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Emotional experience is a complex neurological process highly dependent on the ability to express emotion behaviorally. Facial expression, specifically, plays a critical role in interpreting others’ emotions and responding appropriately. This review examines the current literature about the impact of botox injections on emotional experience, including recognition and empathy. Results show that botox may severely limit cognitive-emotional responses to others’ emotions, especially stronger emotions such as anger. This leads to the conclusion that botox injections may inhibit emotional connections to others.

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Exercise, Brain Plasticity, And Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factors Dec 2017

Exercise, Brain Plasticity, And Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factors

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Physical exercise influences neurobiological processes and cognitive abilities. For example, it increases the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein responsible for maintaining synaptic connections as well as neuronal development, growth, and survival. The increase of BDNF promotes brain plasticity and has been shown to aid recovery from brain injuries, as well as to improve cognitive function in older adults. Recent studies with well-exercised rats showed strong, positive correlations between BDNF levels, cognitive performance in maze tasks, and recovery from fluid-percussion injuries to the hippocampus. Currently researchers are focusing on whether exercise prevents neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and …

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Intestinal Exposure To Pcb 153 Induces Inflammation Via The Atm/Nemo Pathway, Matthew C. Phillips Dec 2017

Intestinal Exposure To Pcb 153 Induces Inflammation Via The Atm/Nemo Pathway, Matthew C. Phillips

Open Access Dissertations

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that adversely affect human health. Although production of PCBs has stopped, they remain a pressing environmental problem due to their slow biodegradation and high lipophilicity. These properties enable PCBs to bio-accumulate in food chains leading to high levels of PCBs in the tissues of foodstuffs, especially fish. Despite dietary exposure being one of the main routes of exposure to PCBs, the gut has been widely ignored when studying the effects of PCBs. We set out to investigate the effects of PCB 153, the most environmentally prevalent PCB, on the gut, looking specifically for …

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Serum Protein Analysis As An Immune Assessment Tool In South Florida Nurse Sharks, Ginglymostoma Cirratum, Leila Atallahbenson Dec 2017

Serum Protein Analysis As An Immune Assessment Tool In South Florida Nurse Sharks, Ginglymostoma Cirratum, Leila Atallahbenson

Open Access Theses

Assessment of shark health can provide valuable insight into overall population health. In this study, immunological assessment tools are reviewed for their use with wild shark populations. Nurse sharks, Ginglymostoma cirratum, were non-lethally blood sampled from wild individuals in south Florida. Reference ranges are given for the first time for serum protein electrophoresis, which included five fractions that correspond closely with other elasmobranch species. Differences between serum and plasma may be negligible for protein electrophoresis, and therefore, plasma may be preferred in field settings. Reference ranges for other biometric and blood parameters were also established. The granulocyte to lymphocyte …

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A Strength And Weakness Analysis Of The Next Engine: 3d Scanner Ultra Hd, Jonathan Shields Dec 2017

A Strength And Weakness Analysis Of The Next Engine: 3d Scanner Ultra Hd, Jonathan Shields

Honors Capstone Projects and Theses

No abstract provided.

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Evaluation Of Animal-Based Indicators To Be Used In A Welfare Assessment Protocol For Sheep, Susan E. Richmond, Françoise Wemelsfelder, Ina Beltran De Heredia, Roberto Ruiz, Elisabetta Canali, Cathy M. Dwyer Dec 2017

Evaluation Of Animal-Based Indicators To Be Used In A Welfare Assessment Protocol For Sheep, Susan E. Richmond, Françoise Wemelsfelder, Ina Beltran De Heredia, Roberto Ruiz, Elisabetta Canali, Cathy M. Dwyer

Farm Animal Welfare Collection

Sheep are managed under a variety of different environments (continually outdoors, partially outdoors with seasonal or diurnal variation, continuously indoors) and for different purposes, which makes assessing welfare challenging. This diversity means that resource-based indicators are not particularly useful and, thus, a welfare assessment scheme for sheep, focusing on animal-based indicators, was developed. We focus specifically on ewes, as the most numerous group of sheep present on farm, although many of the indicators may also have relevance to adult male sheep. Using the Welfare Quality® framework of four Principles and 12 Criteria, we considered the validity, reliability, and feasibility of …

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