Digital Commons Network^™

"I Always Worry About What Might Happen Ahead" : Implementing Safer Conception Services In The Current Environment Of Reproductive Counseling For Hiv-Affected Men And Women In Uganda, Lynn T. Matthews, Francis Bajunirwe, Jasmine Kastner, Naomi Sanyu, Cecilia Akatukwasa, Courtney Ng, Rachel Rifkin, Cecilia Milford, Lizzie Moore, Ira B. Wilson, David Bangsberg, Jennifer A. Smit, Angela Kaida

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background. We explored healthcare provider perspectives and practices regarding safer conception counseling for HIV-affected clients. Methods.We conducted semistructured interviews with 38 providers (medical and clinical officers, nurses, peer counselors, and village health workers) delivering care to HIV-infected clients across 5 healthcare centres in Mbarara District, Uganda. Interview transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. Results. Of 38 providers, 76% were women with median age 34 years (range 24–57). First, we discuss providers’ reproductive counseling practices. Emergent themes include that providers (1) assess reproductive goals of HIV-infected female clients frequently, but infrequently for male clients; (2) offer counseling focused on “family planning” …

The Effect Of Family Meal Style Service And Modeling Techniques On Dietary Consumption And Eating Behaviors For Toddlers In A Developmental Play Group, Emily V. Mitchell

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

A balanced diet is fundamental in growth and development. The toddler and preschool years represent a time of cognitive, emotional, and social development. Many children's dietary intake does not meet the recommendations established by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and he U.S. Department of Agriculture. Specifically, there is a concern regarding fruit and vegetable intake. Picky/ selective eating patterns are common among children, but have been shown to be more prevalent and ongoing in children with developmental delays. Family meal style service has been shown to promote a balanced diet, and thus a useful tool for combating …

Investigating The Context-Dependent Effects Of Plant Mutualists On Plant And Herbivore Performance In An Agricultural Legume, Catherine Ann Ausland

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Nutritional symbioses between plants and plant-root mutualists are not only important players in nutrient acquisition by plants but contribute to nutrient cycling, biological community composition and even plant defense elicitation. Furthermore, several studies have purported that anthropogenic nutrient loading may disrupt these symbioses by effectively removing plant dependence on symbionts for nutrient acquisition, while some have evidenced that the presence of another symbiont may ameliorate the negative effects of nutrient loading on said first symbiont. In addition, less is known on how nutrient loading effects may influence higher trophic levels, such as insect herbivores. This study investigated how arbuscular mycorrhizal …

Rendered Invisible: African American Low-Wage Workers And The Workplace Exploitation Paradigm, Llezlie Coleman

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

The narrative of low-wage worker exploitation has increasingly narrowed in focus to reflect the experiences of undocumented immigrant workers whose immigration status makes them particularly vulnerable to wage theft and other denials of their substantive workplace rights. Indeed, much of the scholarship in this area rests solidly at the intersection of immigrant justice and employment law. This article disrupts this paradigm by arguing that this limited narrative has rendered African American low-wage workers invisible. It also draws from the voices of low-wage worker advocates who have borrowed from current activism to announce that #BlackWorkersMatter. Given the role of paradigms in …

Applying The Health Justice Framework To Diabetes As A Community-Managed Social Phenomenon, Lindsay Wiley

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

INTRODUCTION: In East Harlem, it is possible to take any simple nexus of people -the line at an A.T.M., a portion of a postal route, the members of a church choir -and trace an invisible web of diabetes that stretches through the group and out into the neighborhood, touching nearly every life with its menace.Ten years ago, the New York Times published "Bad Blood," a series of articles examining the impact of diabetes on the residents of New York City. In the years that followed, New York pioneered a series of groundbreaking legal interventions, including implementing measures to track diabetes …

Hang Cleans And Hang Snatches Produce Similar Improvements In Female Collegiate Athletes, J L. Ayers, M Debeliso, Trish Sevene, K J. Adams

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Olympic weightlifting movements and their variations are believed to be among the most effective ways to improve power, strength, and speed in athletes. This study investigated the effects of two Olympic weightlifting variations (hang cleans and hang snatches), on power (vertical jump height), strength (1RM back squat), and speed (40-yard sprint) in female collegiate athletes. 23 NCAA Division I female athletes were randomly assigned to either a hang clean group or hang snatch group. Athletes participated in two workout sessions a week for six weeks, performing either hang cleans or hang snatches for five sets of three repetitions with a …

Post Activation Potentiation In North American High School Football Players, Granite Tano, Alan Bishop, Joe Berning, Kent J. Adams, Mark Debeliso

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Post activation potentiation (PAP) is an acute enhancement of muscular power production resulting from a high intensity potentiating exercise. Practical applications of the PAP phenomena as a warmup strategy are the focus of ongoing research. This study compared the effects of a dynamic and a PAP warm up strategy on speed and horizontal plane muscular power output. High School male football players (n = 16) participated in a repeated measures cross over design study consisting of 3 testing days. Day 1: one repetition maximum (1-RM) back squats were established. Day 2: half of the participants completed a dynamic warmup …

Comparison Of The Effect Of Rocuronium Dosing Based On Corrected Or Lean Body Weight On Rapid Sequence Induction And Neuromuscular Blockade Duration In Obese Female Patients, Bahar Sakızcı-Uyar, Şeref Çelik, Aysun Postacı, Yeşim Bayraktar, Bayazit Dikmen, Işıl Özkoçak-Turan, Özlem Saçan

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To compare onset time, duration of action, and tracheal intubation conditions in obese patients when the intubation dose of rocuronium was based on corrected body weight (CBW) versus lean body weight (LBW) for rapid sequence induction. Methods: This prospective study was carried out at Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey between August 2013 and May 2014. Forty female obese patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomized into 2 groups. Group CBW (n=20) received 1.2 mg/kg rocuronium based on CBW, and group LBW (n=20) received 1.2 mg/kg rocuronium based on LBW. Endotracheal intubation was performed 60 …

Healthcare Stereotype Threat In Older Adults In The Health And Retirement Study, Adam W. Fingerhut, Cleopatra M. Abdou, James S. Jackson, Felicia Wheaton

Psychological Science Faculty Works

Introduction

Healthcare stereotype threat is the threat of being personally reduced to group stereotypes that commonly operate within the healthcare domain, including stereotypes regarding unhealthy lifestyles and inferior intelligence. The objective of this study was to assess the extent to which people fear being judged in healthcare contexts on several characteristics, including race/ethnicity and age, and to test predictions that experience of such threats would be connected with poorer health and negative perceptions of health care.

Methods

Data were collected as part of the 2012 Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A module on healthcare stereotype threat, designed by the research …

Cardiometabolic Health Among Cancer Survivors: A 13-Week Pilot Study Of A Combined Aerobic And Resistance Training Program, Hawley Almstedt, Heather Tarleton

Health and Human Sciences Faculty Works

Purpose/Objectives: To explore the feasibility of combined aerobic and resistance training (CART) as a safe method of improving cardiometabolic health among cancer survivors. Design: Descriptive and longitudinal pilot study for exercise intervention. Setting: University campus in Los Angeles, California. Sample: A multiethnic population of cancer survivors (N = 11) was recruited by convenience sampling and physician referral. Methods: Consenting participants were prescribed CART for one hour per day, three days per week for 13 weeks. Main Research Variables: Components of cardiometabolic health were measured, including resting heart rate (HRrest), blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and …

Combined Aerobic And Resistance Training Improves Bone Health Of Female Cancer Survivors, Hawley Almstedt, Todd Shoepe, Heather Tarleton, Sarah Strand, Stephanie Perez Beaudion

Health and Human Sciences Faculty Works

Cancer pathogenesis and resulting treatment may lead to bone loss and poor skeletal health in survivorship. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of 26 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance-training (CART) exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) in a multi-racial sample of female cancer survivors. Methods Twenty-six female cancer survivors volunteered to undergo CART for 1 h/day, 3 days/week, for 26 weeks. The Improving Physical Activity After Cancer Treatment (IMPAACT) Program involves supervised group exercise sessions including 20 min of cardiorespiratory training, 25 min of circuit-style resistance-training, and 15 min of abdominal exercises and stretching. BMD …

Philosophy And Theology: Reflections On Debating Dignity, Christopher Kaczor

Philosophy Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Understanding Cultural Health Beliefs And Practices In Ghana, Africa, Jamie Wossilek, Rachel Patterson

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Abstract

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences and perceptions of university students and faculty after going on a medical mission trip to Ghana, Africa related to the health and illness beliefs of the Ghanaian people.

Background. Many organizations plan and conduct health mission trips. Although, many organizations are focused on improving health in developing countries, some may not understand cultural values and the health problems in those countries. “Improving health” is a complicated problem in developing countries and is hard to understand how those in the countries recognize health and illness.

Methodology. A purposeful, convenience …

Association Of Running Biomechanics And Injury In Middle School Cross Country Runners, Rachel Salberg

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

INTRODUCTION: While associations between running biomechanics and injury incidence have been fairly well investigated in the adult population, few studies have targeted the adolescent population. Since the adolescent developmental stage places certain vulnerabilities on athletes, adolescents typically sustain injuries that differ from those of adults (DiFiori J.P., et al, 2014). Due to these vulnerabilities, it would be relevant to investigate the biomechanics-injury relationship specifically in this population. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations that exist between running gait characteristics and incidence of injury for middle school cross country runners METHODS: The running gait of 19 …

American Obesity: Rooted In Uncertainty, Institutions And Public Policy, James Woodward

Theses and Dissertations--Public Policy and Administration

Despite the efforts of policymakers, medical professionals, and other stakeholders, obesity and related health problems show no signs of receding from their record-high rates. Public policy has largely taken the form of consumer advice, (e.g., USDA’s Dietary Guidelines). Since consumers bear most of the costs associated with their obesity, the goal of obesity prevention appears to be incentive-compatible, prima facie. That is, there is no a priori case for much further policy intervention unless existing advice is deficient or consumers’ exhibit systematically poor decision-making.

My review of the literature shows that scholars have long conveyed a consistent narrative regarding …

Perceived Lack Of Teacher Empathy And Remedial Classroom Conflicts, Henry Young

Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations

In light of earlier research pertaining to empathy, it is reasonable to believe that certain teachers feel empathic toward students in remedial classrooms. It is also evident that teacher empathy is something that students relish. However, a perceived lack of teacher empathy among students in remedial classes is a concern. The general problem addressed in the study was the effect of teachers’ lack of empathy on remedial college students’ perceptions of teacher–student conflict. The specific problem addressed in the study was the limited research on the impact of teachers’ empathy on remedial students’ perceptions. The purposes of the study were …

The “Weight” Of Socio-Economic Status, Race/Ethnicity, And Gender: A Systematic Examination Of Obesity And Its Co-Morbidities, Gabriele Ciciurkaite

Theses and Dissertations--Sociology

Although extensive research exists on the association between SES and obesity and its patterning across separate gender and racial/ethnic groups, critical gaps remain. In particular, the majority of studies on the SES-BMI association have examined it in additive models without simultaneously considering the influence of gender and race/ethnicity. An additional limitation of the current obesity scholarship concerns the lack of scholarship addressing the interplay between social factors, such as SES, race/ethnicity, gender, and proximate health risk factors, such as BMI, in shaping obesity-related chronic health outcomes, especially considering that health outcomes may vary in the extent to which they may …

Making Health A Priority: Constrained Choices At The Grocery Store, Christy F. Brady

Theses and Dissertations--Sociology

Mounting evidence of the deleterious health effects of poor diet, obesity, and correlated conditions underscore the need to understand how social factors influence food choices. A variety of factors contribute to the diets that Americans consume including limited time, limited income, lack of cooking skills, food deserts, and cheap, convenient foods in abundant portions in grocery stores and restaurants. These contextual factors serve as constraints that impact an individual’s ability to prioritize health when shopping for food. Using the three paper dissertation format, this project will utilize a Constrained Choice Theory (CCT) framework to investigate sociodemographic trends in priorities in …

Linking Protistan Herbivory To Environmental And Biotic Controls, Françoise Morison

Open Access Dissertations

Phagotrophic protists have been established as the major consumers of ocean primary production and as such occupy a pivotal position in pelagic food webs, yet knowledge gaps remain regarding the seasonal and spatial variability of protistan grazing, and of its drivers, both environmental and biotic. The aim of the present research was to address such gaps. To do so, I gathered field measurements and observations and evaluated modifications and alternatives to current methods used to estimate grazing rates and characterize plankton communities. In a study conducted in the Western Antarctic Peninsula aimed at quantifying the seasonal variability of protistan herbivory …

Using Sbar To Decrease Transfers From The Long-Term Care To The Emergency Room, Phyllis Marie Bowers Garrett

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Care of the elderly, long-term care resident in the emergency department is an issue of importance because of the overall impact on healthcare costs, potential for negative outcomes for the resident, and the loss of revenue. The purpose of this project was to decrease avoidable transfer of residents to the Emergency Department. Using the Antecedent, Target, Measurement logic model, poor quality assessment data was deemed the antecedent of the avoidable transfer. The goal of the project was the implementation of a standardized process of assessment that would have decreased avoidable transfer of the resident. The project would have involved training …

Differences In Treatment-Seeking And Treatment-Adherence Factors For Tuberculosis In Armenian Versus Non-Armenian Populations Of Los Angeles County, Tanya Marie Ferguson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Tuberculosis (TB) is a deadly, yet curable, infectious disease that continues to be a global health threat. Armenia suffers from rising TB incidence and mortality rates. Armenians living in Los Angeles (LA) County, where TB incidence is higher than national averages, is the second largest Armenian community in the world; therefore implications are that many TB cases are attributed to this group. Using the social ecological model as a theoretical framework, this concurrent, mixed-methods study compared Armenians to non-Armenians in LA County about their knowledge of TB and perceived barriers to seeking and adhering to treatment. Bivariate chi-square analysis from …

African American Single Mothers' Perceptions Of Physical Activity, Sheryl Lynn Richard

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Insufficient physical activity detracts from healthy living and has a disparate impact on African American women and their female children. The extensive body of prior research addressing preventable chronic disease and other consequences of insufficient physical activity includes limited information specific to African American single mothers. The purpose of this descriptive phenomenological study was to gain an understanding of African American single mothers' perceptions of physical activity. Specifically investigated were African American women's familial influences and potential effects of these influences on their children's health behaviors. The health belief model served as the theoretical framework for this study and provided …

Oral Health Status And Oral Hygiene Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices Of Jail Inmates, April Lee Wendling

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The oral health and hygiene of incarcerated populations, both in the United States and globally, is known to be poorer than that of the general population. This study examined the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease and the relationships between oral health status and the oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices of jail inmates housed in a large metropolitan jail located in the midwestern United States. This cross-sectional study collected data from 100 inmates using a 21-item closed-ended questionnaire in addition to oral examinations conducted by the jail's dentist to determine the extent of dental caries and periodontal disease …

Improving Self-Management In Patients With Chronic Conditions, Jeryl Yvette Horton

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Care Coordination Home Telehealth (CCHT) maintains a positive impact on the delivery of patient care in the primary care clinic at the Department of Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC). This quality improvement initiative targets patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These patient are frequently seen in the emergency room, and are often admitted to the hospital, where they saturate the outpatient clinics' waiting room with multiple walk-ins. CCHT has, to some extent, reduced walk-ins, emergency room visits, and hospitalization while minimizing the strain on access to care at the VAMC. Sustaining …

Water Management Efficiency In The Food And Beverage Industry, Maria Del C Reyes Torres

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Water is critical for food production, food security, and health. Water quality management influences freshwater sustainability, land, and energy administration. Global agriculture accounts for more than 70% of all water consumption; the fertilizer, manure, and pesticide overspills are chief sources of water pollution worldwide. On a global scale, food-related waste directly impacts local food production and water resource management. The purpose of this multiple-case study on the food and beverage (FB) industry in the State of Georgia was to identify successful strategies for improving water management efficiency. The concepts of systems thinking, adaptive resource management, and integrated water resource management …

Poverty, Food Insecurity, And Obesity Among Urban And Rural Populations, Tameka Ivory Walls

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Over 17 million food-insecure households are associated with increasing obesity rates across the United States. Although food insecurity and obesity are distinct social concerns, the two are linked and may be influenced by poverty and geographic location. Public health authorities and state leaders responsible for the health and nutrition of rural populations in particular would benefit from this information. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to examine whether poverty mediated the relationship between food insecurity and obesity among urban and rural adults. The study was guided by the poverty, food insecurity, and obesity conceptual framework. The study addressed …

Socioeconomic Status As A Predictor Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Hilaire Saint-Pierre

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

While epidemiological research has generated new knowledge about the treatment and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through smoking secession, the socioeconomic status (SES) of people with the disease has been under investigated. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the predictability of association between SES and COPD. This study was based on the ecological theory, which states that health and disease may have multiple underlying factors. This study was a secondary analysis of archived data from the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR). The dataset was collected for the National Survey of Midlife Development …

Methylmercury Exposure Via Canned Tuna Fish Consumption And Breast Cancer, Jennifer Bodenrader

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Widespread consumption of canned tuna fish since the 1950s may explain some of the increase in breast cancer prevalence in the United States and Europe. Although canned tuna is the primary source of human exposure to methylmercury, its role as an estrogen activating metalloestrogen has been overlooked in the etiology and incidence of breast cancer. Carcinogenic theory asserts that increased exposure to estrogen elevates the risk of breast cancer. The purpose of this population-based, case control study was to examine the association between canned tuna consumption, total blood mercury, and breast cancer in the NHANES 2003-2006 surveys. A multivariable logistic …

The Ability To Purchase Organic Food Items Among Participants Of The Women, Infants, And Children Program In Los Angeles County, Brenna Colleen Doran

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Lack of accessibility to healthy foods is a factor associated with the increase in obesity, diabetes, and other negative health consequences. While programs such as WIC (Women, Infants, and Children) provide supplemental nutritional access to healthy foods, few organic food items are included in the WIC authorized food list. Government programs and policy makers that provide to the most vulnerable populations are concerned about equal availability of healthy foods. The purpose of this study was to compare variability and cost of organic food items in 24 large chain grocery stores located in high- and low-income areas. The theoretical concepts of …

Socioeconomic Responsibility And Its Effect On Hypertension Among West African Immigrants In The United States, Chryss Arekhandia Okonofua

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Native-born African Americans (NBAA) bear a disproportionate burden of the effect of hypertension (HTN) in comparison to other racial groups in the United States. West African immigrants (Foreign-born African Americans) appear to carry a heavier burden than the NBAA in the United States. Using the social support theory as a guide, this study examined the association between the need to meet socioeconomic responsibility of financial and familial obligations (SERFFO) and perceived stress and the increased likelihood of HTN among West African immigrants, aged 25-54 years, in the United States. In this quantitative, cross-sectional design, self-reported data were collected from a …