Digital Commons Network^™

Mitigating Bias Blind Spot Via A Serious Video Game, Elena Bessarabova, Cameron W. Piercy, Shawn King, Cindy Vincent, Norah E. Dunbar, Judee K. Burgoon, Claude H. Miller, Matthew Jensen, Aaron Elkins, David W. Wilson, Scott N. Wilson, Yu-Hao Lee

Faculty Publications

We employed a serious video game to train participants on bias blind spot (BBS), capturing training effects on BBS mitigation and knowledge at three points in time. Experiment 1 (N ¼ 703) compared the effects of hybrid training (a combination of implicit and explicit training) to implicit training; Experiment 2 (N ¼ 620) tested the effects of just-in-time versus delayed feedback; and Experiment 3 (N ¼ 626) examined the effects of singleplayer versus multiplayer learning environments. We also tested differences in game duration (30 vs. 60 min play) and repetition (single vs. repeated play). Overall, the video game decreased BBS …

Assessing Users Satisfaction With Web Digital Library: The Case Of Universiti Teknologi Mara, Mohamad Noorman Masrek, James Eric Gaskin

Faculty Publications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of user satisfaction in the context of academic web digital library (DL). A model based on the re-specified information system success model was developed and tested using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique.

Design/methodology/approach – The study employed survey research methodology with self-administered questionnaire as the research instrument. The questionnaire was developed based on the instruments used by previous researchers. The population of the study was students enrolled for the bachelor’s degree in the Faculty of Information Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. These students were chosen because of …

Leveraging Multimedia To Advance Science By Disseminating A Greater Variety Of Scholarly Contributions In More Accessible Formats, James Gaskin, Paul Benjamin Lowry, David Hull

Faculty Publications

For the welfare of the scientific community, we are intentionally rocking the boat with regards to the way we conduct, recognize, and disseminate scholarly contributions. As a scientific community, we are doing ourselves a great disservice by ignoring the insights, artifacts, discoveries, and conversations which naturally occur in the scientific process of advancing knowledge, but which do not fit into the very narrowly defined form of print-style articles. By failing to recognize, reward, and publish the wide variety of scholarly contributions that are not well suited to the print-style article, we hinder scientific progress, devalue important and necessary contributions to …

Application Of Expectancy Violations Theory To Communication With And Judgments About Embodied Agents During A Decision-Making Task, Judee K. Burgoon, Joseph Bonito, Paul Benjamin Lowry, Sean Humphreys, Gregory D. Moody, James Gaskin, Justin Giboney

Faculty Publications

Because users treat embodied agents (EAs) as social actors, users hold expectations about human-to-EA communication (HtEAC) similar to those in human-to-human communication. This study extends Expectancy Violations Theory (EVT) to examine how different forms of interfaces that confirm or violate user expectations affect the communication process, social judgments, ability to influence, and accuracy of recall associated with HtEAC. Positive violations of expectancy are acts or characteristics of the EA that are unexpected but evaluated favorably by the human partner. Results suggest that when the EA deviates from expectations, effects on the HtEAC process and related outcomes can be more pronounced. …

Institutional Drivers And Barriers To Faculty Adoption Of Blended Learning In Higher Education, Wendy W. Porter, Charles R. Graham

Faculty Publications

Relatively little research on blended learning (BL) addresses institutional adoption, although such research would benefit institutions of higher education in strategically adopting and implementing BL. In a prior study, the authors proposed a framework for institutional BL adoption, identifying three stages: (1) awareness/exploration, (2) adoption/early implementation, and (3) mature implementation/growth. The framework also identified key strategy, structure and support issues universities may address at each stage. The current study applies that framework as well as Rogers’ diffusion of innovations theory to determine the degree to which institutional strategy, structure and support decisions facilitate or impede BL adoption among higher education …

Teacher And Student Perspectives On Facilitating A Sense Of Community Through An Online High School’S “Shepherding” Program, Jeffery Drysdale, Charles R. Graham, Jered Borup

Faculty Publications

Student disconnectedness remains a serious concern in K-12 online learning—especially in programs where students take most or all of their coursework online. In this research we examined a “shepherding program” designed to encourage a sense of community among teachers and students at an online charter school. Every online teacher served as a “shepherd” for 20 to 25 students and worked to establish close relationships with each student. Data was collected through 5 teacher focus groups, 5 one-on-one teacher interviews, and 10 one-on-one student interviews. A qualitative analysis using Rovai’s sense of community framework examined how the shepherding program influenced shepherd-student …

Blended Learning Citation Patterns And Publication Networks Across Seven Worldwide Regions, Kristian J. Spring, Charles R. Graham

Faculty Publications

The field of international blended learning (BL) is primed to benefit from stronger communication and collaboration. Collaboration is currently limited, and regions vary greatly in terms of citations. However, BL is growing worldwide and each region is an important part of the community. The goal of this research is to explore where the most impactful conversations about BL worldwide are occurring and how, if at all, are they connected to one another in terms of citations and publications. We present here the most cited BL articles from each region, the journals that publish these articles, and citation and publication patterns …

An Analysis Of The Curriculum Requirements For K-12 Online Teaching Endorsements In The U.S., Laura Mcallister, Charles R. Graham

Faculty Publications

This study examined existing K-12 online teacher preparation programs in the United States to ascertain the degree to which teachers are prepared to function in online/blended classroom learning environments. This study used a content analysis approach. Research specifically targeted online teacher preparation programs implemented in institutions of higher education. The researcher collected data from state offices of education and institution deans through email surveys inquiring about the existence and capacity of K-12 online teaching endorsements, course descriptions, and other course documents.

Online Student Perceptions Of The Need For A Proximate Community Of Engagement At An Independent Study Program, Darin R. Oviatt, Charles R. Graham, Jered Borup, Randall S. Davies

Faculty Publications

Research suggests that collaborative learning designs, which require interaction with teachers and peers, can promote engagement and learning for online courses. Many K-12 students seek supplemental online courses to meet graduation requirements and desire flexibility, which often conflicts with required interactions. This paper asserts that online independent study learners may create a proximate community of engagement (PCE) to provide the benefits of collaboration and interactions. Using the adolescent community of engagement (ACE) framework as a lens for identifying interactions, this study surveyed K-12 independent study students to assess their perception of the need for interaction with a support community while …

Accelerating Tropicalization And The Transformation Of Temperate Seagrass Meadows, Glenn A. Hyndes, Kenneth L. Heck, Jnr, Adriana Verges, Euan S. Harvey, Gary A. Kendrick, Paul Lavery, Kathryn Mcmahon, Robert J. Orth, Alan Pearce, Mathew Vanderklift, Thomas Wernberg, Scott Whiting, Shaun Wilson

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Climate-driven changes are altering production and functioning of biotic assemblages in terrestrial and aquatic environments. In temperate coastal waters, rising sea temperatures, warm water anomalies and poleward shifts in the distribution of tropical herbivores have had a detrimental effect on algal forests. We develop generalized scenarios of this form of tropicalization and its potential effects on the structure and functioning of globally significant and threatened seagrass ecosystems, through poleward shifts in tropical seagrasses and herbivores. Initially, we expect tropical herbivorous fishes to establish in temperate seagrass meadows, followed later by megafauna. Tropical seagrasses are likely to establish later, delayed by …

Accuracy In Measurement Of Elevation Gain In Road Cycling, Paolo Mensaspa, Eric Haakonssen, Avish Sharma, Brad Clark

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Purpose

Accurate measures of elevation gain are important for monitoring energy expenditure and physical load. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of barometric devices used for measuring elevation gain.

Methods

Observational validation study. Twenty-eight barometric altimeter devices (SRM and Garmin) were used to measure total elevation gain during cycling over three different climbs (length range: 3.2-18.4 km), giving a total of 216 climbs. An online mapping tool (http://www.freemaptools.com/elevation-finder.htm) was used to calculate the criterion measure of total elevation gain. Data were categorised into two weather conditions: dry and wet.

Results

The standard errors of the estimate …

Compensation Or Feedback: Motivating Performance In Multidimensional Tasks, Margaret H. Christ, Scott A. Emett, William B. Tayler, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

Employees often perform tasks with multiple dimensions. In this study, we examine how employees' performance on multidimensional tasks differs under different control structures. We conduct two experiments in which we manipulate the presence of compensation controls and the presence of feedback controls on multiple task dimensions. Our findings suggest that when employees are compensated on multiple dimensions they commit to multiple goals and divide their attention among those task dimensions. However, when feedback controls are implemented on one task dimension with compensation controls on another dimension, employees can improve performance on individual dimensions as well as their overall task performance. …

Applying Basic Gamification Techniques To It Compliance Training: Evidence From The Lab And Field, Ryan J. Baxter, D. Kip Holderness, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

Companies depend on strong internal controls to protect the integrity of accounting information systems. IT security and data privacy training are critical controls to safeguarding company information. However, employees often dislike the training, which can cause a lack of attention to and poor understanding of training concepts, leading to less effective internal controls. To improve the training experience, companies are implementing principles of games into employee training modules; a practice known as gamification. Using a laboratory experiment of data privacy training and a field study involving a publicly-traded bank’s rollout of IT security training, we test whether a training environment …

Comparing The Publication Process In Accounting, Economics, Finance, Management, Marketing, Psychology, And The Natural Sciences, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

I present two types of data about the publication and review process in the accounting, economics, finance, management, marketing, psychology, and natural science disciplines. First, I collect all articles published in 2012 in top tier journals of these disciplines and compare the articles based on word counts, figures and tables included in each article, the time it took to be published, citations, the number of co-authors, and submission fees. I then survey academics in each discipline. Survey questions were designed to evaluate overall perceptions of the review process; changes in the review process in the last 5 years; opinions about …

Do Managers Really Guide Through The Fog? On The Challenges In Assessing The Causes Of Voluntary Disclosure, Travis Dyer, Mark Lang, Lorien Stice-Lawrence

Faculty Publications

Guay e tal. (2016) document that firms with longer and more complex 10-Ks provide  relatively more voluntary disclosure, which they interpret as evidence that managers use voluntary disclosure to mitigate negative effects of complex mandatory disclosure. We review the results of Guay et al. and focus on two main challenges to inferring causality: (1) the coincidence of upward over-time trends in annual report length, complexity, and voluntary disclosure, and (2) the potential for omitted correlated variables, such as changes in firm economics, to drive changes in 10-K textual characteristics and voluntary disclosure. While the results in Guay et al. are …

Applying Grounded Theory Methods To Digital Forensics Research, Ahmed Almarzooqi, Andrew Jones

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Deciding on a suitable research methodology is challenging for researchers. In this paper, grounded theory is presented as a systematic and comprehensive qualitative methodology in the emergent field of digital forensics research. This paper applies grounded theory in a digital forensics research project undertaken to study how organisations build and manage digital forensics capabilities. This paper gives a step-by-step guideline to explain the procedures and techniques of using grounded theory in digital forensics research. The paper gives a detailed explanation of how the three grounded theory coding methods (open, axial, and selective coding) can be used in digital forensics research. …

How Do Firms Use Cash Tax Savings: A Cross-Country Analysis, Danielle Higgins Green, Jon Kerr

Faculty Publications

Cash tax avoidance activities can serves as a significant source of additional cash flows for firms; how managers utilize this additional cash source and the resulting consequences is an empirical question. To answer our research question, we examine the association between the spread between a country’s enacted statutory rate for the year and the cash effective tax rate, and two uses of cash – investment and dividend payout – for an international sample of firms. In the cross-section, we find the firms are more likely to invest cash tax savings rather than distribute them in the form of dividends and …

Responses Of Marine Organisms To Climate Change Across Oceans, Elvira S. Poloczanska, Michael T. Burrows, Christipher J. Brown, Jorge G. Molinos, Benjamin S. Halpern, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Carrie V. Kappel, Philippa J. Moore, Anthony Richardson, David S. Schoeman, William J. Sydeman

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Climate change is driving changes in the physical and chemical properties of the ocean that have consequences for marine ecosystems. Here, we review evidence for the responses of marine life to recent climate change across ocean regions, from tropical seas to polar oceans. We consider observed changes in calcification rates, demography, abundance, distribution, and phenology of marine species. We draw on a database of observed climate change impacts on marine species, supplemented with evidence in the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We discuss factors that limit or facilitate species' responses, such as fishing pressure, the …

Using Unstructured And Qualitative Disclosures To Explain Accruals, Richard Frankel, Jared Jennings, Joshua A. Lee

Faculty Publications

We examine the usefulness of support vector regressions (SVRs) in assessing the content of unstructured, qualitative disclosures by relating MD&A-based SVR-accrual estimates (MD&Aaccruals) to actual accruals. We find that MD&A accruals explain a statistically and economically significant portion of firm-level accruals and identify more persistent accruals. We find that the explanatory power of MD&A accruals is higher for more readable 10Ks, thereby providing evidence for the construct validity of the readability measures. To highlight the flexibility of the SVR method, we apply it to other dependent variables and disclosures. We find that MD&A-based cash-flow forecasts produced by SVR predict next …

The “Spirit” That Returns To God In Ecclesiastes 12:7, Dana M. Pike

Faculty Publications

Influenced by the Restoration doctrine of premortality, some Latter-day Saints have employed the KJV translation “the spirit” in Ecclesiastes 12:7 to support the doctrine that spirit personages leave their mortal bodies at death. Furthermore, Latter-day Saints have sometimes asserted, again citing Ecclesiastes 12:7, that a premortal spirit being can only “return” to God because it previously came from him. This verse has thus become one of several in the Old Testament that some Latter-day Saints have employed as support for premortal existence, a doctrine that is so important in the broader plan of salvation.

Hispanic American Leadership: A Reference Guide, Leticia Camacho

Faculty Publications

Hispanic American Leadership is an encyclopedic A-to-Z-style reference guide covering leadership issues and cultural competencies related to Hispanic American communities. Editor [Victor M.

Listener Perceptions Of Simulated Fluent Speech In Nonfluent Aphasia, Tyson G. Harmon, Adam Jacks, Katarina L. Haley, Richard A. Faldowski

Faculty Publications

Background: People with aphasia (PWA) are frequently perceived less favorably by listeners than their peers. These perceptions include incorrect assumptions that can prevent successful social interactions. While communication partner training has been shown to improve social outcomes related to the listener (see e.g., Kagan, Black, Duchan, Simmons-Mackie, & Square, 2001), changing the verbal output of PWA may also yield more favorable listener perceptions about the speech, speaker, and their own affective response. We investigated the effects of artificially altered fluency (i.e., simulated fluency) on listeners’ subjective impressions.

Aims: The purpose of the study was to (1) confirm that listeners perceive …

Food Quality Induces A Miscible Disease With Relevance To Alzheimer’S Disease And Neurological Diseases, Ian J. Martins

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Food and nutrition guidelines for the handling and processing of fresh fruit, bread, and vegetables are essential and fresh produce may require cold preservation procedures to prevent minimal bacterial and fungi contamination of food. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) corrupt lipoprotein and amyloid beta (Aβ) metabolism in diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and various neurological diseases. In the developing world the increased plasma LPS levels induce non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and interfere with albumin and Aβ interactions with spontaneous Aβ oligomer formation in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain that leads to neuronapoptosis by inactivation of Starling’s equation that is responsible for the maintenance …

Food Intake And Caffeine Determine Amyloid Beta Metabolism With Relevance To Mitophagy In Brain Aging And Chronic Disease, Ian J. Martins

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

In the global world diabetes and mitochondrial disease is expected to cost the developing world in the next 30 years US $400 million. In diabetes an absent peripheral sink amyloid beta clearance pathway is now relevant to amyloid beta induced mitochondrial apoptosis. The quality of food consumed has raised major concerns with increased levels of plasma bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that induces amyloid beta aggregation and mitochondrial apoptosis with programmed cell death linked to non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and many organ diseases. The amount, nature and time of day of fat consumption in diabetes has become important with relevance …

Geriatric Medicine And Heat Shock Gene Therapy In Global Populations, Ian J. Martins

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

No abstract provided.

Location And Associated Carbon Storage Of Erosional Escarpments Of Seagrass Posidonia Mats, Oscar Serrano, Paul Lavery, Lourdes Lopez-Merino, Enric Ballesteros, Miguel A. Mateo

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Seagrasses of the genus Posidonia can form an irregular seascape due to erosional processes exposing thick walls of organic matter-rich soils. However, little is known about the location and characteristics of these particular formations. Here we provide comprehensive estimates of organic carbon (C_org) storage in Posidonia oceanica and Posidonia australis meadows, while providing insight into their location and mechanisms of formation, and highlighting future research directions. Erosional reef escarpments are restricted to shallow highly productive P. oceanica meadows from the Mediterranean Sea and P. australis meadows from the Indian Ocean, and sustain the existence of C_org-rich …

Heat Shock Gene Sirtuin 1 Regulates Post-Prandial Lipid Metabolism With Relevance To Nutrition And Appetite Regulation In Diabetes, Ian J. Martins

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

New discoveries in medicine are required to understand the importance of appetite regulation that is associated with the overconsumption of foodin Type 2 and Type 3 diabetes. Food restriction in diabetes is essential to maintain the hepatic metabolism of dietary fat with relevance to defective post-prandial lipid metabolism and to the global non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) epidemic [1,2]. Premature brain aging has become important with the development of Type 3 diabetesand Alzheimer’s disease [3] that is associated with repression of the anti-aging gene Sirtuin 1 (Sirt 1) relevant topost-prandial lipid metabolism, amyloid beta metabolism (peptide involved in amyloid …

Being Student And Practitioner Centered: Lessons Learned From Integrating A Recreation Management Department Into A Business School, Patti A. Freeman, Mat D. Duerden, Brian J. Hill

Faculty Publications

In July 2009, Brigham Young University’s Recreation Management (RecM) Department moved to the Marriott School of Management (MSM), beginning its integration into a nationally ranked business school, including the transition from a college with little coordination between departments to one where all majors share a common core of classes. Despite initial feelings of uncertainty, many insights over time emerged as to how the RecM department could better serve students and professionals. This paper shares some of the lessons the RecM Department learned that hold applicability for other recreation departments, including the (1) influence of names on external perceptions and curriculum, …

The Role Of Journaling In Reflective Writing In Experiential Education: A Case Study Intervention, John Bennion, Mat Duerden, Anne Whitehouse

Faculty Publications

Research suggests that journaling will increase reflection and improve program outcomes (Bain, et al, 1999; Duerden, et al, 2012) This study involved a partnership with a non-profit, Global Explorers (GEx), which provides international immersion experiences for youth. Their programs are designed to teach youth participants principles of leadership, environmental awareness, service, and science. This study, which tested whether teaching journaling techniques to youth program facilitators would have a positive impact on participant outcomes, addressed the following hypotheses: 1) Greater training in reflective thinking among participants would be associated with higher outcome scores, and 2) Participants in the intervention group (facilitators …

The Function Of Field Study: Comparison Of Limited And Full Field Experience Courses, Lauren Fine, Telyn Peterson, Mat Duerden, Riley Nelson, John Bennion

Faculty Publications

Fieldwork, an experiential and outdoor component of a traditional lecture class, has been effective in improving students’ content knowledge and attitudes. However, most studies of these courses use a full lecture course as the comparison group rather than comparing amounts or types of fieldwork. This study compares two classes that incorporate fieldwork (n = 18 and 12 participants, respectively) and uses both quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze changes in content knowledge, self-efficacy, and perceived value of the subject (entomology). Pre-and post-test scores suggest that information memorization is best taught in a traditional classroom environment. Qualitative data illustrate that the …