Digital Commons Network^™

Ocean Acidification: The Other Co2 Problem?, Scott C. Doney, Victoria J. Fabry, Richard A. Feely, Joan A. Kleypas

Washington Journal of Environmental Law & Policy

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂), primarily from human fossil fuel combustion, reduces ocean pH and causes wholesale shifts in seawater carbonate chemistry. The process of ocean acidification is well documented in field data, and the rate will accelerate over this century unless future CO₂ emissions are curbed dramatically. Acidification alters seawater chemical speciation and biogeochemical cycles of many elements and compounds. One well-known effect is the lowering of calcium carbonate saturation states, which impacts shell-forming marine organisms from plankton to benthic molluscs, echinoderms, and corals. Many calcifying species exhibit reduced calcification and growth rates in laboratory experiments …

Ocean Acidification: Legal And Policy Responses To Address Climate Change's Evil Twin, Eric V. Hull

Washington Journal of Environmental Law & Policy

Much attention has been devoted to the problem of global climate change, but the effects of carbon dioxide on the world’s oceans has been largely underappreciated. Oceanic absorption of carbon dioxide is working fundamental changes on ocean chemistry, increasing the acidity of the oceans, and threatening the stability of the oceans’ ecosystems. The United States has responded to these emergent threats with a policy agenda heavily oriented toward data production, but light on action that might reverse the course of ocean acidification. This Article contends that this policy approach is ill-suited to the known risks of intensifying ocean acidification. The …

"Fed" Up With Acidification: "Trusting" The Federal Government To Protect The Tulalip Tribes' Access To Shellfish Beds, Jacqueline M. Bertelsen

Washington Journal of Environmental Law & Policy

Part I of this paper discusses the threat ocean acidification poses to the Tulalip Tribes’ ability to practice and preserve its way of life. Part II examines the laws and legal structures, especially the Clean Water Act, that can simultaneously protect the Tulalip Tribes’ right to harvest shellfish at “usual and accustomed” shellfish beds and the health of Puget Sound’s waters as a whole. Finally, Part III proposes actions that can be taken at the state, tribal, and federal levels. First, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should develop criteria and water quality standards relevant to ocean acidification that can be …

Using The Clean Water Act To Tackle Ocean Acidification: When Carbon Dioxide Pollutes The Oceans, Miyoko Sakashita

Washington Journal of Environmental Law & Policy

Carbon dioxide is an invisible pollutant that threatens water quality and entire marine ecosystems. The oceans absorb carbon pollution from the atmosphere, which reacts with seawater causing it to become more acidic. Ocean acidification impairs the growth, survival and reproduction of marine animals, and if unabated will massively disrupt entire ecosystems. One of the most powerful tools that we have to combat ocean acidification is the Clean Water Act—a law that has successfully solved difficult water pollution problems for decades. This article will discuss how the Clean Water Act can be leveraged to address ocean acidification and to protect our …

Ten Ways States Can Combat Ocean Acidification (And Why They Should), Ryan P. Kelly, Margaret R. Caldwell

Washington Journal of Environmental Law & Policy

The ocean is becoming more acidic worldwide as a result of increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (“CO₂”) and other pollutants. This fundamental change is likely to have substantial ecological and economic consequences globally. In this Article, we provide a toolbox for understanding and addressing the drivers of ocean acidification. We begin with an overview of the relevant science, highlighting known causes of chemical change in the coastal ocean. Because of the difficulties associated with controlling diffuse atmospheric pollutants such as CO₂, we then focus on controlling smaller-scale agents of acidification, discussing ten legal and policy …

The Revival Of Climate Change Science In U.S. Courts, William H. Rodgers Jr., Andrea K. Rodgers

Washington Journal of Environmental Law & Policy

Science never has been the obstacle to the recognition of climate change. Since Arhennius did his original calculations in 1896, the scientific world was quite aware of the prospect that industrial-age levels of carbon dioxide pollution would result in increasing global temperatures and acidification of the world’s oceans. The brilliant—and striking—graphical display that we know today as the Keeling Curve started in 1957, and year after year it records the relentless upward march of these atmospheric pollutant loadings. Through the years, necessarily, a vast number of scientific warnings, publications, findings, and predictions would be offered to the public at large, …

Atmospheric Trust Litigation And The Constitutional Right To A Healthy Climate System: Judicial Recognition At Last, Mary Christina Wood, Charles W. Woodward Iv

Washington Journal of Environmental Law & Policy

This Article spotlights a recent Washington case, Foster v. Washington Department of Ecology, which breaks new judicial ground in forcing governments to control dangerous GHG emissions. The case is part of an urgent global litigation campaign known as Atmospheric Trust Litigation (ATL). The Article begins by summarizing the actions deemed necessary by scientists to avert climate catastrophe, and describes the ATL campaign that formed in response. Part II explains the public trust framework, which provides the legal foundation for this climate litigation. Part III examines the three stages of atmospheric trust cases and describes the litigation up until the …

Small Packages, Big Returns: Uncovering The Venom Diversity Of Small Inverebrate Conoidean Snails, J. Gorson, M. Holford

Publications and Research

Venomous organisms used in research were historically chosen based on size and availability. This opportunity-driven strategy created a species bias in which snakes, scorpions, and spiders became the primary subjects of venom research. Increasing technological advancements have enabled interdisciplinary studies using genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics to expand venom investigation to animals that produce small amounts of venom or lack traditional venom producing organs. One group of non-traditional venomous organisms that have benefitted from the rise of -omic technologies is the Conoideans. The Conoidean superfamily of venomous marine snails includes, the Terebridae, Turridae (s.l), and Conidae. Conoidea venom is used for …

The Utah Statesman, July 2016, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Utah State University student newspaper July issue.

2016 Utah State University Student Orientation Guide, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

A special supplemental magazine provided by The Utah Statesman to take a closer look at some of the services and departments available at Utah State University.

Surrogacy And Citizenship: A Conjunctive Solution To A Global Problem, Caitlin Pyrce

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

People around the world are turning to surrogacy when they are unable to conceive by traditional means. When surrogacy turns traditional notions of parentage upside down, however, countries struggle to find efficient regulations that protect their own citizens, while still recognizing the increasingly global nature of modern society. Children born through surrogacy arrangements between Thai surrogate mothers and Australian intended parents have been confronted with the consequences of inadequate regulation. This note argues that in addition to revising surrogacy legislation to reflect the increasingly transient nature of society, countries must make mirror citizenship reform so children born through surrogacy are …

Linguafolio® Implementation At The Classroom Level: A Collective Case Study Of North Carolina Teachers, Amanda Romjue

Department of Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education: Theses and Other Student Research

LinguaFolio® is a language learning portfolio with a rich history rooted in educational research. This study explores the evolution of LinguaFolio®, a learning and self-assessment tool whose origins can be traced back to the European Language Portfolio (ELP). LinguaFolio® is a learning tool designed to promote self-regulated language learning through goal-setting, task-based language learning, and self-assessment and reflection. This study examined the implementation of LinguaFolio® by five experienced, exemplary teachers in order to better understand how LinguaFolio® can best be integrated into the language classroom.

LinguaFolio® is a highly customizable language learning portfolio that teachers are encouraged to adapt to …

You Can Dance If You Want To? Initial Interpretations Of The Bpcia’S Patent Dance With Sandoz And Amgen, Jenny M. Alsup

UC Law Science and Technology Journal

As patents covering brand-name biologics begin to expire, biosimilar manufacturers are preparing to enter the market. Since its enactment in 2010, many have speculated on how the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act will influence competition and innovation, and whether the provisions struck the right balance. Now for the first time, the judiciary is interpreting the so-called “patent dance,” the Act’s information exchange and litigation provisions, in decisions that will impact the biosimilar landscape in the years to come. Two cases involving the biologic manufacturers Sandoz and Amgen illustrate the Act’s susceptibility to different interpretations.

Development Of Organocatalytic Reactions For The Assembly Of Complex Molecules, Chenguang Yu

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Development of efficient organocatalytic reactions for the facile assembly of synthetically and medicinally useful molecules is an important task in modern organic synthesis. Towards this end, my Ph. D. study focuses on the development of novel organocatalytic reactions for the construction of structurally diverse molecular architectures. A chiral bifunctional amine thiourea as promoter has been developed as an efficient solution to a long standing challenging issue in atropo-enantioselective transesterification of the Bringmann lactones. This organocatalytic approach delivers the first highly enantioselective, high yielding dynamic kinetic resolution process for the preparation of axially chiral biaryl compounds with a broad substrate scope …

Scientific Agriculture And The Agricultural State: Farmers, Capitalism, And Government In The Late Nineteenth Century, Ariel Ron

History Faculty Publications

The history of American capitalism in the decades around the turn of the twentieth century usually focuses on labor and industry to the relative neglect of important changes in agriculture. Landmark federal policies from the Morrill Land Grant Act (1862) to the Smith-Lever Act (1914) indicate that these changes involved a tightening and self-reinforcing relationship between commercial farming and national governing power. To understand this trajectory, which contrasts markedly with the experience of business and labor, we have to consider a long-developing movement for “scientific agriculture” that allowed well-organized farmers to exert decisive influence on federal policy from about the …

Benchmarks 2016, Special Print Issue, The Rockefeller University

BenchMarks 2016

BenchMarks, 2016. Special Print Issue

The community newsletter of The Rockefeller University

Benchmarks is produced by the Office of Communications and Public Affairs of The Rockefeller University

Jefferson Digital Commons Quarterly Report: April-June 2016, Daniel G. Kipnis, Msi, Kelsey Duinkerken, Msi, James Copeland, Libt

Jefferson Digital Commons Reports

This quarterly report includes:

• TJU Archives & Special Collections Adds Content to the DPLA
• JDC Feature write-up in The Bulletin and JCIPE Newsletter
• New Dashboard with amazing metrics
• 8th Annual Faculty Day presentations
• Surgery Residents Research Day presentations
• Commencements videos
• CREATE Day Occupational therapy presentations
• Quality and Safety posters and much more
• What People are saying about the JDC

Daubert On The Brain: How New Mexico’S Daubert Standard Should Inform Its Handling Of Neuroimaging Evidence, Jason P. Kerkmans, Lynn M. Gaudet

New Mexico Law Review

Part I of this article reviews the expert evidence admissibility standard set forth in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharm., Inc. and New Mexico’s adoption of the Daubert standard in State v. Alberico.2 Part II of the article provides a summary of the framework expressed in the 2014 publication Group to Individual (G2i) Inference in Scientific Expert Testimony.3 Part III explores case law where DNA testing was considered as evidence and why the courts have concluded that DNA evidence complies with Daubert/Alberico standards. Part IV provides a summary of the use of euroimaging evidence in court and provides an overview of …

Trace Elements And Human Obesity: An Overview, Shamshad Karatela, Neil I. Ward

Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences

The human body requires certain amount of trace elements to function properly (especially those that are classified as essential to health). Most elements are co-factors in the molecular mechanisms within the body but when in excess can also cause toxicity. Concentrations of some elements in excess (above optimum) or deficient amount can progress to some types of metabolic abnormalities which could lead to obesity. Obesity is a multifactorial condition with multiple pathways including environmental, dietary, and genetic. All these factors, including elemental abnormalities can disrupt the molecular mechanisms. Whilst there is evidence that obesity causes several elemental deficiencies, there is …

Ecotourism Social Enterprise: Learning From The Global South, Jessica Bailey

Capstone Collection

Community-Based Ecotourism (CBET) in developing countries has become a popular solution to environmental, social, and economic issues. This study seeks to address how CBET models from the Global South could be implemented in the U.S. ecotourism context, using social entrepreneurship models. Research was completed through a variety of sources including academic journals and government databases, exploring the importance of ecotourism, and a comparison of ecotourism in the Global South to ecotourism in the Global North. The method for analysis was conducted through qualitative interviews with social entrepreneurs working in ecotourism in Uganda, Indonesia, Nepal, India, Costa Rica, Chile, and Brazil. …

Behavioral Responses Of Ringed And Spotted Salamanders To Diet-Related Cues From Predators, Kayla Shelton

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Multiple species of Ambystoma can sometimes coexist in ponds, often forming a prey guild. In the Ozarks, ringed salamanders (Ambystoma annulatum) can coexist with marbled salamanders (A. opacum) and spotted salamanders (A. maculatum). Ringed and marbled salamanders lay their eggs in ponds in the fall and overwinter as larvae, whereas spotted salamanders breed in the spring. Ringed and marbled salamander larvae can be cannibalistic and can prey upon larvae of the other two species. Larvae should experience increased survival if they can discriminate between predators that have recently consumed another salamander (high risk) versus those that have not (low risk). …

Personality Factors, Ideology, And Sensitivity To Change, Jahnavi Rose Delmonico

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

This study examined the potential for a predictive relationship between political conservatism and change detection. Research on the visual system has revealed a general tendency to overlook changes in a stationary scene when two versions are displayed alternately with a masking slide, known as the flicker paradigm. We examined whether political conservatism and various related measures predicted whether and how quickly changes were detected during a flicker paradigm task. Measures of interest were conservatism as measured by the Social and Economic Conservatism scale, openness as measured by the short form of the Big Five Inventory, authoritarianism as measured by the …

Endozoochorous Spread Of Nonnative Plant Species By White-Tailed Deer, Odocoileus Virginianus, Andrew Jordan Spychalla

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Movement of plant seeds can be facilitated by endozoochory in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and elk (Cervus elaphus), but at rates that are unknown in natural systems. Spread of planted forage crops into wildlands, or nonnative invasive weeds into food plots would affect ecosystem processes and management costs. To address endozoochory, collections of fecal pellets from both ungulate species were done at the Current River Conservation Area in Southeastern Missouri. Randomly chosen individual pellets collected from nine food plots were planted in a greenhouse setting. After cold stratification of pellets (2°C at 15 days), pellets were either left whole or …

Sleep Deprivation And Recovery: The Effects Of P300 Three And Six Hours Post Recovery, Kimberly A. Brauer

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

The P300 waveform is an auditory evoked potential (AEP) elicited through a decision making process. Due to the endogenous nature of the P300 response, which requires participants to actively respond to an auditory stimuli, it has been used as on objective measure to evaluate the cognitive processes of attention and memory. Previous studies have looked at the P300 before and after sleep deprivation as well as after brief rest periods. Evidence shows that a decline in P300 amplitudes and increase in latency are seen after 24 hours of sleep deprivation and improvements in the P300 are seen after a recovery …

Investigating The Relationship Between Data Displays, Rhetoric, And Reader Response In Technical Writing, Hanna Louise Landgrebe

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

This study is meant to deepen the discussion Dragga and Voss began in "Cruel Pies” by exploring the connection between data displays and their ability to evoke or suppress emotional reactions in readers. It begins with a literature review of relevant discussions in ethics and technical writing, and then describes how readers responded to a series of news excerpts—some of which were paired with data displays or photographs—both by answering Likert scale questions and by thinking aloud and responding to written, open-ended questions. Though the quantitative data collected from the Likert scales is not robust enough to make any generalizations, …

Upper Thermal Limits Of Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia, Unionoida) In Ramped Temperature Exposures, Kathryn Rae Cottrell Martin

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the upper thermal limits of unionids. Three species of juvenile freshwater mussels were tested in lab experiments mimicking a diel pattern of temperature change (increasing 6 h, peak 2 h, and decreasing 8 h). The peak temperature fatal to half of the exposed population (LT50) was tested with respect to species, population, age, and seasonal acclimation. Mortality was monitored for 2 weeks after exposure. The smallest size classes were tested in a thermal cycler instrument, a novel application for testing mussels. LT50s for juveniles less than 3 weeks old were within 2-3°;C …

Gray Bat Migration In Missouri, Cheyenne Leigh Gerdes

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Migration is an important and understudied aspect of the life histories of many species, particularly bats. Migration impacts conservation efforts, including efforts to manage the impacts of wildlife disease. The federally endangered gray bat (Myotis grisescens) is a migratory species with documented infections by Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungus that causes White-nose Syndrome (WNS). To better understand migration as it might relate to WNS, I quantified the timing and location of gray bat movements in Missouri using acoustic detectors and bat banding. I recorded calls at 4 maternity sites from January to May 2015, and used the R package PVAClone to …

Methods Of Measuring Visual Scanning Of Upright And Inverted Ecological Images, Benjamin Lee Graves

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Facial recognition has been long held as a special perceptual process at which humans excel, and is primarily a function of perceptual experience. However, there are experimental manipulations that impede this perceptual process and make it more difficult for humans to recognize the face (i.e. only presenting half a face or inverting the face). In the case of inversion, it is though that the inverted face interrupts a person's ability to process the face holistically and forces a change to featural processing. The purpose of this experiment was to examine if inversion of ecologically valid images would also impact recognition …

High Tunnel Production Of Primocane Bearing Red Raspberries In Grow Bags, Jennifer Sue Morganthaler

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Raspberries (Rubus idaeus) are a perennial crop with increasing consumer demand. While this highly perishable crop has not proven to be a commercially viable field grown crop in the Midwest, it does show increased yields when grown in a high tunnel. High tunnel construction in Missouri has increased partly due to the NRCS grant program. However, high tunnel production permanently utilizes that space. Bagged culture allows growers the ability to maximize high tunnel space and produce other annual crops, while testing the performance of the crop for their production. This 4 year trial evaluates 5 primocane bearing red raspberries cultivars …

The Selfish Law: A Memetic Study Of The Transition From Generational Morality To Individual Morality In Deuteronomy 24:16, Ezekiel 18, And Jeremiah 31:27-30, Jonathan Michael Gracza

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

The transition from generational morality to individual moral responsibility in Judah during King Josiah's time is present in Deuteronomy, Ezekiel, and Jeremiah. However, the fact that such an approach to morality would survive a period in which Assyrian, Babylonian, and Hittite cultures exerted cultural pressure on the Israelites to conform is rather astonishing. This thesis applies memetics – a theory that applies evolutionary models to cultural development – to the topic in order to gain a more in-depth understanding of the transition from generational morality to individual moral responsibility. I argue, based on the insights that an evolutionary understanding of …