Digital Commons Network^™

Involvement Patterns Of Campus Recreation Employees, Justin Fletcher

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the patterns of involvement exhibited by student employees employed by Ashland University Department of Recreational Services during the 2015-2016 academic year. In addition to examining the involvement patterns, the study also examined any links between involvement in specific areas of employment and involvement in other areas on campus. These links of involvement and the amount of involvement were also examined in connection with the satisfaction of different areas of campus, leading to understand the level of satisfaction with the subjects collegiate experience.

The gap in research had not examined the demographics of …

An Experimental And Theoretical Study Of Ã2A"Π–X~2A' Band System Of The Jet-Cooled Hbbr/Dbbr Free Radical, Mohammed Gharaibeh, Dennis J. Clouthier, Riccardo Tarroni

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The electronic spectra of the HBBr and DBBr free radicals have been studied in depth. These species were prepared in a pulsed electric discharge jet using a precursor mixture of BBr₃ vapor and H₂ or D₂ in high pressure argon. Transitions to the electronic excited state of the jet-cooled radicals were probed with laser-induced fluorescence and the ground state energy levels were measured from the single vibronic level emission spectra. HBBr has an extensive band system in the red which involves a linear-bent transition between the two Renner-Teller components of what would be a ²Π state …

Oviposition And Sex Ratio Of The Redbanded Stink Bug, Piezodorous Guildinii, In Soybean, Joshua H. Temple, Jeffrey A. Davis, Jarrod T. Hardke, Paul P. Price, B. Rogers Leonard

Faculty Publications

Redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood), is a significant soybean pest across the mid-south region of the United States. The objectives of these studies were to characterize: (1) redbanded stink bug oviposition in relationship to soybean maturity group (MG), plant structure, crop phenology, and vertical distribution within the plant canopy; and (2) redbanded stink bug adult sex ratios in relationship to soybean phenology. A total of 5645 redbanded stink bug eggs in 421 egg masses (clusters) were field collected from naturally-occurring populations in MG IV and V soybean over a three year period (2009 to 2011). The mean number of …

Chancellor's Report 2016-06, Richard Caulfield

Chancellor's Report

No abstract provided.

Conceptualization And Application Of The Alaska Thermokarst Model, W. Robert Bolton, Mark Lara, Helene Genet, Vladimir Romanovsky, A. David Mcguire

Research Posters

Thermokarst topography forms whenever ice-rich permafrost thaws and the ground subsides due to the volume loss when ground ice transitions to water. The Alaska Thermokarst Model (ATM) is a large- scale, state-and-transition model designed to simulate transitions between landscape units affected by thermokarst disturbance. The ATM uses a frame-based methodology to track transitions and proportion of cohorts within a 1-km2 grid cell. In the arctic tundra environment, the ATM tracks thermokarst-related transitions among wetland tundra, graminoid tundra, shrub tundra, and thermokarst lakes. In the boreal forest environment, the ATM tracks transitions among forested permafrost plateau, thermokarst lakes, collapse scar fens …

The Parthenon, June 17, 2016, Lexi Browning

The Parthenon

The Parthenon, Marshall University’s student newspaper, was published by students Monday through Friday during the regular semester and weekly on Fridays during the summer. Due to budgetary constraints, beginning with the 2015 Fall semester, the newspaper is only published four days a week. There is no issue on Mondays, physical issues are printed on Tuesdays and Fridays, and online issues only are published on Wednesdays and Thursdays. The editorial staff is responsible for the news and the editorial content.

Synthesis And Biological Activity Of Novel Quorum Sensing Compounds, Joseph Nicholas Capilato

Theses and Dissertations

Bacteria communicate with chemical signals in a process known as quorum sensing. This population density-dependent process involves the bacterial production, release and detection of structurally specific small molecules and enables the bacterial pathogen to regulate its virulence on a population-wide level. Using a variety of chemical and biological techniques, I have studied various quorum sensing systems in several bacteria, including Vibrio cholera and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A key principle of this research involves the design, synthesis and testing of novel compounds for their biological activity. These molecules are typically based off of an initial lead target, which is often identified …

Crystal Structure Of Di-Aqua-Bis-(7-Di-Ehtyl-Amino-3-Formyl-2-Oxo-2h-Chromen-4-Olato-Κ(2) O (3), O (4))Zinc(Ii) Dimethyl Sulfoxide Disolvate, Aaron B. Davis, Frank R. Fronczek, Karl J. Wallace

Faculty Publications

The structure of the title coordination complex, [Zn(C₁₄H₁₄NO₄)₂(H₂O)₂]·2C₂H₆OS, shows that the Zn^II cation adopts an octa­hedral geometry and lies on an inversion center. Two organic ligands occupy the equatorial positions of the coordination sphere, forming a chelate ring motif via the O atom on the formyl group and another O atom of the carbonyl group (a pseudo--diketone motif). Two water mol­ecules occupy the remaining coordination sites of the Zn^II cation in the axial positions. The water mol­ecules are each hydrogen bonded to …

Experience – A Central Concept In Design And Its Roots In The History Of Science, Johannes Uhlmann, Christian Wölfel, Jens Krzywinski

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper traces the roots of theories on experience and experiencing in the history of science of the 19th and 20th century. From the concepts of Wilhelm Dilthey (1833–1911) and others, a phenomenological model of experiencing has been derived for industrial design around 1990, which is to be published internationally for the first time in this paper. From a current view, this model does not provide new opportunities on designing or evaluating user experience. However, it can be used to bridge theories and findings from the late 19th and early 20th century with current models of user experience, which are …

Aesthetics, Cosmopolitics And Design Futures In Computational Fashion, Laura Forlano

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper engages the productive encounters between science and technology studies (STS) and design – and, in particular, aesthetics, comopolitics and design futures -- through an account of participation in a computational fashion project. Computational fashion is an important and rich site of research for a number of pressing STS concerns related to hybridity, materiality, knowledge-building and publics because of the ways in which issues of labor and gender are situated. Through collaboration and participation in the process of conceptualizing and using digital tools to design a 3D printed garment, it is possible to work out relationships between the digital …

Extracting Design Aesthetic Heuristics From Scientific Literature, Ana Cadavid, Stefany Ruiz-Córdoba, Jorge Maya

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Product aesthetics is affected by around 50 variables. These variables interact to shape the user’s aesthetic feeling. During the aesthetic design (AED), the designer only use their intuition and is not aware of most of these variables, taking into account some Gestalt laws and absolute standards of beauty (Golden Proportion). Due to the complex nature of AED, a heuristic approach seems the most appropriate to support this task. This paper describes a method for Aesthetic heuristics extraction from Scientific Literature comprising a protocol for literature selection, extraction and classification of the heuristics. The extraction method is in turn based on …

Product-Service Systems Or Service Design ‘By- Products’? A Systems Thinking Approach, John Darzentas, Jenny Darzentas

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Service Design has developed, in the last two decades, to be an autonomous multi/interdisciplinary paradigm of a complex domain affecting Design Thinking. Product-Service Systems (PSS) is a representative model of designing through services related to existing products. Terms such as ‘servitising’ are used to declare that, for instance, inventing and adding services based around existing products will increase the value of any related intervention. This paper posits that Service Design should follow a Systems Thinking approach, without the presupposition of related products, allowing for these products to emerge as ‘by- products’ of the process. It is also claimed that, in …

Design For Sustainability: An Evolutionary Review, Fabrizio Ceschin, Idil Gaziulusoy

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In this paper we explore the evolution of response from design discipline to sustainability issues. Following a quasi-chronological pattern, our exploration provides an overview of the Design for Sustainability (DfS) field, categorising the approaches developed in the past two decades under four innovation levels: Product, Product-Service System, Spatio-Social and Socio-Technical System. As a result of this overview, we propose an evolutionary framework and map the reviewed DfS approaches onto this framework. The proposed framework synthesizes the evolution of DfS field, showing how it has progressively expanded from a technical and product-centric focus towards large scale system level changes in which …

Designing Universities Of The Future, Anna Valtonen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

How can we reform curricula, and universities at large, through a participatory design approach? Two development processes, one from Umeå Institute of Design in Sweden and the other one from Aalto University in Finland, are shown to exemplify this. These cases are used to highlight different practices on how change is designed and executed, what the prerequisites for a successful process are, what challenges these approaches bring, and how we can develop the practice of developing universities - thorough a participatory design approach - further.

The Design Methods Movement From Optimism To Darwinism, John Z. Langrish

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The past, of course, is a foreign country with different values and practices. When the Design Research Society (DRS) was born in 1966, things were very different from now. It grew out of the Design Methods Movement (DMM), itself a product of post war optimism and belief in science-based progress. This paper is in four parts, describing: 1. The post-war optimism of the 1950s; 2. The DMM and its role in the formation of the DRS; 3. The end of optimism and the replacement of belief in scientific progress by a suspicion of science and a search for alternatives; 4. …

Blending Hard And Soft Design Via Thematic Analysi, Vasilije Kokotovich, Kees Dorst

DRS Biennial Conference Series

As the world becomes increasingly complex, from both a technological perspective and a sociocultural perspective, we need to adapt our problem solving and design capacity to match these changes. This paper will compare aspects of TRIZ and the emergent Frame Creation methodology as examples of design-based problem solving methodologies for resolving technical and sociocultural problems. We argue that while on the surface TRIZ and Frame Creation merely appear to diverge, a close analysis reveals noteworthy similarities, such as the drawing upon core attributes of the problem situation and building up a solution frame from first principles. We then introduce the …

Designing For Older People: But Who Is An Older Person?, Raghavendra Reddy Gudur, Alethea Blackler, Vesna Popovic, Doug Mahar

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper explores a critical aspect of designing for older people. It argues that we need a clear description of who is “an older person”. Or, when a person starts being old from middle age. Research has well established that there is greater variability in abilities among older than among younger people. This often creates problems in designing intuitive product interfaces for this target group. Intuitive design is basically about developing interfaces that reflect target users’ familiarity. However, when the target group are very diverse in their capabilities and familiarity it makes is extremely difficult to design intuitive interfaces. Our …

Introduction: Embodied Making And Learning, Marte S. Gulliksen, Camilla Groth, Maarit Mäkelä, Pirita Seitamaa-Hakkarainen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

No abstract provided.

Probing The Future By Anticipative Design Acts, Annelies De Smet, Nel Janssens

DRS Biennial Conference Series

We discuss anticipation as a particular type of future focused thinking. Based on our own design and research practices we position the anticipative mode of thinking and acting in relation to design approaches that are oriented towards qualities of becoming and sense-making. We argue that the act of anticipation in a design context holds the aspect of making artefacts that create openings in the fuzzy reality and act as imaginative probing instruments in the complexity of continuously evolving transformation processes as they occur in our research field: the field of urbanity. In this context, we feel that developing tactics of …

A Comparison Between Colour Preference And Colour Harmony – Taking Athletic Shoe Design As An Example, Li -Chen Ou

DRS Biennial Conference Series

A psychophysical experiment was conducted using athletic shoes as an example to study colour preference and colour harmony. A total of 404 test images were generated from two original shoe images, one from Nike and the other from Adidas, each manipulated by varying the two-colour combination of the shoe design, including the main colour of the shoe and the logo colour. Twenty observers participated in the experiment. Each observer was asked to rate the shoe images using two semantic scales: like/dislike and harmonious/disharmonious. The experimental results show that the colour preference rating relied strongly on the main colour of the …

The Prototype As A Cosmopolitical Place: Ethnographic Design Practice And Research At The National Zoo In Santiago, Chile, Pablo Hermansen, José Neira

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This article presents an empirical reflection about the design of prototypes and the individualization of some animals at the National Zoo in Santiago, Chile. Using the material produced by design students, we describe how the process of prototyping contributes to singularize those animals, therefore becoming a cosmopolitical device. The environmental enrichment for chimpanzees case will demonstrate how prototyping displays a truly ontological vocation, establishing open processes of dialogue and experimentation. Its provisional, malleable and fragile nature turns the prototype into a locus for inquiry and exploration; its cosmopolitical qualities derived from its many forms of ontological diplomacy: instead of stabilizing …

Why Making Matters—Developing An Interdisciplinary Research Project On How Embodied Making May Contribute To Learning, Marte S. Gulliksen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper presents an ongoing project to develop a future study of embodied making, particularly when carving green wood. Making activities such as woodcarving have been studied using phenomenological, experiential, observational, analytical, and reflective methodologies, among others. These studies have documented many aspects of embodied making and its consequences for the person, product, and process. Neuroscientific methods have recently generated knowledge on the anatomical and functional aspects of embodied making. The project is built on the assumption that it is possible to develop an interdisciplinary study combining these different methods, with the potential to confirm and expand current knowledge on …

I Know This One, But The Answer Is Complex..., Simon Downs

DRS Biennial Conference Series

There is a seductive logic in Abelson's 1979 paper Differences between belief and knowledge systems. This seduction comes in the form of an implicit promise that the formulation of a working epistemological address to the problems raised in the paper will give us a toolset that will blow away the fog of belief from the human landscape. This paper proposes that the very dynamism that makes the human landscape a swamp of wicked problems makes Abelson's conjecture – however true they may be on a meta scale – an unproductive addition to the designers toolbox. It proposes that middle-range theories …

The Structure Of Design Processes: Ideal And Reality In Bruce Archer’S 1968 Doctoral Thesis, Stephen Boyd Davis, Simone Gristwood

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The paper centres on a single document, the 1968 doctoral thesis of L Bruce Archer. It traces the author’s earlier publications and the sources that informed and inspired his thinking, as a way of understanding the trajectory of his ideas and the motivations for his work at the Royal College of Art from 1962. Analysis of the thesis suggests that Archer’s ambition for a rigorous “science of design” inspired by algorithmic approaches was increasingly threatened with disruption by his experience of large, complex design projects. His attempts to deal with this problem are shown to involve a particular interpretation of …

Responsibility In Design: Applying The Philosophy Of Gilbert Simondon, Sander Mulder

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The notion of technical mentality and transductive reasoning described by the French philosopher Gilbert Simondon is applied on a concrete design case in order to investigate responsibility and design. The design case relates to the development of a portable artificial kidney. The historic invention of the artificial kidney is woven into the philosophy of Simondon in order to mobilize his work. For designers, the risk of reduction is at stake when applying the technical mentality to domains beyond the technical such as the psycho-social. This risk can be avoided by transductive reasoning, i.e. reasoning by means of analogy, but this …

Space As A Becoming Fresh Water Expo Pavilion As A Creative Practice For An Architecture To Come, Emine Görgül

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In relation to the affective introduction of the post-structuralist paradigm particularly the Deleuzeian discourse to the agenda of architectural theory and praxis, as well as the rising influence of digitalization and its immense penetration into even everyday life, the last decade of the 20th Century addressed to a critical threshold in the successive transformation process of the spatiality in its long-term run. So, by interacting with the Deleuzeian Philosophy and their notions like lines of forces, folding, becoming, smooth space, territory, spatium, this article aims to reveal the relevance of these notions in architectural discourse, as well as discusses the …

Juxtaposing Chinese And Western Representational Principles: New Design Methods For Information Graphics In The Field Of Intercultural Communication, Ruedi Baur, Ulrike Felsing

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This article examines knowledge graphics from the Chinese and Western cultures, which, in the course of globalization, are being increasingly loosened from their original cultural references. If it is assumed that at most pictographs, but not complex graphics, are universally understandable, “visual translations” must be developed for knowledge graphics if we are to transfer them into another cultural reference system. Using the example of a widespread graphic form-the tree diagram-the research presented here will explain specific representational principles and the cultural concepts on which they are based. Here, on the visible surface, formal correlations can indeed be observed. However, if …

Word To Image – Image To Word The Contribution Of Visual Communication To Understanding And Dialog, Michael Renner

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Translation, understood as an interpretation of experience, opens a broad field of inquiry into a variety of disciplines. Hans-Georg Gadder’s description of hermeneutics as a language-based methodology to develop understanding, insight, and agreement within a group, serves as the starting point to analyze the practice of visual communication as a form of interpretation, negotiation, and insight. In a first step, the paper discusses the process of drawing and its relationship to interpretation. The classification of drawing as a gestural activity establishes a link to recent anthropological theories, which see gestures as precursors of the human language. Through an analysis of …

Antiviral Rna Silencing Suppression Activity Of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Nss Protein, Tania Ocampo Ocampo, Sergio M. Gabriel Peralta, Nicole Bacheller, Stella Uiterwaal, Aaron Knapp, Alanna Hennen, Daniel Leobardo Ochoa-Martínez, Hernan Garcia-Ruiz

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

In addition to regulating gene expression, RNA silencing is an essential antiviral defense system in plants. Triggered by double-stranded RNA, silencing results in degradation or translational repression of target transcripts. Viruses are inducers and targets of RNA silencing. To condition susceptibility, most plant viruses encode silencing suppressors that interfere with this process, such as the Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) NSs protein. The mechanism by which NSs suppresses RNA silencing and its role in viral infection and movement remain to be determined. We cloned NSs from the Hawaii isolate of TSWV and using two independent assays show for the first …

Design As Translation Activity: A Semiotic Overview, Salvatore Zingale

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The paper originates from the following question: can the design activity, intended as an inventive and project-making activity, also be viewed as a form of translation? To answer such a question we are compelled to overcome a paradox, because design does not involve a transfer from a source text from which it translates. Design generally acts like a translator and interpreter of social needs that previously existed as unstructured, non-textual, open-ended entities, thus exposed to uncertainty and incoherence and striving through design to acquire a proper structure, i.e., a textual form. From the extensive literature on the subject in semiotics …