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Doubly-Robust Nonparametric Inference On The Average Treatment Effect, David Benkeser, Marco Carone, Mark J. Van Der Laan, Peter Gilbert

U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Doubly-robust estimators are widely used to draw inference about the average effect of a treatment. Such estimators are consistent for the effect of interest if either one of two nuisance parameters is consistently estimated. However, if flexible, data-adaptive estimators of these nuisance parameters are used, double-robustness does not readily extend to inference. We present a general theoretical study of the behavior of doubly-robust estimators of an average treatment effect when one of the nuisance parameters is inconsistently estimated. We contrast different approaches for constructing such estimators and investigate the extent to which they may be modified to also allow doubly-robust …

Can Academic Medicine Lead The Way In The Refugee Crisis?, Amir A Afkhami

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

The world is currently in the midst of the largest refugee crisis since World War II, with the highest interval of mass displacement in recorded history according to the United Nations. The United States has pledged to maintain its position as one of the world's top resettlement countries in response to this crisis. These new immigrants will arrive with exceptional chronic and acute medical needs, including higher rates of behavioral health disorders. The author describes the health care challenges experienced by refugees seeking asylum in the United States and outlines the ways in which our health care system is currently …

Mycosins Are Required For The Stabilization Of The Esx-1 And Esx-5 Type Vii Secretion Membrane Complexes, Vincent J. C. Van Winden, Roy Ummels, Sander R. Piersma, Connie R. Jiménez, Konstantin V. Korotkov, Wilbert Bitter, Edith N. G. Houben

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

ABSTRACT Pathogenic mycobacteria contain up to five type VII secretion (T7S) systems, ESX-1 to ESX-5. One of the conserved T7S components is the serine protease mycosin (MycP). Strikingly, whereas MycP is essential for secretion, the protease activity of MycP₁ in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been shown to be dispensable for secretion. The essential role of MycP therefore remains unclear. Here we show that MycP₁ and MycP₅ of M. marinum have similar phenotypes, confirming that MycP has a second unknown function that is essential for its T7S system. To investigate whether this role is related to proper functioning of …

By The Pricking Of My Thumbs, State Restriction This Way Comes: Immunizing Vaccination Laws From Constitutional Review, Megan Joy Rials

Louisiana Law Review

The article argues how states should not allow philosophical exemptions and should either retain or create religious exemptions that meet certain requirements under the Free Exercise Clause, the Due Process Clause, and the Establishment Clause. It reports the U.S. Supreme Court's jurisprudence regarding parental rights in cases 'Jacobson v. Massachusetts' and 'Zucht v. King.'

Week Of October 17, 2016, New York Medical College

InTouch

• D.P.T. Students Race to Help Achilles International
• SOM Hosts High Impact Population Health Conference
• Dean Miller Leads the Westchester Heart Walk

Rock, Paper, Scissors, Ooops Unintended Consequences And Uncertain Metrics For Control In Non-Hierarchical Ecologies, Benjamin Morin

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Evolving Healthy Populations, Nina H. Fefferman

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Modeling Cross-Species Extrapolation Of Inhalation Anthrax For Risk Assessment Purposes, Megan O. Powell

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Vaccination Strategies For Small Worlds, Winfried Just, Hannah L. Callender

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Broad And Temperature Independent Replication Potential Of Filoviruses On Cells Derived From Old And New World Bat Species, Megan R. Miller, Rebekah J. Mcminn, Vikram Misra, Tony Schountz, Marcel A. Müller, Andreas Kurth, Vincent J. Munster

KIP Articles

No abstract provided.

The Tiger Vol. 110 Issue 34 2016-10-14, Clemson University

Tiger Newspapers 2016

No abstract provided.

Cultural Competence In Pas: Baseline And Correlates, Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez, Cathleen Tarp, Paula Phelps, Alan Mirly

Psychology Faculty Publications

There is little empirical information on the levels of cultural self-awareness, knowledge, and skills for PA trainees. We present data documenting the relationship between important variables to advance cultural competence and burnout prevention in PA education.

Central Research Forum Program - 2016, Office Of Research Affairs, Boonshoft School Of Medicine

Central Research Forum

The 22-page program includes a schedule, speaker biographies, and presentation titles from the 2016 Central Research Forum held by the Boonshoft School of Medicine's Office of Research Affairs.

Saving Lives By Making Pneumonia Vaccine Affordable, Jeff Hansen

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Saving Lives By Making Pneumonia Vaccine Affordable, Jeff Hansen

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

The Effectiveness Of Global Health Networks, Jeremy Shiffman

Sigma Institute for Global Healthcare Leadership

Presentation from Institute of Global Healthcare Leadership, Emerging Global Leader Institute

How Did Zika Virus Emerge In The Pacific Islands And Latin America?, John Pettersson, Stephen J. Seligman, Didier Musso, Antoine Nougairède, Remi Charrel, Xavier De Lamballerie

NYMC Faculty Publications

The unexpected emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Pacific Islands and Latin America and its association with congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZVS) (which includes microcephaly) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have stimulated wide-ranging research. High densities of susceptible Aedes spp., immunologically naive human populations, global population growth with increased urbanization, and escalation of global transportation of humans and commercial goods carrying vectors and ZIKV undoubtedly enhanced the emergence of ZIKV. However, flavivirus mutations accumulate with time, increasing the likelihood that genetic viral differences are determinants of change in viral phenotype. Based on comparative ZIKV complete genome phylogenetic analyses and temporal …

Methods Of Treating Disease-Induced Ataxia And Non-Ataxic Imbalance, Theresa A. Zesiewicz, Kelly L. Sullivan

USF Patents

Methods for treatment of disease-induced ataxia and non-ataxic imbalance are disclosed. The methods involve treating a patient with a compound having nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity.

Testing Modeling Assumptions In The West Africa Ebola Outbreak, Matthew C. Ingram, Keith Burghardt, Christopher Verzijl, Junming Huang, Binyang Song, Marie-Pierre Hasne

Political Science Faculty Scholarship

The Ebola virus in West Africa has infected almost 30,000 and killed over 11,000 people. Recent models of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) have often made assumptions about how the disease spreads, such as uniform transmissibility and homogeneous mixing within a population. In this paper, we test whether these assumptions are necessarily correct, and offer simple solutions that may improve disease model accuracy. First, we use data and models of West African migration to show that EVD does not homogeneously mix, but spreads in a predictable manner. Next, we estimate the initial growth rate of EVD within country administrative divisions and …

A World Wide Web Of Unwanted Children: The Practice, The Problem, And The Solution To Private Re-Homing, S. Megan Testerman

Florida Law Review

A deplorable practice has emerged in the world of adoption. Adoptive families are now using the Internet to give their unwanted adopted children over to complete strangers, some of whom are traffickers, pedophiles, child pornographers, or worse. This practice is known as private rehoming. Through the use of online message boards and a simple notarized power of attorney document, adoptive parents are circumventing the adoption system—including its home study and background check requirements for prospective parents—and placing children in great danger. Because only a handful of states have enacted legislation directly targeting private re-homing and because no such legislation exists …

Global, Regional, And National Comparative Risk Assessment Of 79 Behavioural, Environmental And Occupational, And Metabolic Risks Or Clusters Of Risks, 1990–2015: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2015, Gbd 2015 Risk Factors Collaborators

Peninsula Medical School

BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. METHODS: We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or …

Global, Regional, And National Incidence, Prevalence, And Years Lived With Disability For 310 Diseases And Injuries, 1990–2015: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2015, Gbd 2015 Disease And Injury Incidence And Prevalence Collaborators

Peninsula Medical School

BACKGROUND: Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes affecting children, to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) more common in adults. For the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we estimated the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for diseases and injuries at the global, regional, and national scale over the period of 1990 to 2015. METHODS: We estimated incidence and prevalence by age, sex, cause, year, and geography with …

An Analysis Of Successful Charter School Operations, Margaret Helen Ameel

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

This study adds to the literature specific practices and systems that contribute to successful charter schools. Nine open ended interviews were conducted, which were then read and coded to identify themes. Using a process consistent with the constant comparison method, codes were transferred into a separate document. To ensure novel code development, constant comparison involved a recursive check of the code list. The code list was considered complete after reaching a point of theoretical saturation whereby novel codes were no longer necessary to interpret uncoded interview content. Codes were then assembled into higher order themes based on shared meaning and …

Instituting A Quality Improvement Program At A Community Medical Designed To Reduce Urinary Catheter Days And The Incidence Of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections, Minnie L. Davis

DNP and Student Works

In an attempt to reduce the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) a quality improvement project involving the development of an evidence-based nurse-driven urinary catheter protocol (UCP) as well as ongoing educational efforts was instituted.

Emerging Trends In Infectious Disease, Jed Grant

Physician Assistant Faculty & Staff Presentations

No abstract provided.

Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Activation Of Egfr As A Novel Target For Meningitic Escherichia Coli Penetration Of The Blood-Brain Barrier, Xiangru Wang, Ravi Maruvada, Andrew J. Morris, Jun O. Liu, Michael J. Wolfgang, Dong Jae Baek, Robert Bittman, Kwang Sik Kim

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Central nervous system (CNS) infection continues to be an important cause of mortality and morbidity, necessitating new approaches for investigating its pathogenesis, prevention and therapy. Escherichia coli is the most common Gram-negative bacillary organism causing meningitis, which develops following penetration of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). By chemical library screening, we identified epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a contributor to E. coli invasion of the BBB in vitro. Here, we obtained the direct evidence that CNS-infecting E. coli exploited sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) for EGFR activation in penetration of the BBB in vitro and in vivo. We …

Conflict Or Congruence? Maternal And Infant-Centric Factors Associated With Shorter Exclusive Breastfeeding Durations Among The Tsimane, Melanie A. Martin, Geni Garcia, Hillard Kaplan, Michael Gurven

ESI Publications

No abstract provided.

Using Electronic Health Record Data To Improve Community Health Assessment, Brian E. Dixon, Jian "Frank" Zou, Karen F. Comer, Marc Rosenman, Jennifer L. Craig, P Gibson

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Background: Community health assessments assist health departments in identifying health needs as well as disparities, and they enable linking of needs with available interventions. Electronic health record (EHR) systems possess growing volumes of clinical and administrative data, making them a valuable source of data for ongoing community health assessment.

Purpose: To produce population health indicators using data from EHR systems that could be combined and visually displayed alongside social determinants data, and to provide data sets at geographic levels smaller than a county.

Methods: Data from multiple EHR systems used by major health systems covering >90% of the population in …

Investigating The Antiproliferative Activity Of Synthetic Troponoids, Eric R. Falcone

Doctoral Dissertations

Troponoid (more commonly, tropone/tropolone) refers to a family of naturally occurring compounds with a unique seven-membered aromatic ring. As with many secondary metabolites, many of the tropolones display a wide range of biological activity. This activity includes: antibacterial/antifungal, insecticidal, phytotoxic, antimitotic, anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibition, anticancer and reactive oxygenated species (ROS) scavenging. Most of this broad-range activity is attributed to the tropolone moiety while side chains attribute to selectivity. Therefore, tropolone may offer a unique scaffold to develop antiproliferatives since it can chelate metal ions, is relatively small and most likely promiscuous, likely resulting in several mechanisms of action to diminish …

Immediate Blood Draw For Cd4+ Cell Count Is Associated With Linkage To Care In Durban, South Africa: Findings From Pathways To Engagement In Hiv Care, Susie Hoffman, Theresa M. Exner, Naomi Lince-Deroche, Cheng-Shiun Leu, Jessica L. Phillip, Elizabeth A. Kelvin, Anisha D. Gandhi, Bruce Levin, Dinesh Singh, Joanne E. Mantell, Kelly Blanchard, Gita Ramjee

Publications and Research

Background Timely linkage to care by newly-diagnosed HIV+ individuals remains a significant challenge to achieving UNAIDS 90-90-90 goals. Current World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommend initiating anti-retroviral treatment (ART) regardless of CD4+ count, with priority given to those with CD4+/μl. We evaluated the impact of not having a day-of-diagnosis CD4+ count blood draw, as recommended by South African guidelines, on time to linkage, using data from a prospective cohort study.

Methods Individuals (N = 2773) were interviewed prior to HIV counseling and testing at three public sector primary care clinics in the greater Durban area; 785 were newly-diagnosed and eligible …