Digital Commons Network^™

Mapping Marginal Croplands Suitable For Cellulosic Feedstock Crops In The Great Plains, United States, Yingxin Gu, Bruce K. Wylie

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Growing cellulosic feedstock crops (e.g., switchgrass) for biofuel is more environmentally sustainable than cornbased ethanol. Specifically, this practice can reduce soil erosion and water quality impairment from pesticides and fertilizer, improve ecosystem services and sustainability (e.g., serve as carbon sinks), and minimize impacts on global food supplies. The main goal of this study was to identify high-risk marginal croplands that are potentially suitable for growing cellulosic feedstock crops (e.g., switchgrass) in the US Great Plains (GP). Satellitederived growing season Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, a switchgrass biomass productivity map obtained from a previous study, US Geological Survey (USGS) irrigation and crop …

Evaluating Methods To Establish Habitat Suitability Criteria: A Case Study In The Upper Delaware River Basin, Usa, H. S. Galbraith, C. J. Blakeslee, J. C. Cole, C. A. Talbert, K. O. Maloney

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Defining habitat suitability criteria (HSC) of aquatic biota can be a key component to environmental flow science. HSC can be developed through numerous methods; however, few studies have evaluated the consistency of HSC developed by different methodologies. We directly compared HSC for depth and velocity developed by the Delphi method (expert opinion) and by two primary literature meta-analyses (literature- derived range and interquartile range) to assess whether these independent methods produce analogous criteria for multiple species (rainbow trout, brown trout, American shad, and shallow fast guild) and life stages. We further evaluated how these two independently developed HSC affect calculations …

Interpreting And Predicting The Spread Of Invasive Wild Pigs, Nathan P. Snow, Marta A. Jarzyna, Kurt C. Vercauteren

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

1. The eruption of invasive wild pigs (IWPs) Sus scrofa throughout the world exemplifies the need to understand the influences of exotic and nonnative species expansions. In particular, the continental USA is precariously threatened by a rapid expansion of IWPs, and a better understanding of the rate and process of spread can inform strategies that will limit the expansion.

2. We developed a spatially and temporally dynamic model to examine three decades (1982– 2012) of IWP expansion, and predict the spread of IWPs throughout the continental USA, relative to where IWPs previously inhabited. We used the model to predict where …

Urolithin A, C And D, But Not Iso-Urolithin A And Urolithin B, Attenuate Triglyceride Accumulation In Human Cultures Of Adipocytes And Hepatocytes, Inhae Kang, Yongeun Kim, Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán, Juan Carlos Espín, Soonkyu Chung

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Scope: Urolithins (Uro) are ellagic acid (EA)-derived metabolites produced by gut microbes. There is a growing interest in the biological activities of Uro. Our aim was to evaluate the impacts of Uro on regulating triglyceride (TG) accumulation using cultures of primary human adipocytes and hepatoma Huh7 cells.

Methods and Results: UroA, B, C, D, and iso-UroA, were used to determine the effect of Uro on adipogenesis and lipogenesis. Individual Uro (30 M) were added to human adipogenic stem cells (hASCs) during differentiation. UroA, C and D, but not iso-UroA and UroB, significantly inhibited new fat cell formation by decreasing TG …

Suppression Of Nlrp3 Inflammasome By Γ-Tocotrienol Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes, Yongeun Kim, Wei Wang, Meshail Okla, Inhae Kang, Regis Moreau, Soonkyu Chung

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

The Nod-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an intracellular sensor that sets off the innate immune system in response to microbial-derived and endogenous metabolic danger signals. We previously reported that γ-tocotrienol (γT3) attenuated adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity, but the underlying mechanism remained elusive. Here, we investigated the effects of γT3 on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and attendant consequences on type 2 diabetes. γT3 repressed inflammasome activation, caspase-1 cleavage, and interleukin (IL) 1β secretion in murine macrophages, implicating the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome in the anti-inflammatory and antipyroptotic properties of γT3. Furthermore, supplementation of leptin-receptor KO mice …

Effect Of Sex On Torque, Recovery, Emg, And Mmg Responses To Fatigue, E.C. Hill, Terry J. Housh, C. M. Smith, Kristen C. Cochrane, N.D.M. Jenkins, Joel T. Cramer, Richard J. Schmidt, G. O. Johnson

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effect of sex on maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque and the EMG and MMG responses as a result of fatiguing, intermittent, submaximal (65% of MVIC), isometric elbow flexion muscle contractions. Methods: Eighteen men and women performed MVIC trials before (pretest), after (posttest), and 5-min after (5-min recovery) performing 50 intermittent, submaximal isometric muscle contractions. Surface electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) signals were simultaneously recorded from the biceps brachii muscle. Results: As a result of the fatiguing workbout torque decreased similarly from pretest to posttest for both the men (24.0%) …

Combined Iron Deficiency And Low Aerobic Fitness Doubly Burden Academic Performance Among Women Attending University, Samuel P. Scott, Mary Jane Desouza, Karsten Koehler, Laura E. Murray-Kolb

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Academic success is a key determinant of future prospects for students. Cognitive functioning has been related to nutritional and physical factors. Here, we focus on iron status and aerobic fitness in young-adult female students given the high rate of iron deficiency and declines in fitness reported in this population. Objectives: We sought to explore the combined effects of iron status and fitness on academic success and to determine whether these associations are mediated by cognitive performance.

Methods: Women (n = 105) aged 18–35 y were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Data were obtained for iron biomarkers, peak oxygen …

Low Energy Availability In Exercising Men Is Associated With Reduced Leptin And Insulin But Not With Changes In Other Metabolic Hormones, Karsten Koehler, Neele R. Hoerner, Jenna C. Gibbs, Christoph Zinner, Hans Braun, Mary Jane De Souza, Wilhelm Schaenzer

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Low energy availability, defined as low caloric intake relative to exercise energy expenditure, has been linked to endocrine alterations frequently observed in chronically energy-deficient exercising women. Our goal was to determine the endocrine effects of low energy availability in exercising men. Six exercising men (V_O2peak : 49.3 ± 2.4 ml · kg⁻¹ · min⁻¹) underwent two conditions of low energy availability (15 kcal · kg⁻¹ fat-free mass [FFM] · day⁻¹) and two energy-balanced conditions (40 kcal · kg⁻¹ FFM · day⁻¹) in randomized order. During one low energy availability and …

Cranberries And Cancer: An Update Of Preclinical Studies Evaluating The Cancer Inhibitory Potential Of Cranberry And Cranberry Derived Constituents, Katherine M. Weh, Jennifer L. Clarke, Laura A. Kresty

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Cranberries are rich in bioactive constituents reported to influence a variety of health benefits, ranging from improved immune function and decreased infections to reduced cardiovascular disease and more recently cancer inhibition. A review of cranberry research targeting cancer revealed positive effects of cranberries or cranberry derived constituents against 17 different cancers utilizing a variety of in vitro techniques, whereas in vivo studies supported the inhibitory action of cranberries toward cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colon, bladder, prostate, glioblastoma and lymphoma. Mechanisms of cranberry-linked cancer inhibition include cellular death induction via apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy; reduction of cellular proliferation; alterations in …

Association Of Individual And Community Factors With C-Reactive Protein And 25-Hydroxyvitamin D: Evidence From The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (Nhanes), Weiwen Chai, Jessie X. Fan, Ming Wen

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Many individual and community/neighborhood factors may contribute to inflammation and vitamin D deficiency leading to the development of chronic diseases. This study examined the associations of serum Creactive protein (CRP) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels with individual and community/neighborhood (tract-level or county-level) factors using a nationally representative sample from 2001–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Data from the 2001–2006 waves of the continuous NHANES was merged with the 2000 census and other neighborhood data sources constructed using geographic information system. Associations between multilevel factors and biomarker levels were assessed using multilevel random-intercept regression models. 6643 participants aged 19–65 …

Muscle- And Mode-Specific Responses Of The Forearm Flexors To Fatiguing, Concentric Muscle Actions, Ethan C. Hill, Terry J. Housh, Cory M. Smith, Richard Schmidt, Glen O. Johnson

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) studies of fatigue have generally utilized maximal isometric or dynamic muscle actions, but sport- and work-related activities involve predominately submaximal movements. Therefore, the purpose of the present investigation was to examine the torque, EMG, and MMG responses as a result of submaximal, concentric, isokinetic, forearm flexion muscle actions. Methods: Twelve men performed concentric peak torque (PT) and isometric PT trials before (pretest) and after (posttest) performing 50 submaximal (65% of concentric PT), concentric, isokinetic (60°·s^-1), forearm flexion muscle actions. Surface EMG and MMG signals were simultaneously recorded from the biceps brachii and …

Relationship Between Concentrations Of Lutein And Stard3 Among Pediatric And Geriatric Human Brain Tissue, Jirayu Tanprasertsuk, Binxing Li, Paul S. Bernstein, Rohini Vishwanathan, Mary Ann Johnson, Leonard Poon, Elizabeth J. Johnson

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Lutein, a dietary carotenoid, selectively accumulates in human retina and brain. While many epidemiological studies show evidence of a relationship between lutein status and cognitive health, lutein’s selective uptake in human brain tissue and its potential function in early neural development and cognitive health have been poorly evaluated at a molecular level. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cross-sectional relationship between concentrations of brain lutein and StARD3 (identified as its binding protein in retinal tissue) among three age groups: infants (1–4 months, n = 10), older adults (55–86 years, n = 8), and centenarians (98–105 years, n …

Pharmacological And Genetic Modulation Of Rev-Erb Activity And Expression Affects Orexigenic Gene Expression, Ariadna Amador, Yongjun Wang, Subhashis Banerjee, Theodore M. Kameneka, Laura A. Solt, Thomas P. Burris

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

The nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ are transcription factors that play pivotal roles in the regulation of the circadian rhythm and various metabolic processes. The circadian rhythm is an endogenous mechanism, which generates entrainable biological changes that follow a 24-hour period. It regulates a number of physiological processes, including sleep/wakeful cycles and feeding behaviors. We recently demonstrated that REV-ERB-specific small molecules affect sleep and anxiety. The orexinergic system also plays a significant role in mammalian physiology and behavior, including the regulation of sleep and food intake. Importantly, orexin genes are expressed in a circadian manner. Given these overlaps in function …

Processes Contributing To Resilience Of Coastal Wetlands To Sea-Level Rise, Camille L. Stagg, Ken W. Krauss, Donald R. Cahoon, Nicole Cormier, William H. Conner, Christopher M. Swarzenski

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The objectives of this study were to identify processes that contribute to resilience of coastal wetlands subject to rising sea levels and to determine whether the relative contribution of these processes varies across different wetland community types. We assessed the resilience of wetlands to sea-level rise along a transitional gradient from tidal freshwater forested wetland (TFFW) to marsh by measuring processes controlling wetland elevation. We found that, over 5 years of measurement, TFFWs were resilient, although some marginally, and oligohaline marshes exhibited robust resilience to sea-level rise. We identified fundamental differences in how resilience is maintained across wetland community types, …

Modifying M-44s To Reduce Risk Of Activation By Swift Fox, Julie K. Young

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

M-44s are spring-powered sodium cyanide ejectors commonly used in the United States to manage livestock depredation by coyotes (Canis latrans). While highly selective for canids, improvements could reduce risk to nontarget canids, especially State-Endangered or -Threatened canids such as the swift fox (Vulpes velox). In 2012–2013, we tested M-44s set at modified heights to determine whether height modifications reduced risk to swift foxes without reducing activation rates by coyotes. We presented captive coyotes housed at the USDA National Wildlife Research Center’s Predator Research Facility, Millville, Utah, USA, with M-44s at various test heights to determine a …

Conserving California Condors In The 1980s, Noel F.R. Snyder

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

By the late 1970s, the California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) was in serious trouble, with probably no more than about 30 birds left in existence, all in a mountainous region just north of Los Angeles that is vegetated mainly in chaparral and grasslands. All estimates of population size and trends offered since the early condor studies by Carl Koford in the 1930s and 1940s indicated a continuing decline toward extinction, and it appeared that few years were left before the species would be gone (see Koford, 1953; Wilbur, 1978). Evidently, the conservation steps that had been taken, including the …

Patuxent’S American Black Duck Studies From Chesapeake Bay To Maine And Beyond, Jerry R. Longcore

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The information in this chapter draws on published literature and unpublished reports written by staff members of the U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (Patuxent), during its 75-year history. Reports by Bureau of Biological Survey (Biological Survey) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) personnel are included because the research entity currently known as Patuxent was formerly administered by these agencies. Some of the cited reports were prepared by USFWS scientists while they were not working at Patuxent. Literature resulting from work at other Federal and State agencies and private and academic institutions that influenced research at Patuxent on …

The Migratory Bird And Habitat Research Laboratory And The Accelerated Research Program, Richard A. Coon

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (Patuxent) housed two important programs that were not supervised through the office of the Director of Patuxent during the 1960s and 1970s. Although they received administrative support from Patuxent, they were supervised from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) headquarters in Washington, D.C. One, the Migratory Bird Populations Station (MBPS), was established in 1961; the other, the Migratory Bird and Habitat Research Laboratory (MBHRL), was established in 1972 (Perry, 2004). This chapter briefly discusses MBPS and how some of its functions were transferred to MBHRL when this new laboratory was created.

Non-Linear Responses Of Glaciated Prairie Wetlands To Climate Warming, W. Carter Johnson, Brett Werner, Glenn R. Guntenspergen

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The response of ecosystems to climate warming is likely to include threshold events when small changes in key environmental drivers produce large changes in an ecosystem. Wetlands of the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) are especially sensitive to climate variability, yet the possibility that functional changes may occur more rapidly with warming than expected has not been examined or modeled. The productivity and biodiversity of these wetlands are strongly controlled by the speed and completeness of a vegetation cover cycle driven by the wet and dry extremes of climate. Two thresholds involving duration and depth of standing water must be exceeded …

Pranked By Audubon: Constantine S. Rafinesque’S Description Of John James Audubon’S Imaginary Kentucky Mammals, Neal Woodman

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The North American naturalist Constantine S. Rafinesque spent much of the year 1818 engaged in a solo journey down the Ohio River Valley to explore parts of what was then the western United States. Along the way, he visited a number of fellow naturalists, and he spent more than a week at the Henderson, Kentucky, home of artist and ornithologist John James Audubon. During the succeeding two years, Rafinesque published descriptions of new species that resulted from his expedition, including eleven species of fishes that eventually proved to have been invented by Audubon as a prank on the credulous naturalist. …

Non-Linear Responses Of Glaciated Prairie Wetlands To Climate Warming, W. Carter Johnson, Brett Werner, Glenn R. Guntenspergen

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The response of ecosystems to climate warming is likely to include threshold events when small changes in key environmental drivers produce large changes in an ecosystem. Wetlands of the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) are especially sensitive to climate variability, yet the possibility that functional changes may occur more rapidly with warming than expected has not been examined or modeled. The productivity and biodiversity of these wetlands are strongly controlled by the speed and completeness of a vegetation cover cycle driven by the wet and dry extremes of climate. Two thresholds involving duration and depth of standing water must be exceeded …

Pranked By Audubon: Constantine S. Rafinesque’S Description Of John James Audubon’S Imaginary Kentucky Mammals, Neal Woodman

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The North American naturalist Constantine S. Rafinesque spent much of the year 1818 engaged in a solo journey down the Ohio River Valley to explore parts of what was then the western United States. Along the way, he visited a number of fellow naturalists, and he spent more than a week at the Henderson, Kentucky, home of artist and ornithologist John James Audubon. During the succeeding two years, Rafinesque published descriptions of new species that resulted from his expedition, including eleven species of fishes that eventually proved to have been invented by Audubon as a prank on the credulous naturalist. …

Transcriptional Profiling Of Ileocecal Valve Of Holstein Dairy Cows Infected With Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis, Randy J. Hempel, J. P. Bannantine, Judith R. Stabel

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Johne’s disease is a chronic infection of the small intestine caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), an intracellular bacterium. The events of pathogen survival within the host cell(s), chronic inflammation and the progression from asymptomatic subclinical stage to an advanced clinical stage of infection, are poorly understood. This study examines gene expression in the ileocecal valve (ICV) of Holstein dairy cows at different stages of MAP infection. The ICV is known to be a primary site of MAP colonization and pro-vides an ideal location to identify genes that are relevant to the progression of this disease. RNA was prepared …

Utilizing Adr In Domestic Adoptions For Same-Sex Couples, Nicole Hertzberg

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

This Note addresses the intricacies involved in same-sex couples, now legally married, overcoming state-placed legal obstacles in order to adopt children. The simple answer is to wait and see what the Supreme Court has to say about same-sex adoption. However, it is more complicated than that. Firstly, it took two years for Obergefell to reach the Supreme Court from the District Court, and it took this country two hundred and thirty nine years to legalize same-sex marriage. In other words, it might be years until the Supreme Court addresses this issue. Secondly, if this issue is litigated in court, the …

Back Down To Bullying? The Detrimental Effects Of Zero Tolerance Policies On Bullied Adolescents, Devon L. Disiena

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The note critiques zero tolerance policies in schools, arguing that they disproportionately harm bullied adolescents by failing to consider their circumstances, leading to unjust disciplinary actions and discouraging victims from seeking help. It advocates for legislative reforms, particularly in New York, to include self-defense as a mitigating factor in disciplinary decisions.

Letter To The Editor Ws-2 Introgression In A Proportion Of Arabidopsis Thaliana Col-0 Stock Seed Produces Specific Phenotypes And Highlights The Importance Of Routine Genetic Verification, Mon-Ray Shao, Vikas Shedge, Hardik Kundariya, Fredric R. Lehle, Sally Ann Mackenzie

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Arabidopsis thaliana is an important model organism with a robust network of resources that has been of enormous value to the plant science research community. The use of isogenic material as a reference point or control is critical for many types of experiments in plant molecular biology and genetics. Recently, we noticed that some seed from a common source of the widely-used Columbia-0 (Col-0) strain gave rise to plants showing features atypical for this strain. Whole genome DNA-sequencing and allele-specific PCR assays confirmed that the abnormal individuals contain multiple introgressions from the ecotype Wassilewskija-2 (Ws-2), as described below. This emphasizes …

Allergenicity Attributes Of Different Peanut Market Types, Stef J. Koppelman, Shyamali Jayasena, Dion Luykx, Erik Schepens, Danijela Apostolovic, Govardus A.H. De Jong, Thomas G. Isleib, Julie A. Nordlee, Joseph L. Baumert, Steve L. Taylor, Hsiaopo Cheng, Sohelia Maleki

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Four different market classes of peanut (Runner, Virginia, Spanish, and Valencia) are commonly consumed in Western countries, but for some consumers peanuts are a main cause of food-induced anaphylaxis. Limited information is available on the comparative allergenicity of these distinct market classes. The aim of this study was to compare allergenicity attributes of different peanut cultivars. The protein content and protein profiles were highly comparable for all tested cultivars. All cultivar samples contained the major allergens Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3 and Ara h 6, as assessed by SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC, although some minor differences in …

Two Clinical Isolates Of Mycoplasma Hyosynoviae Showed Differing Pattern Of Lameness And Pathogen Detection In Experimentally Challenged Pigs, João Carlos Gomes-Neto, Matthew Raymond, Leslie Bower, Alejandro Ramirez, Darin M. Madson, Erin L. Strait, Everett L. Rosey, Vicki J. Rapp-Gabrielson

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Mycoplasma (M.) hyosynoviae is known to colonize and cause disease in growing-finishing pigs. In this study, two clinical isolates of M. hyosynoviae were compared by inoculating cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived and specific-pathogen-free growing pigs. After intranasal or intravenous inoculation, the proportion and distribution pattern of clinical cases was compared in addition to the severity of lameness. Tonsils were found to be the primary site of colonization, while bacteremia was rarely detected prior to the observation of clinical signs. Regardless of the clinical isolate, route of inoculation, or volume of inocula, histopathological alterations and tissue invasion were detected in multiple …

2016-2017 Lindenwood University Accelerated Degree Program Course Catalog, Lindenwood University

Course Catalogs

Lindenwood University Accelerated Degree Program Course Catalog

2016-2017 Lindenwood University Undergraduate Course Catalog, Lindenwood University

Course Catalogs

Lindenwood University Undergraduate Course Catalog