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2016

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"I Bought The Book And I Didn't Need It": What Reading Looks Like At An Urban Community College, Rachel Ihara, Annie Del Principe Mar 2016

"I Bought The Book And I Didn't Need It": What Reading Looks Like At An Urban Community College, Rachel Ihara, Annie Del Principe

Publications and Research

Based on a qualitative study of students’ experiences, we offer a new typology of student reading behaviors across the disciplines at a community college.


Life Line March 2016, Otterbein Biology And Earth Science Department Mar 2016

Life Line March 2016, Otterbein Biology And Earth Science Department

Life Line - The Biology Department Newsletter

Department welcomes Dr. Elizabeth Berkeley - Ben Titus '08 - Panama Research - Fracing in Toga County, PA. - Students Intern in China - Faculty Partnerships in Africa


Pharmaceutical Contaminants As Stressors On Rocky Intertidal And Estuarine Organisms: A Case Study Of Fluoxetine, Joseph Richard Peters Mar 2016

Pharmaceutical Contaminants As Stressors On Rocky Intertidal And Estuarine Organisms: A Case Study Of Fluoxetine, Joseph Richard Peters

Dissertations and Theses

Contaminants such as pharmaceuticals are of increasing concern due to their ubiquitous use and persistence in surface waters worldwide. Limited attention has been paid to the effects of pharmaceuticals on marine life, despite widespread detection of these contaminants in the marine environment. Of the existing studies, the majority assess the negative effects of pharmaceuticals over an exposure period of 30 days or less and focus on cellular and subcellular biomarkers. Longer studies are required to determine if chronic contaminant exposure poses risks to marine life at environmentally relevant concentrations. Also scarce in the literature is examination of whole organism effects …


Examining The Satisfaction Levels Of Hospice And Palliative Care Nurses In Education, Clinical Confidence And Knowledge Of Self Care Practice, Monica Wooldridge Mar 2016

Examining The Satisfaction Levels Of Hospice And Palliative Care Nurses In Education, Clinical Confidence And Knowledge Of Self Care Practice, Monica Wooldridge

Doctoral Projects

The purpose of this descriptive exploratory research study was to measure hospice and palliative care registered nurses self-reported information on end of life education and self- care practices including overall satisfaction with end of life education, self-rating of clinical confidence and knowledge of self-care practice. As no tool for measuring this was found in literature, this study included development of a new survey tool. Participants were solicited on a volunteer basis at end of life conferences and professional meetings for a period of ninety days. A total of 88 surveys were returned. Results revealed that the majority of respondents reported …


Beyond Theatres : Issue 1, 2016, Department Of Surgery Mar 2016

Beyond Theatres : Issue 1, 2016, Department Of Surgery

Department of Surgery Archives

No abstract provided.


Buyer Power And Healthcare Prices, John B. Kirkwood Mar 2016

Buyer Power And Healthcare Prices, John B. Kirkwood

Washington Law Review

One major reason why healthcare spending is much higher in America than in other countries is that our prices are exceptionally high. This Article addresses whether we ought to rely more heavily on buyer power to reduce those prices, as other nations do. It focuses on two sectors where greater buyer power could easily be exercised: prescription drugs covered by Medicare and hospital and physician services covered by private insurance. The Article concludes that the biggest buyer of all, the federal government, should be allowed to negotiate Medicare prescription drug prices. This would likely reduce the prices of many branded …


Our Corrosive Oceans: Exploring Regulatory Responses And A Possible Role For Tribes, Weston R. Lemay Mar 2016

Our Corrosive Oceans: Exploring Regulatory Responses And A Possible Role For Tribes, Weston R. Lemay

Washington Law Review

The world’s oceans act as a carbon sink, absorbing roughly twenty-five percent of humanity’s carbon dioxide emissions. As a result, ocean acidity has increased sixty percent since the beginning of the industrial era. Acidification is a burgeoning ocean health crisis—present levels of acidity already threaten species of oyster, plankton, and salmon. Disturbingly, the capacity of the American legal system to respond is unclear: the complexity of climate change-related harms typically precludes a remedy at common law. With respect to mitigating near-shore acidification, this Comment argues that a regulatory strategy utilizing the Clean Water Act’s Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) regime …


A Mixed-Method Program Implementation: Overcoming Obstacles Life Skills Program In A Medium-Sized Suburban School District, Jennifer Gross Mar 2016

A Mixed-Method Program Implementation: Overcoming Obstacles Life Skills Program In A Medium-Sized Suburban School District, Jennifer Gross

Dissertations

While many educators viewed transition as a one-time event, it often proved to be more of a process than simply an occasion (Cohen & Smerdon, 2009). The researcher observed through the role as a school counselor that students with high anxiety tended to exhibit low resilience during times of transition. In order to assist students as they moved from eighth to ninth grade, the school of study implemented the Overcoming Obstacles Life Skills Program (OOLSP) using student mentors. This study explored student perception of anxiety and resilience in relation to participating in this program. The researcher utilized the Connor-Davidson Resilience …


Traditional And Hybrid Dental Assisting Program: An Exploration Of Design And Optimal Outcomes For Community College Students, Janet A. Sell Mar 2016

Traditional And Hybrid Dental Assisting Program: An Exploration Of Design And Optimal Outcomes For Community College Students, Janet A. Sell

Dissertations

This study was designed to investigate an accredited dental assisting educational program at a Midwest community college. The Bureau of Labor of Statistics (2015) claimed the profession of dental assisting is one of the fastest growing occupation, along with ongoing research that good oral health is linked to overall general health, thereby increasing the need for more dental assistants in the workforce. The aim of this study was to determine if dental assisting students taking courses in a face-to-face traditional format performed differently from students taking courses in a hybrid (a combination of face-to face and online) format. The researcher …


Assessing The Impacts Of Oil-Associated Marine Snow Formation And Sedimentation During And After The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Kendra L. Daly, Uta Passow, Jeffrey Chanton, David Hollander Mar 2016

Assessing The Impacts Of Oil-Associated Marine Snow Formation And Sedimentation During And After The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Kendra L. Daly, Uta Passow, Jeffrey Chanton, David Hollander

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill was the largest in US history, unprecedented for the depth and volume of oil released, the amount of dispersants applied, and the unexpected, protracted sedimentation of oil-associated marine snow (MOS) to the seafloor. Marine snow formation, incorporation of oil, and subsequent gravitational settling to the seafloor (i.e., MOSSFA: Marine Oil Snow Sedimentation and Flocculent Accumulation) was a significant pathway for the distribution and fate of oil, accounting for as much as 14% of the total oil released. Long residence times of oil on the seafloor will result in prolonged exposure by benthic organisms and economically …


Pbio Colloquium | Functional Responses Of Stream Communities To Acid Mine Drainage Remediation, March 11, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences Mar 2016

Pbio Colloquium | Functional Responses Of Stream Communities To Acid Mine Drainage Remediation, March 11, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

All Forum Articles

No abstract provided.


An Efficient Scheme For Numerical Solution Of Burgers’ Equation Using Quintic Hermite Interpolating Polynomials, Shelly Arora, Inderpreet Kaur Mar 2016

An Efficient Scheme For Numerical Solution Of Burgers’ Equation Using Quintic Hermite Interpolating Polynomials, Shelly Arora, Inderpreet Kaur

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

A numerical scheme combining the features of quintic Hermite interpolating polynomials and orthogonal collocation method has been presented to solve the well-known non-linear Burgers’ equation. The quintic Hermite collocation method (QHCM) solves the non-linear Burgers’ equation directly without converting it into linear form using Hopf–Cole transformation. Stability of the QHCM has been checked using Eucledian and Supremum norms. Numerical values obtained from QHCM are compared with the values obtained from other techniques such as orthogonal collocation method, orthogonal collocation on finite elements and pdepe solver. Numerical values have been plotted using plane and surface plots to demonstrate the results graphically. …


Branches Over Ripples: A Waterside Journal, Brian Bartlett Mar 2016

Branches Over Ripples: A Waterside Journal, Brian Bartlett

The Goose

Branches Over Ripples: A Waterside Journal is a fifty-entry plein-air writing project drafted between April 2013 and October 2014 by various bodies of water—rivers, brooks, lakes, bays, marshes, waterfalls, a vernal pond, a Japanese koi pond. Most of the writing was done in Nova Scotia locations, but some entries were drafted in New Brunswick, Montreal, Missouri, Manhattan, and London, England. I often walked from an hour to four or five hours, then sat down on bare earth, grass, sand, stone, or wood, and wrote, keeping attuned to my surroundings but also letting my mind and memory wander.


Taphonomy Of Sediments: Bioturbation In The Triassic Moenkopi Formation In Southwestern Utah, James Vernon Bird Jr. Mar 2016

Taphonomy Of Sediments: Bioturbation In The Triassic Moenkopi Formation In Southwestern Utah, James Vernon Bird Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Measurement of bioturbation reflects physical and biological processes operating over time and can be used to reveal information about paleo-environments. The purpose of this study was to determine the intensity of bioturbation in Triassic Moenkopi Formation at Hurricane Mesa in Southwestern Utah. This formation is interpreted as having been deposited mostly in large ancient river channels, tidal flats, delta and shallow marine environments. Five stratigraphic sections measured in the Virgin Limestone Member provided the basis for this study. Detailed descriptions and quantification of bioturbation were recorded in each of the sections. Similar treatment was given to additional study sites in …


Chitosan Decontamination With Non-Thermal Nitrogen Plasma To Enable Internal Use, Andrew R. Crofton Mar 2016

Chitosan Decontamination With Non-Thermal Nitrogen Plasma To Enable Internal Use, Andrew R. Crofton

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Chitosan (CS) is a ubiquitous biopolymer and is recognized as a promising biomedical material. Potential medical applications for chitosan are extensive and many have shown impressive results. However, chitosan is clinically only used as a topical hemostatic agent due to an inability to sterilize and depyrogenate chitosan without negatively altering its physical and biological properties with conventional techniques. We hypothesized that non-thermal nitrogen plasma (NtNP) would sterilize and depyrogenate chitosan while preserving its biological properties. Since plasma is a surface treatment, we micronized chitosan using cryo-ball and cryo-jet milling to increase its surface to volume ratio. Cryo-jet milling produced the …


A Liberal Dilemma: Respecting Autonomy While Also Protecting Inchoate Children From Prenatal Substance Abuse., Andrew J. Weisberg, Frank E. Vandervort Mar 2016

A Liberal Dilemma: Respecting Autonomy While Also Protecting Inchoate Children From Prenatal Substance Abuse., Andrew J. Weisberg, Frank E. Vandervort

Articles

Substance abuse is a significant social problem in America. It is estimated that some eighteen million Americans have an alcohol abuse problem and that almost five million have a drug abuse problem. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, substance abuse costs some $700 billion per year Substance abuse is a major contributor to child maltreatment. It is estimated that between one- and two-thirds of cases in which children enter foster care are linked to parental substance abuse. Unfortunately, this may be an underestimate as recent research suggests that many cases, particularly cases in which children have been exposed …


Biological Nanomotors With A Revolution, Linear, Or Rotation Motion Mechanism, Peixuan Guo, Hiroyuki Noji, Christopher M. Yengo, Zhengyi Zhao, Ian Grainge Mar 2016

Biological Nanomotors With A Revolution, Linear, Or Rotation Motion Mechanism, Peixuan Guo, Hiroyuki Noji, Christopher M. Yengo, Zhengyi Zhao, Ian Grainge

Nanobiotechnology Center Faculty Publications

The ubiquitous biological nanomotors were classified into two categories in the past: linear and rotation motors. In 2013, a third type of biomotor, revolution without rotation (http://rnanano.osu.edu/movie.html), was discovered and found to be widespread among bacteria, eukaryotic viruses, and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophages. This review focuses on recent findings about various aspects of motors, including chirality, stoichiometry, channel size, entropy, conformational change, and energy usage rate, in a variety of well-studied motors, including FoF1 ATPase, helicases, viral dsDNA-packaging motors, bacterial chromosome translocases, myosin, kinesin, and dynein. In particular, dsDNA translocases are used to illustrate how …


Stinging Nettle (Urtica Dioica L.) Attenuates Ffa Induced Ceramide Accumulation In 3t3- L1 Adipocytes In An Adiponectin Dependent Manner, Diana N. Obanda, Peng Zhao, Allison J. Richard, David Ribnicky, William T. Cefalu, Jacqueline M. Stephens Mar 2016

Stinging Nettle (Urtica Dioica L.) Attenuates Ffa Induced Ceramide Accumulation In 3t3- L1 Adipocytes In An Adiponectin Dependent Manner, Diana N. Obanda, Peng Zhao, Allison J. Richard, David Ribnicky, William T. Cefalu, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

©2016 Obanda et al.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Objective Excess dietary lipids result in the accumulation of lipid metabolites including ceramides that can attenuate insulin signaling. There is evidence that a botanical extract of Urtica dioica L. (stinging nettle) improves insulin action, yet the precise mechanism(s) are not known. Hence, we examined the effects of Urtica dioica L. (UT) on adipocytes. Research Design We investigated the effects of an ethanolic extract …


Time-Dependent Neutral Stochastic Functional Differential Equations Driven By A Fractional Brownian Motion, B Boufoussi, S Hajji, E Lakhel Mar 2016

Time-Dependent Neutral Stochastic Functional Differential Equations Driven By A Fractional Brownian Motion, B Boufoussi, S Hajji, E Lakhel

Communications on Stochastic Analysis

No abstract provided.


Mean-Field Limit Versus Small-Noise Limit For Some Interacting Particle Systems, Samuel Herrmann, Julian Tugaut Mar 2016

Mean-Field Limit Versus Small-Noise Limit For Some Interacting Particle Systems, Samuel Herrmann, Julian Tugaut

Communications on Stochastic Analysis

No abstract provided.


Genetically Engineered Yeast Expressing A Lytic Peptide From Bee Venom (Melittin) Kills Symbiotic Protozoa In The Gut Of Formosan Subterranean Termites, Claudia Husseneder, Jennifer R. Donaldson, Lane D. Foil Mar 2016

Genetically Engineered Yeast Expressing A Lytic Peptide From Bee Venom (Melittin) Kills Symbiotic Protozoa In The Gut Of Formosan Subterranean Termites, Claudia Husseneder, Jennifer R. Donaldson, Lane D. Foil

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Husseneder et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, is a costly invasive urban pest in warm and humid regions around the world. Feeding workers of the Formosan subterranean termite genetically engineered yeast strains that express synthetic protozoacidal lytic peptides has been shown to kill the cellulose digesting termite gut protozoa, which results in death of the termite colony. In this study, we …


The Pipeline Project: Pre-Publication Independent Replications Of A Single Laboratory's Research Pipeline., Martin Schweinsberg, Nikhil Madan, Michelangelo Vianello, S.Amy Sommer, Jennifer Jordan, Et. Al. Mar 2016

The Pipeline Project: Pre-Publication Independent Replications Of A Single Laboratory's Research Pipeline., Martin Schweinsberg, Nikhil Madan, Michelangelo Vianello, S.Amy Sommer, Jennifer Jordan, Et. Al.

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This crowdsourced project introduces a collaborative approach to improving the reproducibility of scientific research, in which findings are replicated in qualified independent laboratories before (rather than after) they are published. Our goal is to establish a non-adversarial replication process with highly informative final results. To illustrate the Pre-Publication Independent Replication (PPIR) approach, 25 research groups conducted replications of all ten moral judgment effects which the last author and his collaborators had “in the pipeline” as of August 2014. Six findings replicated according to all replication criteria, one finding replicated but with a significantly smaller effect size than the original, one …


The Impact Of Ocean Acidification And Warming On The Skeletal Mechanical Properties Of The Sea Urchin Paracentrotus Lividus From Laboratory And Field Observations, Marie Collard, Samuel P.S. Rastrick, Piero Calosi, Yoann Demolder, Jean Dille, Helen S. Findlay, Jason Michael Hall-Spencer, Marco Milazzo, Laure Moulin, Steve Widdicombe, Frank Dehairs, Philippe Dubois Mar 2016

The Impact Of Ocean Acidification And Warming On The Skeletal Mechanical Properties Of The Sea Urchin Paracentrotus Lividus From Laboratory And Field Observations, Marie Collard, Samuel P.S. Rastrick, Piero Calosi, Yoann Demolder, Jean Dille, Helen S. Findlay, Jason Michael Hall-Spencer, Marco Milazzo, Laure Moulin, Steve Widdicombe, Frank Dehairs, Philippe Dubois

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

AbstractIncreased atmospheric CO2 concentration is leading to changes in the carbonate chemistry and the temperature of the ocean. The impact of these processes on marine organisms will depend on their ability to cope with those changes, particularly the maintenance of calcium carbonate structures. Both a laboratory experiment (long-term exposure to decreased pH and increased temperature) and collections of individuals from natural environments characterized by low pH levels (individuals from intertidal pools and around a CO2 seep) were here coupled to comprehensively study the impact of near-future conditions of pH and temperature on the mechanical properties of the skeleton of the …


Molecular Analyses Of Circadian Gene Variants Reveal Sex-Dependent Links Between Depression And Clocks, S-Q Shi, M. J. White, H. M. Borsetti, Julie S. Pendergast, A. Hida, C. M. Ciarleglio, P. A. De Verteuil, A. G. Cadar, C. Cala, D. G. Mcmahon, R. C. Shelton, S. M. Williams, C. H. Johnson Mar 2016

Molecular Analyses Of Circadian Gene Variants Reveal Sex-Dependent Links Between Depression And Clocks, S-Q Shi, M. J. White, H. M. Borsetti, Julie S. Pendergast, A. Hida, C. M. Ciarleglio, P. A. De Verteuil, A. G. Cadar, C. Cala, D. G. Mcmahon, R. C. Shelton, S. M. Williams, C. H. Johnson

Biology Faculty Publications

An extensive literature links circadian irregularities and/or sleep abnormalities to mood disorders. Despite the strong genetic component underlying many mood disorders, however, previous genetic associations between circadian clock gene variants and major depressive disorder (MDD) have been weak. We applied a combined molecular/functional and genetic association approach to circadian gene polymorphisms in sex-stratified populations of control subjects and case subjects suffering from MDD. This approach identified significant sex-dependent associations of common variants of the circadian clock genes hClock, hPer3 and hNpas2 with major depression and demonstrated functional effects of these polymorphisms on the expression or activity of the hCLOCK …


Decadal Variability In The Oxygen Inventory Of North Atlantic Subtropical Underwater Captured By Sustained, Long-Term Oceanographic Time Series Observations, Enrique Montes, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Andrés Cianca, Michael W. Lomas, Laura Lorenzoni, Sennai Habtes Mar 2016

Decadal Variability In The Oxygen Inventory Of North Atlantic Subtropical Underwater Captured By Sustained, Long-Term Oceanographic Time Series Observations, Enrique Montes, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Andrés Cianca, Michael W. Lomas, Laura Lorenzoni, Sennai Habtes

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Historical observations of potential temperature (θ), salinity (S), and dissolved oxygen concentrations (O2) in the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic (0–500 m; 0–40°N, 10–90°W) were examined to understand decadal‐scale changes in O2 in subtropical underwater (STUW). STUW is observed at four of the longest, sustained ocean biogeochemical and ecological time series stations, namely, the CArbon Retention In A Colored Ocean (CARIACO) Ocean Time Series Program (10.5°N, 64.7°W), the Bermuda Atlantic Time‐series Study (BATS; 31.7°N, 64.2°W), Hydrostation “S” (32.1°N, 64.4°W), and the European Station for Time‐series in the Ocean, Canary Islands (ESTOC; 29.2°N, 15.5°W). …


Gardner-Webb’S Helpful Community Further Inspired Alum To Aid Others, Office Of University Communications Mar 2016

Gardner-Webb’S Helpful Community Further Inspired Alum To Aid Others, Office Of University Communications

Gardner-Webb NewsCenter Archive

In the remote northern reaches of Canada’s Ontario province, miles from the nearest service roads, Gardner-Webb University alumnus Dr. Taylor Ferrier has provided medical care. The residents in communities such as Moose Factory, Attawapiskat and Polar Bear Provincial Park are closer to the brilliant light shows of the aurora borealis than the comforts of a modern medical facility. But Ferrier has flown in to meet their health needs with the skills he has developed in his own life journey.


Potentially Diagnostic Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra Elucidate The Underlying Mechanism Of Mitochondrial Dysfunction In The Deoxyguanosine Kinase Deficient Rat Model Of A Genetic Mitochondrial Dna Depletion Syndrome, Brian Bennett, Daniel Helbling, Hui Meng, Jason Jarzembowski, Aron M. Geurts, Marisa W. Friederich, Johan L.K. Van Hove, Michael W. Lawlor, David P. Dimmock Mar 2016

Potentially Diagnostic Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra Elucidate The Underlying Mechanism Of Mitochondrial Dysfunction In The Deoxyguanosine Kinase Deficient Rat Model Of A Genetic Mitochondrial Dna Depletion Syndrome, Brian Bennett, Daniel Helbling, Hui Meng, Jason Jarzembowski, Aron M. Geurts, Marisa W. Friederich, Johan L.K. Van Hove, Michael W. Lawlor, David P. Dimmock

Physics Faculty Research and Publications

A novel rat model for a well-characterized human mitochondrial disease, mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome with associated deoxyguanosine kinase (DGUOK) deficiency, is described. The rat model recapitulates the pathologic and biochemical signatures of the human disease. The application of electron paramagnetic (spin) resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to the identification and characterization of respiratory chain abnormalities in the mitochondria from freshly frozen tissue of the mitochondrial disease model rat is introduced. EPR is shown to be a sensitive technique for detecting mitochondrial functional abnormalities in situ and, here, is particularly useful in characterizing the redox state changes and oxidative stress that can result …


Efficient Dnp Nmr Of Membrane Proteins: Sample Preparation Protocols, Sensitivity, And Radical Location, Shu Y. Liao, Myungwoon Lee, Tuo Wang, Ivan V. Sergeyev, Mei Hong Mar 2016

Efficient Dnp Nmr Of Membrane Proteins: Sample Preparation Protocols, Sensitivity, And Radical Location, Shu Y. Liao, Myungwoon Lee, Tuo Wang, Ivan V. Sergeyev, Mei Hong

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. Although dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has dramatically enhanced solid-state NMR spectral sensitivities of many synthetic materials and some biological macromolecules, recent studies of membrane-protein DNP using exogenously doped paramagnetic radicals as polarizing agents have reported varied and sometimes surprisingly limited enhancement factors. This motivated us to carry out a systematic evaluation of sample preparation protocols for optimizing the sensitivity of DNP NMR spectra of membrane-bound peptides and proteins at cryogenic temperatures of Ã110 K. We show that mixing the radical with the membrane by direct titration instead of centrifugation gives a significant boost to …


S3 State Of The O2-Evolving Complex Of Photosystem Ii: Insights From Qm/Mm, Exafs, And Femtosecond X-Ray Diffraction, Mikhail Askerka, Jimin Wang, David J. Vinyard, Gary W. Brudvig, Victor S. Batista Mar 2016

S3 State Of The O2-Evolving Complex Of Photosystem Ii: Insights From Qm/Mm, Exafs, And Femtosecond X-Ray Diffraction, Mikhail Askerka, Jimin Wang, David J. Vinyard, Gary W. Brudvig, Victor S. Batista

Faculty Publications

© 2016 American Chemical Society. The oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II has been studied in the S3 state by electron paramagnetic resonance, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and femtosecond X-ray diffraction (XRD). However, the actual structure of the OEC in the S3 state has yet to be established. Here, we apply hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods and propose a structural model that is consistent with EXAFS and XRD. The model supports binding of water ligands to the cluster in the S2 → S3 transition through a carousel rearrangement around Mn4, inspired by studies of ammonia binding.


Fatty Acids Differ Significantly In Castes Of The Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), Zhaorigetu Chen, Roger A. Laine Mar 2016

Fatty Acids Differ Significantly In Castes Of The Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), Zhaorigetu Chen, Roger A. Laine

Faculty Publications

© The Authors 2015. Identification and quantitation of fatty acids (FAs) in nymphs, alates, workers, presoldiers, and soldiers of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, were determined by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry, showing quantitative and qualitative differences among groups. Total FAs content of nymphs and alate females was about 1.5-fold higher than alate males, about 2-fold higher than workers, 6-fold higher than presoldiers, and 12-fold higher than soldiers. Overall differences in total FAs content were due to oleic acid (C18:1), stearic acid (C18:0), linoleic acid (C18:2), and palmitic acid (C16:0). Soldiers contained two unique FAs among the castes - …