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An Examination Of The Marketing Of A Floundering Sport: The Case Of Powerboat Racing, Sam Fullerton

AMTP Proceedings 2016

A sample of 308 attendees at an APBA sanctioned powerboat race in July of 2015 provided insight regarding a number of key considerations germane to the decision to attend the race. Race organizers were seeking ways to reinvigorate interest in what they see as a floundering – if not sinking – sport. A self-administered survey was distributed at the race with those completing it having a chance to win a souvenir shirt from the races. The results indicate that better marketing is needed. WOM represented the most common means by which attendees learned about the event; much of this was …

Online Universities: Who Is Creating Virtual Communities?, Lisa Witzig, Joe Spencer, Katlyn Myers

AMTP Proceedings 2016

The use of online social communities for online universities seems a topic where usage can be taken for granted. This paper provides a literature review that shows the importance of community for students and alumni, and builds the case that online universities need to use online communities to deepen relationship. The paper then identifies the top social media network sites that can be used to build online communities and analyzes the activities of the top 54 undergraduate and top 53 graduate online programs at these sites. Despite the need to engage through these social media sites, online universities in general …

Exploring The Information Source Preferences Among Canadian Adult Golf League Members, Melissa J. Davies, Dianna Gray

College of the Pacific Faculty Articles

With an aging demographic, and the abundance of physical inactivity in Canada, sport professionals need to understand how best to recruit and retain adults in sport and recreational activities, namely, golf leagues. Canadian golf league participants (N = 419; Mage = 62 years old) completed an online survey detailing their propensity to utilize a variety of information sources prior to making the decision to join a golf league. Results from a principal component analysis of a revised Information Sources Inventory, suggested that golfers in this sample were most likely to utilize Personal and Social sources of information associated with their …

2016-2017 Lindenwood University Undergraduate Course Catalog, Lindenwood University

Course Catalogs

Lindenwood University Undergraduate Course Catalog

The Effects Of Maturational Variation On The Performance Of Young Australian Footballers And Their Selection Into The Australian Football League's Talent Pathway, Ashley Cripps

Theses

Traditional player development pathways share a common goal, to identify and accelerate the development of talented adolescent players for senior competition. Players who gain selection into development programs gain greater access to experienced coaches, training facilities, support staff and competition. However, despite such advantages, research has shown that few players who gain initial selection into development pathways progress into professional senior competition. A major factor which potentially contributes to poor player retention in development pathways is the initial misidentification of talented athletes due to variations in biological maturity.

Earlier maturing individuals have been shown to be at a physical advantage …

Stem In General Education: Does Mathematics Competence Influence Course Selection, Mary C. Enderson, John Ritz

STEMPS Faculty Publications

Many students enroll in college programs to prepare for their future careers. All are required to complete general studies courses. At one university, technology and STEM courses fulfill a part of the natural science and technology general education requirements. This study uses a survey design to explore why 332 students chose to enroll in a STEM technology course. Results found most enroll because their advisor suggests the course, it meets a general education major requirement, and the course is offered at a convenient time. Fewer enroll in the course because they would like to find out more about STEM fields, …

Chasing "Plan A": Identity Development Of First-Generation College Student-Athletes, Alexandra Warner

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Student-athletes competing at the university level face a unique set of stressors, pressures, and experiences. While all students will inevitably face difficulties transitioning from high school to post-secondary education, collegiate athletes bear the burden of balancing at least two demanding public roles, student and athlete, along with other interpersonal relationships, such as friendships, familial ties, and connections with teammates and coaches. The current study examines the identity development of college student-athletes and the challenges they face as they transition into and through their involvement in higher education and intercollegiate sports. This project in particular focuses on how the gendered experiences …

Inequality, Discrimination And Sexual Violence In Us Collegiate Sports, Erin E. Buzuvis, Kristine Newhall

Faculty Scholarship

While college athletics attract thousands of participants and millions of fans each year, examination of United States college athletics reveals a pattern of inequality, discrimination and abuse, which operates to foreclose women's access and suppress women's interest in athletic participation and leadership. This Chapter examines three gender related issues of integrity in college athletics: gender discrimination in athletic participation and opportunity; barriers to leadership for women coaches and administrators; and the relationship between athletics and sexual violence at college and universities. The Chapter also identifies a number of remedies that can mitigate these problems involving the Department of Education, Congress, …

Rescuing The “Supreme Court” Of Sports: Reforming The Court Of Arbitration For Sport Arbitration Member Selection Procedures, Jennifer R. Bondulich

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

The international athletic community’s preference for arbitration over traditional domestic courts to settle disputes between individual athletes and their respective sports governing bodies has led to the development of an authority specializing in international sports dispute resolution—the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). Originally created in 1984 by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to hear Olympic disputes, CAS has developed into the exclusive arbitral body for international sports disputes, and clauses granting CAS exclusive authority are found in essentially all contracts between individual athletes and their respective athletic federation. Although, CAS functions as the “Supreme Court” of Sports and is …

Being Student And Practitioner Centered: Lessons Learned From Integrating A Recreation Management Department Into A Business School, Patti A. Freeman, Mat D. Duerden, Brian J. Hill

Faculty Publications

In July 2009, Brigham Young University’s Recreation Management (RecM) Department moved to the Marriott School of Management (MSM), beginning its integration into a nationally ranked business school, including the transition from a college with little coordination between departments to one where all majors share a common core of classes. Despite initial feelings of uncertainty, many insights over time emerged as to how the RecM department could better serve students and professionals. This paper shares some of the lessons the RecM Department learned that hold applicability for other recreation departments, including the (1) influence of names on external perceptions and curriculum, …

How Much Versus Who: Which Social Norms Information Is More Effective?, Andrew G. Meyer, Guanyi Yang

Economics Faculty Research and Publications

We conduct an experiment to investigate how different types of information about social norms affect individuals’ stated contributions to a specific pro-environment program, a student ‘green fee’, in the context of a referendum. Compared to students that receive no information about peer contributions, on average, students that receive information about the dollar value range of contributions at peer institutions contribute less while students that learn about the high percentage of students voting ‘yes’ on green fee programs at peer institutions contribute more. The results are economically significant as the absolute values of both effects represent approximately 25% of average contributions. …

2016-2017 Undergraduate Catalog, Morehead State University

Morehead State Catalog Archive

2016-2017 undergraduate catalog for Morehead State University.

2016-2017 Graduate Catalog, Morehead State University

Morehead State Catalog Archive

2016-2017 graduate catalog for Morehead State University.

An International Crossover: Comparing The Chinese Basketball Association With The National Basketball Association, Allison J. Slusher

Honors Theses

This thesis compares the Chinese Basketball Association with the National Basketball Association in an in-depth comparison of how these organizations approach seven key aspects of sports management including commercialization, regular and post season scheduling, training, player acquisitions, players' and coaches' salaries, and players' and coaches' unions. This thesis also compares the histories of the CBA and NBA. The histories of these organizations serve to set the background information needed to understand how the CBA and NBA administer these seven aspects of sports management. Comparing these two organizations serves to prove that the CBA is run as a government bureaucracy used …

Comparative Study Of School And Science Teacher Technology Leaderships In High And Middle Schools In The United States And China, Ying Tang

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Researchers found that various schools took different technology leadership approaches and that school leadership practices were empirically associated with outcomes for teacher performance and student learning. To date, few studies systematically examined the salient aspects of school technology leadership (STL) and science teacher technology leadership (STTL), and the effects of country and grade-level on school and science teacher technology leaderships. A comprehensive technology leadership model was lacking for secondary school science education. Therefore, this research study focused on the status of school technology leadership, science teacher technology leadership, and their relationships and differences across country and grade. In this study, …

Was Dissent Being Displayed During The Sochi Olympics? Examining The #Sochi2014 Hashtag For Dissent, Matthew Blaszka, Evan L. Frederick, Timothy J. Newman, Ann Pegoraro

Global Sport Business Journal

During the 2014 Sochi Olympic Games various issues came to light including Russia’s anti-gay stance and construction issues. This study explored the Sochi 2014 Olympic Games official hashtag (#Sochi2014) through the theoretical lens of framing to see if dissent was being displayed. To examine those tweets, the software, Leximancer was used to explore conceptual and relational analysis on words that are written as well as visual text. Tweets were collected before, during, and after the Olympics to determine if dissent was being displayed. Results found five themes that emerged with at least 25% connectivity. Those themes were gold, Olympics, Sochi, …

Does The Presence Of Professional Football Cause Crime In A City? Evidence From Pontiac, Michigan, Hyunwoong Pyun, Joshua C. Hall

Economics Faculty Working Papers Series

We empirically explore the relationship between the National Football League (NFL) and crime using daily panel data from Detroit. We exploit the natural experiment of the Detroit Lions movement from Pontiac MI to downtown Detroit in 2002 to examine the impact of NFL games on crime in a jurisdiction. Pontiac is used as a treatment city and other suburban cities are used as a comparison group. Employing a triple difference-in-difference approach, we find little to no change in crime on a home game day in Pontiac compared to other suburban cities. There is no difference in crime between the football …

Does Installing Artificial Turf Create A Honeymoon Effect For College Football Teams?, Ashley E. Birchmeier

Master of Education in Applied Human Development Graduate Projects

Most research conducted related to the honeymoon effect and attendance focused on Major League Baseball and stadium renovation. This study however, examined the connection between attendance and installation of artificial turf at the collegiate level. Seven Division I Football Bowl Subdivision Universities in Ohio have installed artificial turf and hosted home games for at least four full seasons. Cincinnati and Miami (Ohio) fit the honeymoon theory, reaching maximum attendance numbers in year two and leveling out by year four.

Student-Athlete Undergraduate Degree And Career Alignment, Courtney C. Cox

Master of Education in Applied Human Development Graduate Projects

Little research has been done on student-athletes after graduation. The question driving this study was do athletes use their degree after graduation in lieu of academic clustering, fraud, emphasis on winning and athletic identity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not student-athletes undergraduate degree and career alignment was greater, less, or similar to the average collegiate body. Data was collected from 65 former male student-athletes from a Midwest Division I Mid-Major University over the 2009 through 2015 athletic seasons. Two sports were evaluated, Football (n= 54) and Men’s Basketball (n= 14). Degree fields were determined by …

Collegiate Football Attendance In El Paso, Texas, Wesley Austin Miller

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

This study examines potential determinants of attendance at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) Miners football games. Time series methodology is utilized to analyze UTEP attendance from 1967 to 2014. 22 explanatory variables are included in the final specification; 16 of which are statistically significant at the 10-percent level. Estimation results indicate that over 70 percent of the variation in UTEP football attendance is explained within the model. Elasticities of demand are estimated and indicate that demand for UTEP football games is inelastic with respect to all of the continuous regressors. Dynamic ex ante forecasts are generated for …

An Investigation Of Mannequins’ Effect On Consumer Attitude And Intention, Hannah Shealy

Theses and Dissertations

This study examines the effect of mannequin type on consumers’ purchase decisions. Data was collected from a convenience sample of 165 respondents through an online survey to measure the variables of envisioning, consumer attitude toward the display, and purchase intention in their relationship to mannequin type. Hypothesis 1, 2, and 3 were confirmed, confirming the conceptual model and the overall investigation into whether mannequin type effects consumer purchase decisions. Mannequin type was found to have a significant effect on envisioning, and the relationships between envisioning and consumer attitude toward the display and between attitude and purchase intention were found to …

Gvsu Undergraduate And Graduate Catalog, 2016-2017, Grand Valley State University

Course Catalogs, 1963 - Current

Grand Valley State University 2016-2017 undergraduate and/or graduate course catalog published annually to provide students with information and guidance for enrollment.

The Impact Of Motivational Factors On Daily Fantasy Sports Participation, Brendan Phelan, Matthew O'Hern

Honors Theses and Capstones

Since the passing of the Unlawful Internet Gambling Act (UIGEA) in 2006, the fantasy sports world has had a tumultuous decade. Shortly after the passing of UIGEA, daily fantasy sports became marketable, and saw several years of tremendous growth. However, recent legal issues have clouded the industry, and lawmakers have questioned whether daily fantasy sports indeed fall under the exception granted by UIGEA as a “game of skill”, or whether the games are illegal gambling. This study is meant to look at what motivates fantasy sports participants, especially through this time of turmoil in the industry. It specifically looks at …

Collegiate Coaches’ Knowledge Of The Female Athlete Triad In Relation To Their Characteristics, Jillian E. Frideres, Sue G. Mottinger, Jose M. Palao

Health & Human Performance Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to determine what coaches of female athletes know about the female athlete triad. The sample involved 472 NCAA Division I coaches of female athletes. The variables studied were coaches’ knowledge and confidence about the triad and coaches’ characteristics (coach’s gender, age, type of coach, degree held, years of experience in coaching females, continuing education participation specific to the triad and/or triad components, and sport coached). Coaches’ knowledge of the female athlete triad is higher for coaches who have received triad education. No differences regarding knowledge of the female athlete triad were found by gender, …

Comparative Analysis Of Female And Male Coverage On Espn’S Sportscenter, Tywan G. Martin, Young Ik Suh, Antonio S. Williams, Jennifer Locey, Jennifer Ramirez

Global Sport Business Journal

The purpose of this study was to examine whether gender differences existed in the coverage on ESPN’s flagship program, SportsCenter. This study was grounded in the theoretical frameworks of hegemony and agenda setting. The researchers collected data over the course of seven days during the 11:00 p.m. show. A comparative analysis was performed on the content of the popular one-hour television program that investigated the amount of coverage devoted to female and male sports, respectively. The findings of the study indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the amount of highlights devoted to female athletes in comparison to …

A Delphi Method Analysis Of Management Strategies For Taekwondo Centers In The United States, Jinsun Han, Sungick Min, Jaeyeon Hwang, Penny Dalton Hite, Wonyul Bae

Global Sport Business Journal

The purpose of this study was to use the Delphi Method to determine management strategies that might enhance the operations of Taekwondo training centers in the US and; to induce management to implement the strategies based on that forecast. A sample of ten Korean masters and fifteen trainers were used in this inquiry. Each participant has an interest in a Taekwondo facility, more than three years of teaching experience and has been practicing Taekwondo for more than ten years. This study followed the protocols for the Delphi Method and consisted of three phases of data collection using questionnaires. The panel …

Football Bowl Subdivision Head Football Coaches’ Contracts: An Analysis Of Contractual Clauses In Intercollegiate Athletics, R. Christopher Reynolds, Paul M. Pedersen

Global Sport Business Journal

While many studies have been published on a variety of sport law topics, only a handful of scholars have contributed to the body of knowledge on issues related to college coaches’ contracts. The current study examines the “state of the art” of college coaches’ contracts using the content analytic method. All clauses included in the employment contracts (N=91) of head football coaches at Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) schools were examined and coded in an effort to discover the essential, consistent, and unique components of the coaches’ contracts. A total of 30 clauses were identified and coded. The study found that …

Assessing The Effect Of Family Structure On Perceptions Of Fan-Family Conflict, Jason M. Simmons, T. Christopher Greenwell, Thomas J. Aicher

Global Sport Business Journal

Fan-family conflict refers to the difficulty experienced fulfilling family role demands as a result of fan role participation. Prior research suggests team identification leads to higher fan-family conflict as a result of the resources devoted to one’s fan role (i.e. time, money, energy), strain associated with maintaining a positive social identity, and incompatible behaviors commonly liked to fan role engagement (Simmons & Greenwell, 2014). The current study sought to understand how family role demands impact perceptions of fan-family conflict, specifically, how perceptions of fan-family conflict vary based on family structure. Results of this study challenge our understanding of this effect, …

When Good Athletes Go Bad: The Impact Of The Tiger Woods Scandal On Consumers’ Perceptions Of His Brand Endorsements, Junghwan Park, Joe Phua, Young Ik Suh, Tywan G. Martin

Global Sport Business Journal

This study investigated which decision (maintain vs. dismiss endorsement relationship) may represent the most positive impact on consumers with different levels of fan identification when the celebrity endorser is involved in scandal. MANCOVA was utilized to examine the influence of team identification on consumers’ responses toward sponsors’ decisions. Results indicated that when the sponsor maintained the endorsement relationship, highly identified fans had significantly more positive attitudes and word of mouth intentions than lowly identified fans. Conversely, when the sponsor dismissed the endorsement relationship, lowly identified fans had significantly more positive word of mouth intentions towards the sponsor.

Profiling The Sports Blogosphere, Charlotte Allen, Jason D. Reese

Global Sport Business Journal

The purpose of this study is to provide primary research regarding how sports blogs utilize the social media and generate revenue for their blog. This study begins with a literature review of the blogging world with a special emphasis on the sports sector of the blogosphere. The literature review is followed by a discussion of the research method of content analysis, which was employed to examine the selected sports blogs. Furthermore, recommendations are made concerning sampling methods and how future statistical sampling of the sports blogosphere could proceed to improve the representativeness of samples and data collection in this research …