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2016

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Determining The Optimal Public Debt Threshold For Nigeria, Babatunde S. Omotosho, Sani Bawa, Sani I. Doguwa Dec 2016

Determining The Optimal Public Debt Threshold For Nigeria, Babatunde S. Omotosho, Sani Bawa, Sani I. Doguwa

CBN Journal of Applied Statistics (JAS)

This paper investigates the existence of threshold effects in the relationship between public debt and economic growth in Nigeria using quarterly data. Generally, we found empirical support for an inverted U-shape relationship between public debt types and economic growth. For total public debt as percentage of GDP, model results identified a threshold level of 73.70 per cent, while the estimated inflexion points for external and domestic debts were 49.4 and 30.9 per cent, respectively. The implication of this finding is that debt accumulation in excess of the estimated threshold levels could hurt economic growth. A retrospective examination of the country’s …

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Volatility In The Nigerian Stock Market: Empirical Application Of Beta-T-Garch Variants, Olaoluwa S. Yaya, Abiodun S. Bada, Victor N. Atoi Dec 2016

Volatility In The Nigerian Stock Market: Empirical Application Of Beta-T-Garch Variants, Olaoluwa S. Yaya, Abiodun S. Bada, Victor N. Atoi

CBN Journal of Applied Statistics (JAS)

The Generalized Autoregressive Score (GAS), Exponential GAS (EGAS) and Asymmetric Exponential GAS (AEGAS) are new classes of volatility models that simultaneously account for jumps and asymmetry. Using these models, we estimate the dynamic pattern of the Nigeria All Share Index (ASI) from January 3, 2006 to July 22, 2014. Parameter estimates of the models were obtained using the Quasi Maximum Likelihood (QML) approach, and in-sample conditional volatility forecasts from each of the models were evaluated using the minimum loss function approach. Among the classical volatility models, the initial results detected IGARCH-t as the best model for predicting volatility in the …

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The Causes Of Persistent Inflation In Nigeria, Victor O. Asekunowo Dec 2016

The Causes Of Persistent Inflation In Nigeria, Victor O. Asekunowo

CBN Journal of Applied Statistics (JAS)

This study sought to identify the traditional and institutional inflation variables responsible for inflation phenomenon and the magnitude of the contribution of the identified variables to the rise in general price level. Secondary data on key macroeconomic variables in the economy from 1974 to 2013 were used. The data collected were analysed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test. The results showed that there existed a longrun co-movement among the variables. Also, the ordinary least squares estimate showed that Real Effective Exchange Rate, Lagged Consumer Price Index, Real Broad Money and Real Profits were statistically significant in influencing Consumer …

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A Three-State Markov Model For Predicting Movements Of Asset Returns Of A Nigerian Bank, Maruf A. Raheem, Patrick O. Ezepue Dec 2016

A Three-State Markov Model For Predicting Movements Of Asset Returns Of A Nigerian Bank, Maruf A. Raheem, Patrick O. Ezepue

CBN Journal of Applied Statistics (JAS)

We present in this paper an alternative approach to determining and predicting the fluctuations in the daily prices and stock returns of a first-generation bank in the Nigerian Stock Market (NSM). The approach uses a three-state Markov to estimate the expected duration of the asset returns in states classified as rising (positive) (𝑅𝑘), falling (negative) state (𝑅𝑚) or stable (zero) state (𝑅𝑙). Related goodness-of-fit tests show that the Markov model fits the data adequately with an error rate of approximately 0.1. The maximum expected lengths of successively being in either positive or negative regime is 4 days, while that of …

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Dynamic Effects Of Fiscal Policy On Output And Unemployment In Nigeria: An Econometric Investigation, Attahir B. Abubakar Dec 2016

Dynamic Effects Of Fiscal Policy On Output And Unemployment In Nigeria: An Econometric Investigation, Attahir B. Abubakar

CBN Journal of Applied Statistics (JAS)

This study investigates the effect of fiscal policy shocks on output and unemployment in Nigeria under the Keynesian framework by employing the Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) methodology to analyse annual series on the relevant variables for the period 1981-2015. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test for unit root result shows all variables to be integrated of order one and Johansen Cointegration test confirms the presence of long run association among the variables. Findings of the SVAR model shows shock in public expenditure as having a positive long- lasting effect on output. Revenue shock was found to exert a positive effect (lower …

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On Building Inference For The Statistical Neural Network With Application To Naira-Dollar Exchange Rate Efficiency: A Bootstrap Approach, Christopher Godwin Udomboso Dr, Francisco U. Saliu Dec 2016

On Building Inference For The Statistical Neural Network With Application To Naira-Dollar Exchange Rate Efficiency: A Bootstrap Approach, Christopher Godwin Udomboso Dr, Francisco U. Saliu

CBN Journal of Applied Statistics (JAS)

In this study, we developed an inference procedure for the neural network using the bootstrap approach, and applied it to the market efficiency of the Nigerian exchange rate. Data used are exchange rate values from 2001 to 2015. We conducted a test on the market efficiency hypothesis, including test for relevance of individual and joint network inputs using method of partial derivative. The network architecture used is the multilayer perceptron. A valid statistical inference based on the estimated Statistical Neural Network was conducted using a well-known statistical resampling technique. Test of hypothesis that input or groups of inputs are relevant …

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Modelling Nigerian Banks’ Share Prices Using Smooth Transition Garch Models, Olaoluwa S. Yaya, Damola M. Akinlana, Olanrewaju I. Shittu Dec 2016

Modelling Nigerian Banks’ Share Prices Using Smooth Transition Garch Models, Olaoluwa S. Yaya, Damola M. Akinlana, Olanrewaju I. Shittu

CBN Journal of Applied Statistics (JAS)

This paper examined the application of nonlinear Smooth Transition-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ST-GARCH) model of Hagerud on prices of banks’ shares in Nigeria. The methodology is informed by the failure of the conventional GARCH model to capture the asymmetric properties of the banks’ daily share prices. The asymmetry and non-linearity in the model dynamics make it useful for generating nonlinear conditional variance series. From the empirical analysis, we obtained the conditional volatility of each bank’s share price return. The highest volatility persistence was observed in Bank 6, while Bank 12 had the least volatility. Evidently, about 25% of the investigated …

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Modelling Volatility Of The Exchange Rate Of The Naira To Major Currencies, Reuben O. David, Hussaini G. Dikko, Shehu U. Gulumbe Dec 2016

Modelling Volatility Of The Exchange Rate Of The Naira To Major Currencies, Reuben O. David, Hussaini G. Dikko, Shehu U. Gulumbe

CBN Journal of Applied Statistics (JAS)

The exchange rate between the Naira and other currencies has continued to witness variability with depreciation. This variability makes it difficult to predict returns. Against this background, this paper examines the naira exchange rate vis-a-vis four other currencies. The impact of exogenous variables in modelling volatility is considered using both the GARCH (1,1) and its asymmetric variants. Three of the four returns series showed heteroscedasticity. The results of the fitted models indicate that the majority of the parameters are significant and that volatility is quite persistent. Furthermore, the results of the asymmetric model indicate different impacts for both negative and …

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Spatial Variation In Germination Of Two Annual Brome Species In The Northern Great Plains, Erin K. Espeland, Jane M. Mangold, Natalie M. West Dec 2016

Spatial Variation In Germination Of Two Annual Brome Species In The Northern Great Plains, Erin K. Espeland, Jane M. Mangold, Natalie M. West

The Prairie Naturalist

Downy brome or cheat grass (Bromus tectorum L.) and field brome (B. arvensis L.; Synonym = Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murr.; Japanese brome) are two annual exotic species that have increased the intensity and frequency of fire cycles in the Intermountain West of the United States, with millions of dollars in associated costs (DiTomaso 2000). These invasive brome species have a different impact in the Northern Great Plains of North America where they commonly co-occur in disturbed sites (White and Currie 1983, Haferkamp et al. 1993). In these mixed-grass prairie rangelands, annual bromes compete against other forage species …

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Review Of Waterfowl Of North America, Europe, And Asia: An Identification Guide By Sébastien Reeber, William L. Hohman Dec 2016

Review Of Waterfowl Of North America, Europe, And Asia: An Identification Guide By Sébastien Reeber, William L. Hohman

The Prairie Naturalist

Ducks, geese and swans (Family Anatidae) are the most popular and best studied group of birds in the world. The group has been the subject of classical books by Kortright (1942), Delacour (1954-1964), Bellrose (1976), Palmer (1976), Johnsgard (1978), and, most recently, Kear (2005) and Baldassarre (2014). The latest contribution to this rich legacy is an impressively illustrated identification guide for waterfowl found in North America, Europe and Asia by author and artist, Sébastien Reeber. This is an English-language version of Canards, Cygnes et Oies d’Europe, d’Asie et d’Amérique du Nord, published by Delachaux and Niestlé in late 2015. …

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Review Of Birds Of Montana By Jeffrey S. Marks, Paul Hendricks, And Daniel Casey, Scott G. Somershoe Dec 2016

Review Of Birds Of Montana By Jeffrey S. Marks, Paul Hendricks, And Daniel Casey, Scott G. Somershoe

The Prairie Naturalist

The Birds of Montana is an impressive-looking tome, that includes 659 pages, 155 color range maps, 73 illustrations of species, and 16 color photos of Montana’s habitats. Upon the first bend of the binding, the reader will quickly realize the impressive depth of detail and research that went into writing and completing this book. Although Montana is the fourth largest state, one of the least populated states, and has few “binoculars on the ground,” the state has a fascinating and extensive ornithological history. The Birds of Montana is not a field guide, but rather it is an astonishingly comprehensive reference …

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Mutual Fund Of The Minds: A Correlational Study On Education And The Economy At The State Level, Aaron Jay Bredenkamp Dec 2016

Mutual Fund Of The Minds: A Correlational Study On Education And The Economy At The State Level, Aaron Jay Bredenkamp

Student Work

During his tenure, President Barak Obama promoted education as a key to economic prosperity. However, in the post recession economy, many states reduced school funding. In Nebraska, the Governor attempted to reduce taxes for voters, while the Legislature examined how to balance the budget with a school funding formula that continually called for increased funding. Chapter One outlines this ongoing conflict between state and federal policy. Chapter Two provides a historical context of school finance policy with the state of Nebraska’s school finance history being provided in even greater detail. The indicators used to measure the economic impact of education …

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The Classic, Winter 2016-2017, Public Relations Dec 2016

The Classic, Winter 2016-2017, Public Relations

The Classic, 2010-2019

Zwemer View: Diversifying: The Work of Reconciliation; Around the Green: Excellence Affirmed; Interpretacion; Raider Days; Art in the Big Apple; New M.Ed. Director; Campus Life: A Special Student; Award-Winners; Parenthood; On the Rise; Booking It; Bridge Scholars Advance Diversity Values; SID MVP; Military-Friendly; Partners in Law; Face Value: Jennifer Rogers; Great Examples: Junko (Hirasawa '70) Nagao, Glenn Van Ekeren '74, Sheila (Born '94) De Jong; Investing in the Mission: 2015-16 giving tops $5.7 million; A Place for Discovery; Red Zone: Interception; 1000 Words: A Day in the Life; No Limits: Alumni help impoverished Romanian youth reach higher; A Real Classic; …

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Technology Integration And Student Learning Motivation, Blake A. Wieking Dec 2016

Technology Integration And Student Learning Motivation, Blake A. Wieking

Master's Theses & Capstone Projects

The purpose of this action research project was to determine if there is a correlation between the use of technology in the seventh grade social studies classroom and the motivation for learning. A combination of technology enriched lessons and traditional textbook and pencil lessons were used over a period of nearly two months. Data was collected through quantitative surveys and qualitative observations and responses from students. Analysis of the data collected suggests that student motivation and joy of learning increases as technology is used in the classroom. Traditional methods of instruction were not recorded as memorable or motivational for most …

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Effective Physical Education Professional Development, Caleb Van Otterloo Dec 2016

Effective Physical Education Professional Development, Caleb Van Otterloo

Master's Theses & Capstone Projects

This literature review explores how to create an effective professional development (PD) system for Physical Education (PE) teachers. The review begins by discussing Personal Learning Networks (PLNs), and the impact that they have on professional development. PLNs provide teachers with an opportunity to completely personalize their PD through Twitter, Facebook, and various other blogs. PD in schools is a huge aspect of the professional development process. Allowing time for content specific PD means teachers can analyze strategies and ideas that work for their content areas. Workshops provide teachers with the opportunity to learn from experts and continue to strive to …

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Social Interaction In Preschool Children With Special Needs: An Action Research Project, Dawn M. Kramer Dec 2016

Social Interaction In Preschool Children With Special Needs: An Action Research Project, Dawn M. Kramer

Master's Theses & Capstone Projects

The purpose of this research was to discover if the amount of social interaction happening in an inclusive preschool setting between students with special needs and typically developing peers could be increased by adding simple interventions into daily classroom routines. Participants included four children, one girl and three boys, being served by an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) in a regular preschool classroom. Identified needs include communication, behavior, social skills, and academics. After initial data collection, social interaction interventions were implemented during routine daily activities. The results concluded that social interaction between students with special needs and typical peers can be …

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Expectation-Centered Analytics For Instructors And Students, Suzanne L. Dazo Dec 2016

Expectation-Centered Analytics For Instructors And Students, Suzanne L. Dazo

Student Work

Learning analytics is the measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of data about learners and their contexts. An outcome and primary goal of learning analytics should be to inform instructors, who are primary stakeholders, so that they can make effective decisions in their courses. To support instructor inquiry, I apply theory on reflective practice to learning analytic development. Articulating an instructor's pedagogical expectations is one way to begin facilitating a reflective practice. Expectations based on instructor goals serve as a natural next step and the springboard from which data can be collected. I hypothesize that a learning analytic that encodes and …

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Myth Or Reality? Crowdsourcing As A Complex Problemsolving Model: Evidence From Software Developed By The Crowd And Professionals, Abhishek Tripathi Dec 2016

Myth Or Reality? Crowdsourcing As A Complex Problemsolving Model: Evidence From Software Developed By The Crowd And Professionals, Abhishek Tripathi

Student Work

Crowdsourcing is a problem-solving model. Conventional theory suggests that solving complex problems is a province of professionals, people with sufficient knowledge about the domain. Prior literature indicated that the crowd is also a great source for solving complex problems. However, there is a lack of experimental research to support that crowdsourcing is a useful model for complex problem-solving (CPS), especially in the software development context. The broad goal of this dissertation is to address this research gap and improve understanding of crowdsourcing as a viable and effective CPS model. This research proposed and tested a research model of perceived quality …

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Building Background To Improve Understanding Among English Language Learners, Sara Burmakow Dec 2016

Building Background To Improve Understanding Among English Language Learners, Sara Burmakow

Master's Theses & Capstone Projects

Over the past several years, there has been an increase in the number of English Language Learners (ELL) within the regular classroom setting. Often times, these students know little to no English before walking into the classroom and are expected to learn the same as other students in the classroom. As students learn, they connect new information to previous information naturally. When students lack this background knowledge they have a difficult time making those connections. One way to prevent this from happening is helping build background with the students in the regular classroom setting. Throughout the study, ELLs were worked …

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Selection Of Efficient Taq Dna Polymerase To Optimize T-Dna Genotyping Method For Rapid Detection Of Mutant Arabidopsis Thaliana Plants, Inna B. Chastukhina, Liliia R. Nigmatullina, Lia R. Valeeva, Eugene V. Shakirov Dec 2016

Selection Of Efficient Taq Dna Polymerase To Optimize T-Dna Genotyping Method For Rapid Detection Of Mutant Arabidopsis Thaliana Plants, Inna B. Chastukhina, Liliia R. Nigmatullina, Lia R. Valeeva, Eugene V. Shakirov

Biological Sciences Faculty Research

Plants harbor homologues of various animal genes involved in phosphorus metabolism, telomere biology and other cellular processes. Compared to experiments with many other multicellular organisms, research in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana takes advantage of short generation time and an ever increasing arsenal of genetic and transgenic tools, including large collections of T-DNA knockout and activation lines. The availability of thousands of publicly available transgenic Arabidopsis lines provides a unique opportunity to address a number of important biological questions. However, identification of individual T-DNA mutant plants from a pool of seeds provided by a biological stock distribution center remains a …

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Forest Ecosystems Of Temperate Climatic Regions: From Ancient Use To Climate Change, Frank S. Gilliam Dec 2016

Forest Ecosystems Of Temperate Climatic Regions: From Ancient Use To Climate Change, Frank S. Gilliam

Biological Sciences Faculty Research

Humans have long utilized resources from all forest biomes, but the most indelible anthropogenic signature has been the expanse of human populations in temperate forests. The purpose of this review is to bring into focus the diverse forests of the temperate region of the biosphere, including those of hardwood, conifer and mixed dominance, with a particular emphasis on crucial challenges for the future of these forested areas. Implicit in the term ‘temperate’ is that the predominant climate of these forest regions has distinct cyclic, seasonal changes involving periods of growth and dormancy. The specific temporal patterns of seasonal change, however, …

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Cucurbit[7]Uril-Tetramethylrhodamine Conjugate For Direct Sensing And Cellular Imaging, Andrew T. Bockus, Lauren C. Smith, Amy G. Grice, Omar A. Ali, Carolyn C. Young, William Mobley, Ashley Leek, James Lewis Roberts, Brittany Vinciguerra, Lyle D. Isaacs, Adam R. Urbach Dec 2016

Cucurbit[7]Uril-Tetramethylrhodamine Conjugate For Direct Sensing And Cellular Imaging, Andrew T. Bockus, Lauren C. Smith, Amy G. Grice, Omar A. Ali, Carolyn C. Young, William Mobley, Ashley Leek, James Lewis Roberts, Brittany Vinciguerra, Lyle D. Isaacs, Adam R. Urbach

Chemistry Faculty Research

This paper describes the design and synthesis of a conjugate (Q7R) comprising the synthetic host cucurbit[7]uril (Q7) linked to the fluorescent dye tetramethylrhodamine (TMR), and the characterization of its optical and guest-binding properties as well as its cellular uptake. Q7R was synthesized in two steps from monofunctionalized azidobutyl-Q7 and NHS-activated TMR. The fluorescence of Q7R is quenched upon guest binding, and this observable was used to determine equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) values. Unexpectedly, the Kd values for guests binding to Q7R and to unmodified Q7 were essentially identical. Therefore, Q7R can directly report binding to Q7 without …

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Human And Asinine Postures In Apuleius’ Golden Ass, Timothy M. O'Sullivan Dec 2016

Human And Asinine Postures In Apuleius’ Golden Ass, Timothy M. O'Sullivan

Classical Studies Faculty Research

This article examines the ways in which Apuleius’ Metamorphoses thematizes the contrast between the prone posture of the ass and the upright posture of the human. A long philosophical tradition, starting with Plato and Xenophon, argued that the human body was especially constructed for celestial contemplation, while the quadruped body was more suited for baser activities such as eating and sex. Physical posture thus becomes another way for Apuleius to emphasize the “unphilosophical” nature of Lucius-as-ass. Moreover, in Book 11, numerous references to celestial contemplation give the theme an ironic climax. Apuleius uses these celestial allusions, I argue, as further …

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Introduction To Educating Youth For Civic Life And Civic Virtue, Paul Wangemann Dec 2016

Introduction To Educating Youth For Civic Life And Civic Virtue, Paul Wangemann

Brigham Young University-Public School Partnership Occasional Papers

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Excess Nitrogen On Biogeochemistry Of A Temperate Hardwood Forest: Evidence Of Nutrient Redistribution By A Forest Understory Species, Frank S. Gilliam, Jake H. Billmyer, Christopher A. Walter, William T. Peterjohn Dec 2016

Effects Of Excess Nitrogen On Biogeochemistry Of A Temperate Hardwood Forest: Evidence Of Nutrient Redistribution By A Forest Understory Species, Frank S. Gilliam, Jake H. Billmyer, Christopher A. Walter, William T. Peterjohn

Biological Sciences Faculty Research

Excess nitrogen (N) in terrestrial ecosystems can arise from anthropogenically-increased atmospheric N deposition, a phenomenon common in eastern US forests. In spite of decreased N emissions over recent years, atmospheric concentrations of reactive N remain high in areas within this region. Excess N in forests has been shown to alter biogeochemical cycling of essential plant nutrients primarily via enhanced production and leaching of nitrate, which leads to loss of base cations from the soil. The purpose of our study was to investigate this phenomenon using a multifaceted approach to examine foliar nutrients of two herbaceous layer species in one N-treated …

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Secondary Metabolites And Antioxidant Activity Of Methanol Extract Of Castanopsis Costata Leaves, Maulana Y. Alkandahri, Leo Nisriadi, Emil Salim Dec 2016

Secondary Metabolites And Antioxidant Activity Of Methanol Extract Of Castanopsis Costata Leaves, Maulana Y. Alkandahri, Leo Nisriadi, Emil Salim

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

Castanopsis costata (C.costata) leaves were empirically used by people in North Sumatera, Indonesia, as an antioxidant dietary supplement. However, its pharmacological effect has not been scientifically explored. The purpose of this study was to identify the secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity of C. costata. The leaves were cold extracted with methanol. The secondary metabolites were determined using thin layer chromatography. Its antioxidant activity was investigated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results showed that methanol extract of C. costata leaves consisted of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, anthraquinone glycosides, tannins and triterpenoids. The methanol extract of C. costata leaves showed comparable antioxidant activity …

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Diabetes Patients Perceptions On Drugs Consultation Program By Pharmacists, Indonesian Air Force Pharmaceutical Institution, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, Budi Sumaryono, Moelyono Moektiwardoyo, Ari Yulianto Dec 2016

Diabetes Patients Perceptions On Drugs Consultation Program By Pharmacists, Indonesian Air Force Pharmaceutical Institution, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, Budi Sumaryono, Moelyono Moektiwardoyo, Ari Yulianto

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

No abstract provided.

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Review Of Making All Things New: Catholicity, Cosmology, Consciousness By Ilia Delio, Jame Schaefer Dec 2016

Review Of Making All Things New: Catholicity, Cosmology, Consciousness By Ilia Delio, Jame Schaefer

Theology Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Role Of The Moral Theologian In The Church: A Proposal In Light Of Amoris Laetitia, Conor M. Kelly Dec 2016

The Role Of The Moral Theologian In The Church: A Proposal In Light Of Amoris Laetitia, Conor M. Kelly

Theology Faculty Research and Publications

Pope Francis’s apostolic exhortation Amoris Laetitia recast pastoral decisions in terms of conscience and discernment and asked moral theology to do the same. Such a request invites reforms for moral theology, requiring a shift from the traditional role of the moral theologian as an external judge to a more personalist role as a counselor for conscience. This change entails prioritizing the process of discernment ahead of the definition of rules, specifying the place of the ideal in Catholic morality, and attending to the ethics of ordinary life.

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December 2016 Commencement Program, Bowling Green State University Dec 2016

December 2016 Commencement Program, Bowling Green State University

Commencement Programs

No abstract provided.

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