Digital Commons Network^™

Performance Of Broilers Fed Raw Or Fermented And Redried Wheat, Barley, And Oat Grains, Sulhatti̇n Yaşar, Muhammed Saci̇d Gök, Yavuz Gürbüz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The efficacy of diets containing 40%-50% wheat, barley, or oat grains, fermented by a solid-state fermentation process, on bird performance, carcass yield, digestive organ development, and intestinal viscosity was tested. Compared with broiler chicks fed unfermented grains, those fed fermented oats had increased feed intake, and treatment with fermented wheat and barley improved the feed conversion ratio at days 21 and 42. Treatment with fermented barley and oats resulted in increased body weight at day 42. Treatment with fermented wheat and oats increased the percentage of carcass yield. Birds fed unfermented grains had highly viscous digesta, not seen among birds …

Cla And Epa Inhibit Lps-Induced Prostaglandin Release From Bovine Endometrial Cells Through An Nf-?B-Dependent Signaling Mechanism, Lokenga Badinga, Mehmet Şükrü Gülay, Alan Ealy

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Although their action in antagonizing arachidonic acid metabolism is a key antiinflammatory effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), these molecules have other antiinflammatory effects that might occur upstream of altered eicosanoid production. We examined the effects of two CLA isomers (c9,t11 and t10,c12 isomers), n-3 PUFA (EPA and DHA), and ΚNF-ΚB inhibitor (ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC)) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced secretion of prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGF2a) by bovine endometrial (BEND) cells. LPS increased PGE2 and PGF2a concentrations in BEND cell-conditioned media in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The c9,t11 CLA isomer and EPA decreased …

Age-Related Changes In The Growth Performance, Meat Quality, And Oxidativeprocesses In Breast Muscles Of Three Chicken Genotypes, Monika Michalczuk, Artur Józwik, Krzysztof Damaziak, Zaneta Zdanowska-Sasiadek, Agata Marzec, Dariusz Gozdowski, Nina Strzalkowska

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine growth performance, meat quality, and oxidative changes in breast muscles depending on the genotype and age of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted on 1080 chickens: fast-growing Cobb 500, medium-growing Hubbard JA957, and a slow-growing experimental line. Chickens from all genetic groups were reared on litter for 8 weeks, but from the 5th week of age, 15 chickens from each group were slaughtered every week. After slaughter at weeks 5, 6, 7, and 8 of chickens? lives, their muscles were sampled for chemical composition, fatty acid profile, and cholesterol. Contents of reduced …

Effects Of Full-Fat Soybean Diet On Performance, Carcass Characteristics,And Fatty Acid Composition Of Hanwoo Steers, Sungil Kim, Jihong Lee, Sungkwon Park

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effect of dietary full-fat soybean on performance and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers was investigated. Thirty steers (653 ± 52.96 kg) were allotted to control and full-fat soybean groups with a 210-day comparative feedlot trial. Steers were fed either the basal finishing diet (control) or control plus 5% full-fat soybean, using Calan gates for individual intake measurement. There was no difference in BW, feed intake, carcass weight, backfat thickness, loin muscle area, or meat color between groups. The average daily gain was greater (P < 0.05) in the soybean group compared to the control group. Steers fed soybean showed a lower feed conversion ratio than the controls. Marbling in the soybean group was greater (P < 0.05) than that in the control group. Supplementary full-fat soybean increased (P < 0.05) crude fat but decreased (P < 0.05) crude protein content in the longissimus muscle. Full-fat soybean increased (P < 0.05) total unsaturated fatty acids, including the levels of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid but, consequently, decreased (P < 0.05) total saturated fatty acids. Levels of conjugated linoleic acid, and its major precursor trans-vaccenic acid, were significantly increased by soybean supplementation. Our results demonstrate that full-fat soybeans may offer a better way to produce healthier beef with increased unsaturated fatty acids.

Influence Of Different Proteinaceous Diets On Consumption, Brood Rearing,And Honey Bee Quality Parameters Under Isolation Conditions, Abdulraouf Amro, Mohamed Omar, Ahmed Al-Ghamdi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of 5 proteinaceous diets on honey bees under isolation conditions. The diets were soybean meal, mesquite pod powder, date paste, Feedbee®, and corn gluten, along with control colonies (bees fed naturally on pollens). These 5 diets were supplied to honey bee colonies under isolation conditions, except for the control group. Food consumption amount, brood rearing activity, and some physiological parameters of the honey bees were measured. The best consumption amount was for date paste, followed by Feedbee, mesquite, and corn gluten, respectively. Concerning brood rearing activity, the highest mean of sealed …

Gross Responses And Apparent Ileal Digestibility Of Amino Acids And Minerals In Broiler Chicken Fed Vegetable-Based Starter Diets Supplemented With Microbial Enzymes, Mohammad Abul Hossain, Paul Ade Iji, Al-Farooq Mohammad Fakhrul Islam

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of diet and exogenous enzymes on growth responses and micronutrient digestibility of broilers. Day-old broilers (n = 256) were distributed into a 2 x 2 factorial design and were fed on two basal diets: soybean (T1) or canola (T2) meals as such, or supplemented with enzymes up to 21 days. Feed intake (FI) and live weight (LW) to 21 days on the T2 diet was higher (P < 0.001) than that on T1. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better (P < 0.01) on T1 than on T2 at 21 days. Enzymes generally improved (P < 0.001) FI, FCR, and LW. The digestibility of histidine was higher (P < 0.05) on T2, but lysine digestibility was higher (P < 0.01) on T1 at 21 days. Histidine, threonine, lysine, valine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine digestibility was improved (P < 0.05) in the supplemented diets. Mineral digestibility was unaffected (P > 0.05) by diet, but enzymes increased (P < 0.05) digestibility of P, K, Mn, and Cu at 21 days. The digestibility of Cu, Zn, and Mg was higher (P < 0.05) on T2, whereas Ca digestibility was greater (P < 0.05) on the T1 diet. Broilers' growth responded positively to enzyme diets, probably due to improvement in nutrient digestibility.

Evaluation Of Tear And Serum Trace Elements (Copper, Selenium, And Cobalt) In Sheep, Duygu Tarhan, Si̇nem Ülgen, Fatma Ateş Alkan, Di̇lek Olgun Erdi̇kmen, Çağla Parkan Yaramiş, Mehmet Erman Or, Ümi̇t Bora Barutçu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Metabolic diseases such as enzootic ataxia, white muscle disease, and white liver disease are among the most important problems of livestock for sheep. The aim of this study was to analyze whether tears can be used as an alternative diagnostic method in determination of diseases that result from lack or excess of copper, selenium, and cobalt. Samples of serum and tears taken from 45 healthy sheep of the Kivircik breed aged between 2 and 4 years were analyzed. The concentrations of copper, selenium, and cobalt were measured in serum and tears as 118.0 ± 36.0, 58.0 ± 15.0, and 0.5 …

Investigation Of Serum Testosterone Level, Scrotal Circumference, Body Mass,Semen Characteristics, And Their Correlations In Developing Mis Lambs, Nevena Maksimovic, Slavca Hristov, Branislav Stankovic, Milan P. Petrovic, Cvijan Mekic, Dragana Ruzic-Muslic, Violeta Caro-Petrovic

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate changes of serum testosterone, scrotal circumference, body weight, and semen characteristics in a Meat Institute Sheep (MIS) population during their developing period (between 3 and 17 months). Correlative relationships among parameters were also tested. Body weight and scrotal circumference were measured monthly, blood samples for testosterone levels were taken bimonthly (3-17 months), and semen samples were collected by an electroejaculator between the ages of 9 and 17 months. The analysis showed that the average serum testosterone levels ranged from 1.83 to 13.28 ng/mL and significantly depended on the age of the lambs …

Quality Of Oocytes In Prepubertal And Pubertal Swine, Rita Grabowska, Barbara Blaszczyk, Tomasz Stankiewicz, Tomasz Banas, Sarah Hale, Jan Udala

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In vitro fertilization is a common method of fertilization in the case of both humans and animals. Although this method has developed very rapidly, there are still many unanswered questions about the optimal characteristics that oocytes should have for performing this procedure. The object of this study was to describe the correlation between the diameter and size of swine oocytes in relation to pubescence. The research was conducted on ovaries of piglets (n = 65) and adult swine (n = 69). Each oocyte was examined with and without the zona pellucida. The analysis showed that the average size of the …

Chemical And Tissue Composition Of Meat From Carcass Cuts Of Localgoats Affected By Different Feeding In Tunisian Arid Lands, Naziha Ayeb, Asma Ghrab, Ahmed Barmat, Touhami Khorchani

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

An experiment was conducted to find out the nutritive value of different cuts of goat carcass. Meat samples were obtained from goat kids in Tunisia. Twenty-six indigenous kids were divided into three groups: oat hay (control), dried olive leaves + dried Stipa tenacissima, and grass hay. The cuts were the shoulder, chest, and leg of each goat carcass. Tissue compositions of different cuts and meat physicochemical parameters were determined. Percentage of muscle was higher in shoulders (61.57%) and legs (58.89%). The percentage of fat was higher in the chest (24.74%). Percentage of bone was higher in legs and shoulders. The …

Effect Of Oxytocin On Milk Proteins And Fatty Acid Profile Insahiwal Cows During Lactation Periods, Aneela Hameed, Faqir Muhammad Anjum, Tahir Zahoor, Zia Ur-Rahman, Saeed Akhtar, Majid Hussain

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Bovine milk, a rich source of proteins and fatty acids, has a beneficial impact on physicochemical and organoleptic properties. The current study was planned to identify oxytocin's effects on protein and fatty acid profiles of cow milk (the Sahiwal breed) at various lactation stages (early, middle, and late) under a controlled atmosphere and feeding inputs. Examination of milk protein and fatty acid profiles by urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry respectively revealed the significant effect (P < 0.01) of oxytocin during the cow's lactation stages. In electrophoretic patterns, casein (αs1-CN, αs2-CN, β-CN, and k-CN) and whey protein fractions (Ig, BSA, β-Lg, and α-La) appeared as low-intensity bands in oxytocin-injected milk when compared to the control. Reductions in concentrations of fatty acids C16:0 (25.00%) and C18:1 (21.60%) were observed in oxytocin-treated milk as compared to the control group (29.30% and 29.10%, respectively) at late lactation.

The Treatment Of Distal Metacarpus Fracture With Locking Compression Plate In Calves*, Ali̇ Belge, İbrahi̇m Akin, Ali̇ Gülaydin, Muhammed Fati̇h Yazici

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of locking compression plates for the treatment of distal metacarpal fractures in calves. The metacarpus was stabilized using a stainless steel locking compression plate with fully threaded locking head screws. The calves started weight-bearing partially after the first postoperative day and resumed complete weight-bearing after day 10. Callus formation was obtained at the end of the 3rd week and completed at the end of the 8th week, and complete healing was seen at the 12th week in radiographs. The limbs were in good alignment, the calves were fully weight-bearing, and client …

Cryopreservation Of Seabream (Sparus Aurata) Semen And Fertility, Mehmet Borga Tirpan, Erkut Dervi̇ş Özgöray, Havva Alemdar, Ergün Akçay

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the aim was to reveal spermatological parameters of seabream (Sparus aurata), freezing ability of semen in different extenders, and fertilization capacity of frozen seabream semen. The study was conducted with 10 male and 6 female brooder seabreams. Female fish were synchronized by photoperiod and water temperature in the breeding season. Four different extenders [Mounib, Salty Mounib, Ringer, and sea water (1% NaCl)] including 10% dimethyl sulfoxide were used to assess the freezing ability of seabream semen. After postthaw spermatological examinations, three successful extenders (Mounib, Ringer, 1% NaCl) were chosen for the fertilization stage and 2 control and …

Presence Of Carbohydrate-Digesting Enzymes Throughout The Digestive Tract Of Sheep, Renata Miltko, Grzegorz Belzecki, Barbara Kowalik, Jacek Skomial

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The activity of enzymes that digest carbohydrates at various points in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep was examined. In addition, weight and contents of digestive tract segments were examined. The experiment was performed on six adult ewes fed an 85% hay diet. The morphometric measurements revealed that the alimentary tract constituted 32% of the sheep's body mass and wet rumen contents constituted 70% of wet mass of the total digestive tract content. The protozoal population in the rumen varied from 37.2 × 104 to 54.0 × 104/mL rumen fluid. In the examined samples, ciliates were identified as belonging to the …

The Animal Welfare Act At Fifty: Problems And Possibilities In Animal Testing Regulation, Courtney G. Lee

Nebraska Law Review

I. Introduction

II. Background of the Animal Welfare Act ... A. Enactment and Evolution ... B. Early Amendments ... C. Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals Act of 1985 ... D. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees ... E. IACUC Effectiveness

III. Coverage of the AWA ... A. What Is an “Animal” under the AWA? ... B. Legislative Background of the Definition ... C. Sentience of Unprotected Species

IV. The Effectiveness and Necessity of Animal Testing ... A. Is Animal Experimentation Effective? ... B. Alternatives to Animal Testing ... 1. In Vitro Testing ... 2. In Silico Testing ... 3. Alternative …

Nutritional Consequences Of Various Ingredients In Broilers, Turkeys, And Swine, Kolby L. Foltz

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Experiments were conducted to evaluate various ingredients' effects on broiler, turkey, and porcine performance, as well as feed mill efficacy. In chapter 2, the effects of zinc (Zn) supplement source and corn particle size on broiler performance, breast yield, and tibia ash were assessed from d 1-40. Zinc treatments included a basal diet (no added Zn), 80 mg/kg Zn sulfate, and three diets with 40 mg/kg Zn sulfate + 40 mg/kg of varying Zn amino acid chelates, and corn particle size was either 550 mum or 1,050 mum. Broilers fed diets containing 550 ?m corn had higher feed intake (FI) …

Molecular Characterization Of Lhx8, An Oocyte-Specific Transcription Factor, And Its Interacting Proteins In Rainbow Trout And Cattle, Liyuan Fu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

LIM homeobox 8 (Lhx8) is an important transcription factor that is preferentially expressed in germ cells. Lhx8 null mice are infertile due to lack of oocytes and impairment of the transition from primordial follicles to primary follicles. Lhx8 deficiency also affects the expression of many important oocyte-specific genes. To date, no attempts have been made to investigate the existence of any cellular factors that might interact with Lhx8 protein in oocytes and early embryos. In this study, we report the characterization of rainbow trout and bovine Lhx8 genes and identification of important germ cell-specific nuclear factors that interact with Lhx8 …

The Effects Of Feed Ingredients And Manufacture Technique On Pellet Quality And Phytase Inclusion Levels On Broiler Performance, Tyler R. Rigby

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of different ingredients and manufacture techniques on the quality of pellets being produced as well as to examine how broiler performance will be affected by the dose of phytase product included in the diet. Chapter 3 explores the effects of a manipulation of either feed ingredient or manufacture technique (referred to as concern areas) on manufacture and pellet quality variables. Treatments included high or low mixer-added fat (2.5 vs. 0.5%), high or low distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) (8 vs. 2%), high or low dicalcium phosphate (1.63 vs. 0.31%), and high or …

Switchgrass And Miscanthus Biomass And Theoretical Ethanol Production From Reclaimed Mine Lands In West Virginia, Steffany M. Scagline

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Awareness of environmental issues surrounding current energy practices has opened doors for new possibilities for energy solutions. The 2003 Energy Independence and Security Act mandates that by the year 2022, 16 billion gallons per year of fuel in the United States (U.S.) will be coming from cellulosic bioenergy sources. Herbaceous crop species like switchgrass have been proposed as potential cellulosic crops to meet future energy needs. Switchgrass is a native warm season grass to North America and has been studied on marginal lands and reclaimed mine lands for biomass production capabilities in the U.S. Another species which has been considered …

Health Literacy: Exploring Health Knowledge Transfer In Online Healthcare Communities, Yanyan Shang, Jun Liu

Research & Publications

The knowledge-intensive nature of healthcare enables health literacy playing a key role on the quality of healthcare. This study aims at understanding the factors that affect the effectiveness of health knowledge transfer in online healthcare communities. The findings can be used as guidelines for the development and management of the online healthcare communities to improve user experience, and to provide a means to disseminate healthcare information, to enhance healthcare education, and to facilitate a wide range of interactions between patients and healthcare delivery system.

The Importance Of Motivation, Weapons, And Foul Odors In Driving Encounter Competition In Carnivores, Maximilian L. Allen, Christopher C. Wilmers, L. Mark Elbroch, Julie M. Golla, Heiko U. Wittmer

Environment and Society Faculty Publications

Encounter competition is interference competition in which animals directly contend for resources. Ecological theory predicts the trait that determines the resource holding potential (RHP), and hence the winner of encounter competition, is most often body size or mass. The difficulties of observing encounter competition in complex organisms in natural environments, however, has limited opportunities to test this theory across diverse species. We studied the outcome of encounter competition contests among mesocarnivores at deer carcasses in California to determine the most important variables for winning these contests. We found some support for current theory in that body mass is important in …

An Analysis Of Folic Acid Supplementation In Women Presenting For Antenatal Care, Shona Cawley, Laura Mullaney, Aoife Mckeating, Maria Farren, Daniel Mccartney, Michael Turner

Articles

Background: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are major congenital malformations that are potentially preventable if the woman takes periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplements. A recent report found that NTD incidence had increased in Ireland. This study examined the usage of FA supplementation in women presenting for antenatal care in a maternity hospital.

The Relationship Between Ventilatory Threshold And Repeated-Sprint Ability In Hockey Players, Matthew Robert Lowery

Theses and Dissertations

The relationship between ventilatory threshold (VT1, VT2) and repeated-sprint ability (RSA) in competitive male ice-hockey players was investigated. Forty-three male ice-hockey players (age 20.0 ± 1.4 years; height 182.5 ± 6.3 cm; body mass 84.8 ± 6.5 kg; percent body fat 11.8 ± 2.8%; relative O2peak 55.0 ± 4.5 mL/kg/min) competing at the Division I, Division III, and Junior A level volunteered to participate in the study during the off-season. Participants first performed an incremental graded exercise test on a skate treadmill to determine their VO2peak, final stage completed, VT1, stage at VT1, VT2, and stage at VT2. Analysis of …

New Mothers' Perceptions Of Breastfeeding, The Transition To Parenthood, And The Partner Alliance: A Grounded Theory Study, Jennifer Amy Munch

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine first-time mothers’ perceptions of the interaction between their partner relationship, transition to parenthood, and breastfeeding. The study utilized the qualitative method of constructivist grounded theory (CGT) to achieve these means. Participants included eight primiparous and cohabiting and partnered mothers. Each participant was between 3 to 8 months postpartum when they completed a semi-structured 1.5 to 2 hour phone interview. They were asked questions related to their experiences with becoming new parents and breastfeeding, including changes, challenges, and overcoming barriers. They were also asked to share their views and feelings related to their …

Gvsu Undergraduate And Graduate Catalog, 2016-2017, Grand Valley State University

Course Catalogs, 1963 - Current

Grand Valley State University 2016-2017 undergraduate and/or graduate course catalog published annually to provide students with information and guidance for enrollment.

Hepatitis C Virus In Mexican Americans: A Population-Based Study Reveals Relatively High Prevalence And Negative Association With Diabetes, Gordon P. Watt, Kristina Vatcheva, Laura Beretta, Jen-Jung Pan, Michael Fallon, Joseph B. Mccormick, Susan P. Fisher-Hoch

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Mexican Americans living in South Texas. We tested plasma for the presence of HCV antibody from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC), a randomized, population-based cohort in an economically disadvantaged Mexican American community on the United States/Mexico border with high rates of chronic disease. A weighted prevalence of HCV antibody of 2·3% [n = 1131, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·2-3·4] was found. Participants with diabetes had low rates of HCV antibody (0·4%, 95% CI 0·0-0·9) and logistic regression revealed a statistically significant negative …

Enhancing Cowpea Production Through Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation And Wide Interspecific Crosses, Marjorie Bonareri Oruru

All Master’s Theses

Cowpea is a multipurpose legume crop that serves as human food, livestock fodder, and income source and is widely produced in sub-Saharan Africa. Soil fertility and attack by insect pests and diseases are significant limitations to its production. Although farm inputs such as phosphate-rich fertilizers and pesticides can solve the mentioned constraints, they are costly for resource-poor farmers. This study aimed at determining the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on AMF root colonization and growth of cowpea. Additionally, it aimed at developing an insect-pest resistant hybrid by crossing the cultivated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) with a wild (Vigna vexillata) accession. …

Evaluation Of Knowledge And Practices Of Managing Citrus Pests And Diseases And The Willingness To Pay For An Integrated Pest Management Strategy In Selected Counties In Kenya, Dorothy Wangui Gitahi

All Master’s Theses

Citrus is a major source of income in Kenya for both large and small scale farmers. However, citrus productivity has been declining over the years mainly due to pests and diseases, particularly the African Citrus Triozid (ACT), Huanglongbing (HLB) and False Codling Moth (FCM). Management of pests and diseases is sorely dependent on synthetic pesticides, which not only increases production costs but also are associated with high health and environmental risks. Use of integrated pest management (IPM) is recommended as a more sustainable alternative to widespread broad-spectrum chemical pesticide application. The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) and …

Potential Economic Impact Of Integrated Thrips Management In French Bean And Tomato In Loitokitok And Mwea Sub - Counties Of Kenya, Esther A. Mujuka

All Master’s Theses

In Kenya, thrips inflict nearly 60-80% and 80% yield loss in French bean and tomato, respectively. Management of thrips in horticulture is currently based on application of pesticides. In addition to increased environmental risks associated with pesticides, frequent use of these chemicals substantially increase production costs and pesticide resistance. Further, exports are limited due to non-compliance to Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) in important consumer export countries especially the European Union (EU). International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) and its partners are proposing the use of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for the control and management of thrips and tospoviruses …

Assessment Of Conservation Agriculture As An Adaptation Option To Climate Change In The Taita Hills, Kenya, Lilian K. Motaroki

All Master’s Theses

Climate Change and Variability affects water supply and food security, especially in developing countries where many small-scale farmers rely on rain-fed agriculture for food production and as a main source of livelihood. The extent of the effects of climate change and variability on these small-scale producers largely depends on their level of adaptation, adaptive capacity, exposure and vulnerability. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Conservation Agriculture (CA) as a possible adaptation tool for farmers to climate change and variability in the Taita Hills, Kenya. A mixed research methodology was used entailing literature review, participatory methods, household surveys and experimental field …