Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2017

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 4501 - 4530 of 23332

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

The Chicken Or The Egg? Adaptation To Desiccation And Salinity Tolerance In A Lineage Of Water Beetles, Susana Pallarés, Paula Arribas, David T. Bilton, Andrés Millán, Josefa Velasco, Ignacio Ribera Sep 2017

The Chicken Or The Egg? Adaptation To Desiccation And Salinity Tolerance In A Lineage Of Water Beetles, Susana Pallarés, Paula Arribas, David T. Bilton, Andrés Millán, Josefa Velasco, Ignacio Ribera

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Strategic Landscape, 2050: Preparing The U.S. Military For New Era Dynamics, Roman Muzalevsky Mr. Sep 2017

Strategic Landscape, 2050: Preparing The U.S. Military For New Era Dynamics, Roman Muzalevsky Mr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

A series of megatrends will present a major challenge to the United States in the coming decades, exposing it to crises and opportunities on the battlefield and in the market. The U.S. military should stand ready to harness these dynamics to retain its edge in an operational environment marked by increased complexity, speed, and intensity of global developments.

Go to article

Lateralized Behaviour As Indicator Of Affective State In Dairy Cows, S Kappel, Mt Mendl, Dc Barrett, Jc Murrell, Hr Whay Sep 2017

Lateralized Behaviour As Indicator Of Affective State In Dairy Cows, S Kappel, Mt Mendl, Dc Barrett, Jc Murrell, Hr Whay

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

In humans, there is evidence that sensory processing of novel or threatening stimuli is right hemisphere dominated, especially in people experiencing negative affective states. There is also evidence for similar lateralization in a number of non-human animal species. Here we investigate whether this is also the case in domestic cattle that may experience long-term negative states due to commonly occurring conditions such as lameness. Health and welfare implications associated with pain in lame cows are a major concern in dairy farming. Behavioural tests combining animal behaviour and cognition could make a meaningful contribution to our understanding of disease-related changes in …

Go to article

Determination Of Death Legislation, Robert C. Robinson, Robinson & Kriger Portland, Maine Sep 2017

Determination Of Death Legislation, Robert C. Robinson, Robinson & Kriger Portland, Maine

The Catholic Lawyer

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Church-State Cases, Wilfred R. Caron, General Counsel, United States Catholic Conference Sep 2017

Church-State Cases, Wilfred R. Caron, General Counsel, United States Catholic Conference

The Catholic Lawyer

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Native American Women: A Silent Presence In History, Jackie Krogmeier Sep 2017

Native American Women: A Silent Presence In History, Jackie Krogmeier

The Purdue Historian

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Native American Culture: Not For Sale, Jackie Krogmeier Sep 2017

Native American Culture: Not For Sale, Jackie Krogmeier

The Purdue Historian

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Nurturing Nature During The Golden Age Of Piracy, Thomas R. Meeks Jr. Sep 2017

Nurturing Nature During The Golden Age Of Piracy, Thomas R. Meeks Jr.

The Purdue Historian

The impact of the natural world on an infamous era of maritime history, the Golden Age of Piracy, is immense, yet often overlooked. Piracy at the time was exacerbated by the dichotomy between rich and poor, where pirates fought for a life without the pressures of European Colonial powers. The New World was ripe for the picking, and pirates used any means possible to increase their wealth. However, geography, weather, disease, and natural disasters have all altered the historical course of piratical endeavors. This essay provides a detailed account of events where pirates were either hindered by, or benefitted from, …

Go to article

Parchment As Power: The Effects Of Pre-Revolutionary Treaties On Native Americans From The Colonial Period To Present, Katie Wilkinson Sep 2017

Parchment As Power: The Effects Of Pre-Revolutionary Treaties On Native Americans From The Colonial Period To Present, Katie Wilkinson

The Purdue Historian

In colonial America, there was one resource that settlers were thirsty for and only Native Americans could provide: land. Europeans were interested in gaining possession of Native land via whatever methods would place the fertile soil into their greedy palms the fastest. As a result, they turned to a familiar practice to establish ownership – the written word, more specifically treaties. Unfortunately, the Europeans had fundamentally different thoughts concerning land than the Natives and it resulted in great forfeitures for tribes. While Native Americans were often tricked into land cessions, this was not always the case. Some of the reasons …

Go to article

Determining Death: The Legal And Theological Aspects Of Brian-Related Criteria, J. Stuart Showalter Sep 2017

Determining Death: The Legal And Theological Aspects Of Brian-Related Criteria, J. Stuart Showalter

The Catholic Lawyer

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Laborem Exercens Encyclical Of The Supreme Pontiff, Pope John Paul Ii Sep 2017

Laborem Exercens Encyclical Of The Supreme Pontiff, Pope John Paul Ii

The Catholic Lawyer

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Population Growth Sep 2017

Population Growth

Activities

When George Washington started the first Presidency of the United States of America, he was governing less than 4 million people who occupied an area of 2,300,000 square kilometers. It was an agrarian society, with 95% of the population living on farms and only 5% in cities or towns of more than 2,500. There was plenty of land, and a vast array of natural resources, just waiting to be tapped. Today, we live in a country of over 294 million people. While we are one of the major food producers in the world, it is no longer due to us …

Go to article

Home Chemicals Sep 2017

Home Chemicals

Activities

Chemicals are everywhere, in the air you breathe, in the food you eat, and in the chair you’re sitting on. Moreover, you’re mostly chemicals. Ninety nine percent of the human body is composed of just 6 chemical elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. After you die, you’ll decompose into hydrogen, nitrogen, water, ammonia, carbon dioxide, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid. So, from chemicals we come and to chemicals we go. Chemical elements are substances that contain one kind of atom and cannot be separated into simpler substances. There are 116 known chemical elements, of which 91 occur naturally. …

Go to article

Mineral Identification Sep 2017

Mineral Identification

Activities

For this activity, we are going to try to identify ten different minerals from their properties. There is an attached listing of the major properties of the most commonly found minerals. Use it and any other resources you might have to identify the ten minerals, and list your findings on the sheet below. In order to help you by giving you a little practice with mineral identification, we suggest the following virtual identifier: http://facweb.bhc.edu/academics/science/harwoodr/Geol101/Labs/Minerals/ Your instructor will provide you with up to 10 different mineral samples for identification. To test for hardness, you will also be provided with a copper …

Go to article

Acid Rain Sep 2017

Acid Rain

Activities

Acidity is measured on the pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 with 0 being acid, 7 as neutral, and 14 as alkaline. The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution, which indicates acidity. The pH scale is also logarithmic, so that a change in one unit represents a tenfold change in acidity, thus a solution of pH 4 is 10 times as acidic as one with pH 5 and 100 times as acidic as pH 6. "Natural" or unpolluted rainfall is slightly acidic and has a pH of between 5.6 and 5.8. When fossil fuels, such …

Go to article

Hydroelectric Energy Sep 2017

Hydroelectric Energy

Activities

Water has always been one of mankind’s most vital resources. While the human body can go weeks without food, it can only survive for a couple of days without water consumption. Crops in the field will shrivel and die without a readily available supply. We use it for cleaning; we use it for cooking. And since almost the start of recorded history, we have used it as an energy source. Some of the first recorded mentions of hydropower go back over 2,000 years ago to ancient Greece and Egypt, where water wheels were connected to grindstones to turn wheat into …

Go to article

Stratospheric Ozone Sep 2017

Stratospheric Ozone

Activities

Last week, we studied ground-level ozone. We discovered that our modern way-of-life produces ozone in great quantities, which can be extremely harmful to the environment since it is a chemical poison to many life forms, including humans. This week, we are going to investigate stratospheric ozone. As we read last week, this ozone is responsible for filtering out ultraviolet radiation from sunlight and reducing levels of it found at the Earth's surface. This action is extremely important to life forms found in our ecosystems, since this highenergy form of ionizing radiation can have damaging effects. While our eyes allow us …

Go to article

Ground-Level Ozone Sep 2017

Ground-Level Ozone

Activities

In this exercise we will be examining ground-level ozone, commonly referred to as "smog" ("smoke" + "fog" = "smog"). Smog is formed by the combination of air pollutants and sunlight, and can have adverse effects on humans and other organisms. You have likely heard of ozone in a different capacity. Ozone also occurs high above the earth's surface in the stratosphere, where it serves a protective function by blocking harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. The ozone in each case is the same molecule (three bound oxygen atoms), but in one location (high in the atmosphere) it is beneficial to …

Go to article

Calories And Land Sep 2017

Calories And Land

Activities

In this exercise, you will investigate how your own diet affects the agricultural demands of a country. You will do this by monitoring your food and drink intake for 3 days, and recording it on the attached activity sheet. At the end of this time, you will add up the number of calories consumed and find the average amount for each day. Most of your packaged food should come with some type of caloric guidelines. If it does not, a fairly complete listing of the calories of various foodstuffs can be found here. As best you can, you need to …

Go to article

Rock Identification Sep 2017

Rock Identification

Activities

In our everyday lives, we often find confusion between the terms rock and mineral. People will sometimes use the terms interchangeably since they are both found in the ground. However, they are distinctly different things. Minerals are solids with a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure. While rocks can be made of minerals, and therefore have some of these same properties, they can also be made of materials such as volcanic glass that do not contain a single crystal. The problem is that we do not have a really clear definition of a rock. Different sources will define the term …

Go to article

Carbon Cycling Sep 2017

Carbon Cycling

Activities

So let's take a minute and recap. You know that plants carry out photosynthesis to create sugar, and that all organisms use sugar to fuel cellular biochemical reactions through the process of cellular respiration. Not all of the sugar created by the plant is used up in respiration though, as some is used to create new plant biomass like roots, leaves, stems, wood, and bark. The carbon in plant biomass is only stored temporarily, as it will return to the atmosphere when the biomass decomposes, burns, or is eaten and metabolized. Up to now you have read about the abstract …

Go to article

Trees And Carbon Sep 2017

Trees And Carbon

Activities

To understand the environment, it is important to understand how organisms and their surroundings interact. Since all organisms use energy, we need to understand how energy can be used and transferred. Because all organisms are made of substances, it is equally important that we understand how chemicals are used and transported through an ecosystem. This exercise will help contribute to our understanding of the movements of compounds in ecosystems. The transport and transformation of substances in the environment are known collectively as biogeochemical cycles. These global cycles involve the circulation of elements and nutrients that sustain both the biological and …

Go to article

Natural Gas Sep 2017

Natural Gas

Activities

In the world of fossil fuels, natural gas is often the overlooked ugly duckling. It gets lumped in with oil, as in “oil and gas industry”, even though the discussion usually centers upon oil. It does not help that gasoline, which is derived from oil, is shortened to “gas”. In many people’s mind, the “gas” in “oil and gas” refers to gasoline, and not natural gas. However, natural gas has much to offer as an energy source that makes it preferable to other forms of fossil fuels. It burns much cleaner than coal or oil, and it produces far less …

Go to article

Coal Sep 2017

Coal

Activities

Coal has been a source of energy for almost as long as Homo sapiens have inhabited the planet. The earliest record for its use dates back more than 3000 years to China where it may have been used to smelt copper. In areas where coal seams intersected the surface, coal was a ready supply of energy just waiting to be exploited. It did have some drawbacks, though. Most of the coal near the surface burns dirty, requiring some form of chimney if it is to be used indoors. It is also heavy to transport, limiting its use to regions near …

Go to article

Oil Sep 2017

Oil

Activities

We are a country that runs on oil. From the gasoline in our cars to the plastic in our computers to the detergents that we put in our dishwashers, we rely on oil for our modern way of life. It cannot be understated just how strong of a role it plays in our economy and politics. It is used in tractors that plow and harvest food. It is used to power manufacturing plants and as feedstock in commercial goods. It powers all the trains and trucks that bring goods to market. It runs our cars, heats and cools our homes, …

Go to article

Nuclear Energy Capstone Sep 2017

Nuclear Energy Capstone

Activities

The United States has a problem with energy independence. The problem has nothing to do with a lack of energy production or availability. We are the largest producer of energy in the world, and have centuries’ worth of fossil fuels, as well as an enormous supply of nuclear and alternative energies, at our disposal. Our energy dependence on other countries is a result of the fact that we are also the leading consumers of energy in the world, being second only to Canada (population 32 million, compared to the 283 million in the U.S.) in per capita consumption of energy. …

Go to article

Radiation Exposure Sep 2017

Radiation Exposure

Activities

Nuclear energy was going to make the world a much better place during the 1950’s. The promise of an almost limitless supply of cheap energy that did not produce any soot or atmospheric pollutants almost seemed to good to be true. During the 1960's and 1970's, the United States nuclear industry expanded, as fears of a looming end to oil and gas reserves fueled construction. But by the late 1970’s, though, the wheels had come off of the nuclear wagon. The cheapness of the energy never did pan out, as prices of electricity from nuclear energy rivaled those of fossil …

Go to article

Measurement Sep 2017

Measurement

Activities

In general, you are quite familiar with measurements, as almost any occupation requires measurements of some kind. Carpenters measure boards for cutting, nurses measure blood pressure in patients, tailors measure fabric for garments, and advertising executives measure the public's acceptance of their sales pitches. You will therefore undoubtedly be utilizing measurement in your chosen career, regardless of the field you enter. Measurement plays a particularly large role in science. In their studies, scientists gather data, and to do this they use measurements. Scientists measure the concentration of gases in the atmosphere, the growth of organisms under varying conditions, the rate …

Go to article

Experimental Analysis Sep 2017

Experimental Analysis

Activities

Central to good science are accurate observations, testable hypotheses, well-designed experiments or other tests, and reasonable data analyses. The purpose of Laboratory 1 is to introduce you to the basics of designing and analyzing experiments. The following two laboratory exercises will provide you with further steps in organizing and analyzing data. Many interesting experiments are impossible to do in a normal undergraduate science laboratory setting. For this reason, your introduction to designing an experiment that has relevance in “the real world” involves a computer simulation. The program involves a growing industry, that of farming fish. What is your favorite kind …

Go to article

Open Source 3-D Printed Nutating Mixer, Dhwani K. Trivedi, Joshua M. Pearce Sep 2017

Open Source 3-D Printed Nutating Mixer, Dhwani K. Trivedi, Joshua M. Pearce

Department of Materials Science and Engineering Publications

As the open source development of additive manufacturing has led to low-cost desktop three-dimensional (3-D) printing, a number of scientists throughout the world have begun to share digital designs of free and open source scientific hardware. Open source scientific hardware enables custom experimentation, laboratory control, rapid upgrading, transparent maintenance, and lower costs in general. To aid in this trend, this study describes the development, design, assembly, and operation of a 3-D printable open source desktop nutating mixer, which provides a fixed 20° platform tilt angle for a gentle three-dimensional (gyrating) agitation of chemical or biological samples (e.g., DNA or blood …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last