Digital Commons Network^™

Hiv Stigma In Prisons And Jails: Results From A Staff Survey, Steven Belenko, Richard Dembo, Michael Copenhaver, Matthew Hiller, Holly Swan, Carmen A. Garcia, Daniel O'Connell, Carrie Oser, Frank Pearson, Jennifer Pankow

Criminology Faculty Publications

With numerous HIV service gaps in prisons and jails, there has been little research on HIV stigma attitudes among correctional staff. Such attitudes may undermine HIV services for inmates at risk of or infected with HIV. This HIV stigma attitudes survey among 218 correctional staff in 32 US facilities (1) provides an overview of staff’s stigma attitudes, (2) reports psychometric analyses of domains in Earnshaw and Chaudoir’s HIV Stigma Framework (HSF), and (3) explores differences in stigma attitudes among different staff types. Overall, correctional and medical staff expressed non stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS, but perceived that stigma …

Protecting Kentucky's Honey Bees: What's Killing The Buzz, Why It Matters, And What We Can Do To Help, Christine M. Ficker

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

No abstract provided.

Clean And White: A History Of Environmental Racism In The United States, Andrew Kahrl

Civil War Book Review

A Long View of Environmental Racism in the United States From the nation's founding in the eighteenth century to the present, white stereotypes of black bodies as dirty and diseased have formed the ideological basis for all manner of racist policies and practices -- from jobs to housing to public a....

Deletion Of A Predicted Β-Sheet Domain Within The Amino Terminus Of Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein K Conserved Among Alphaherpesviruses Prevents Virus Entry Into Neuronal Axons, Nithya Jambunathan, Anu Susan Charles, Ramesh Subramanian, Ahmad A. Saied, Misagh Naderi, Paul Rider, Michal Brylinski, Vladimir N. Chouljenko, Konstantin G. Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

© 2016, American Society for Microbiology. We have shown previously that herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) lacking expression of the entire glycoprotein K (gK) or expressing gK with a 38-amino-acid deletion (gKΔ31-68 mutation) failed to infect ganglionic neurons after ocular infection of mice. We constructed a new model for the predicted three-dimensional structure of gK, revealing that the gKΔ31-68 mutation spans a well-defined β-sheet structure within the amino terminus of gK, which is conserved among alphaherpesviruses. The HSV- 1(McKrae) gKΔ31-68 virus was tested for the ability to enter into ganglionic neuronal axons in cell culture of explanted rat ganglia using …

Deletion Of A Predicted Β-Sheet Domain Within The Amino Terminus Of Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein K Conserved Among Alphaherpesviruses Prevents Virus Entry Into Neuronal Axons, Nithya Jambunathan, Anu Susan Charles, Ramesh Subramanian, Ahmad A. Saied, Misagh Naderi, Paul Rider, Michal Brylinski, Vladimir N. Chouljenko, Konstantin G. Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

© 2016, American Society for Microbiology. We have shown previously that herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) lacking expression of the entire glycoprotein K (gK) or expressing gK with a 38-amino-acid deletion (gKΔ31-68 mutation) failed to infect ganglionic neurons after ocular infection of mice. We constructed a new model for the predicted three-dimensional structure of gK, revealing that the gKΔ31-68 mutation spans a well-defined β-sheet structure within the amino terminus of gK, which is conserved among alphaherpesviruses. The HSV- 1(McKrae) gKΔ31-68 virus was tested for the ability to enter into ganglionic neuronal axons in cell culture of explanted rat ganglia using …

Impact Of Short Compensatory Growth Periods On Performance,Carcass Traits, Fat Deposition, And Meat Properties Of Najdi Lambs, Ahmed Sami, Bander Al-Salbood, Mohamed Abouheif

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Forty-eight Najdi male lambs weighing 33.1 ± 0.06 kg and approximately 4.5 months old were divided into three groups (16 lambs in each) to study the impact of compensatory growth on performance, carcass traits, fat deposition, tissue distribution, and lean chemical composition. The control group was fed ad libitum throughout the entire 12 weeks of the trial period. The other two groups were feed-restricted by 20% and 40% of the ad libitum group intake. Lambs in restricted treatments were feed-restricted for 3 weeks followed by 4 weeks of ad libitum feeding (compensatory) and then 2 weeks of feed restriction followed …

Vanadium Toxicological Potential Versus Its Pharmacological Activity: New Developments And Research, Agnieszka Ścibior, Juan Llopis, Alvin A. Holder, Mario Altamirano-Lozano

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Scibior, A., Llopis, J., Holder, A. A., & Altamirano-Lozano, M. (2016). Vanadium toxicological potential versus its pharmacological activity: New developments and research. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2016, 1-2. doi: 10.1155/2016/7612347

Maporal Hantavirus Causes Mild Pathology In Deer Mice (Peromyscus Maniculatus), Amanda Mcguire, Kaitlyn Miedema, Joseph R. Fauver, Amber Rico, Tawfik Aboellail, Sandra L. Quackenbush, Ann Hawkinson, Tony Schountz

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Rodent-borne hantaviruses can cause two human diseases with many pathological similarities: hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the western hemisphere and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the eastern hemisphere. Each virus is hosted by specific reservoir species without conspicuous disease. HCPS-causing hantaviruses require animal biosafety level-4 (ABSL-4) containment, which substantially limits experimental research of interactions between the viruses and their reservoir hosts. Maporal virus (MAPV) is a South American hantavirus not known to cause disease in humans, thus it can be manipulated under ABSL-3 conditions. The aim of this study was to develop an ABSL-3 hantavirus infection model using the …

International Intellectual Property Shelters, Sam F. Halabi

Faculty Publications

The battle over the reach and strength of international protections for intellectual property rights is one of the critical flashpoints between wealthy and low-income countries: those protections are perceived to obstruct access to essential medicines, thwart regulatory efforts to promote individual and population health, and undermine traditional forms of agriculture and food production. While scholars have thoroughly tracked the bilateral and multilateral trade and investment treaties responsible for the expansion of international intellectual property rights worldwide, they have paid significantly less attention to the strength and form that opposition to international intellectual property expansion has taken. This Article examines the …

Transitioning Of Hiv-Infected Children From Pediatric To Adult Care: A Jamaican Case Study, Flavia De Souza

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Successful public access to antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings (RLS) has resulted in survival of HIV perinatally infected children into adulthood. There are few studies on transition of care in RLS, where 90% of HIV-infected children reside. We aimed to characterize the current landscape of the transfer process of HIV-infected adolescents in one such RLS, Jamaica. We conducted in-depth interviews of 18 HIV-infected adolescents in pediatric care and 21 health care providers. We analyzed the data using the grounded theory approach. Five themes emerged: 1. Pediatric clinics were like families who provided care-taking and developmental support in addition to HIV …

Upper Cervical Spine Fracture At Yale: Factors Associated With Management And Outcomes, Erica M. Giles

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Traumatic fractures of the upper cervical spine are a diverse group of injuries with high morbidity and mortality. Guidelines for treatment of these injuries have been based off limited medical literature; the factors associated with the management decisions and the outcomes associated with those decisions have not been well described. In particular, recent literature supports the idea that nonclinical factors such as race and insurance may affect treatment decisions for all spine fractures.

The electronic medical record was queried for trauma patients admitted to Yale New Haven Hospital diagnosed with an upper cervical spine fracture using relevant ICD-9 codes. Information …

Viral Causes Of Gastroenteritis In The Era Of Widespread Rotavirus Vaccination, Dame Idossa

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Background: It is unknown if widespread use of Rotavirus (RV) vaccine will impact the primary causative agent of viral gastroenteritis (VGE).

Objective: To identify changes in epidemiology of VGE affected by vaccination, determine factors associated with higher severity of illness, and assess agreeability between two clinical severity-grading scales; Clark and Vesikari.

Methods: We analyzed fecal samples of children, 6 months-5 years of age, evaluated at YNHH for VGE. Fecal samples were tested using a real-time PCR assay. Primer and probe sequences targeted conserved regions of the genome for RV, Norovirus GI/GII, Adenovirus, Astrovirus, and Sapovirus. Data were analyzed using SPSS. …

The Expression Of Platelet-Activating Factor Is Induced By Low Extracellular Mg2+ In Aortic, Cerebral And Neonatal Coronary Vascular Smooth Muscle; Cross Talk With Ceramide Production, Nf–Kb And Proto-Oncogenes: Possible Links To Atherogenesis And Sudden Cardiac Death In Children And Infants, And Aging: Hypothesis, Review And Viewpoint, Burton M. Altura, Wenyan Li, Aimin Zhang, Tao Zheng, Nilank C. Shah, Gatha J. Shah, Bella T. Altura

The School of Health Sciences Publications and Research

An attempt is made, herein, to reconcile, and integrate, various phenomena associated with magnesium deficiency (MgD) in cardiovascular health, disease, and aging as well as reasons for the high incidence of sudden cardiac death in infants and young adults. With new experiments, we demonstrate, for the first time, that very low concentrations of platelet-activating factor (PAF), when added to primary cultured cerebral, neonatal coronary, and aortic vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells (from three different mammals) promote rapid rises in free intracellular Ca2+ ions and a significant, concomitant reduction in free intracellular Mg2+ ions; these actions of PAF being curtailed with …

Needle Stick Injury Prevention And Education, Charlotte Macdonald

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)

The purpose of this Scholarly Project is to increase provider and staff knowledge regarding the prevention and management of needle stick injuries. The clinical problem is inadequate training and education regarding needle stick injuries at a Physical Medicine/orthopedic clinic. The goal is the development of a Needle Stick Injury Prevention Protocol with an assessment and comparison of knowledge gained post education. Implementation of the protocol and educational seminars improve participant knowledge and attitudes regarding needle stick injuries. Outcomes assess if providers and nursing staff have improved knowledge of how to prevent and manage a needle stick injury after the project …

Immune Complex-Induced, Nitric Oxide-Mediated Vascular Endothelial Cell Death By Phagocytes Is Prevented With Decoy Fcyreceptors, Ramanjaneya V. R. Mula, Deepa Machiah, Lauren Holland, Xinyu Wang, Harish Parihar, Avadhesh Sharma, Periasamy Selvaraj, Rangaiah Shashidharamurthy

PCOM Scholarly Works

Autoimmune vasculitis is an endothelial inflammatory disease that results from the deposition of immune-complexes (ICs) in blood vessels. The interaction between Fcgamma receptors (FcyRs) expressed on inflammatory cells with ICs is known to cause blood vessel damage. Hence, blocking the interaction of ICs and inflammatory cells is essential to prevent the IC-mediated blood vessel damage. Thus we tested if uncoupling the interaction of FcyRs and ICs prevents endothelium damage. Herein, we demonstrate that dimeric FcyR-Igs prevented nitric oxide (NO) mediated apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in an in vitro vasculitis model. Dimeric FcyR-Igs significantly inhibited the IC-induced …

A Systematic Review On The Use Of Psychosocial Interventions In Conjunction With Medications For The Treatment Of Opioid Addiction, K Dugosh, A. Abraham, B. Seymour, K. Mcloyd, M. Chalk, David Festinger

PCOM Scholarly Works

Opioid use and overdose rates have risen to epidemic levels in the United States during the past decade. Fortunately, there are effective medications (ie, methadone, buprenorphine, and oral and injectable naltrexone) available for the treatment of opioid addiction. Each of these medications is approved for use in conjunction with psychosocial treatment; however, there is a dearth of empirical research on the optimal psychosocial interventions to use with these medications. In this systematic review, we outline and discuss the findings of 3 prominent prior reviews and 27 recent publications of empirical studies on this topic. The most widely studied psychosocial interventions …

The Impact Of An Ambulatory Clinical Intervention On Viral Load Suppression And Retention In Care For Newly Diagnosed Hiv Persons, Latasha R. Jones

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Ambulatory clinical healthcare settings that serve patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are critical in improving access to quality HIV care and treatment, in part due to their ability to streamline patient care along the HIV care continuum. Barriers to HIV care are significant among newly diagnosed HIV patients and in order to engage and retain these individuals in care and treatment, specific interventions must be in place to link these individuals to care. In this study, the difference in differences method was used for data analysis to measure the impact of an ambulatory clinics intervention on their …

A Comparison Of Rule-Based Analysis With Regression Methods In Understanding The Risk Factors For Study Withdrawal In A Pediatric Study, Mona Haghighi, Suzanne B. Johnson, Xiaoning Qian, Kristian F. Lynch, Kendra Vehik, Shuai Huang, The Teddy Study Group

Industrial and Management Systems Engineering Faculty Publications

Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules …

The Role Of Calcium In Pathogen Defense Responses In The Moss Mnium Cuspidatum, Morgan Blake

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

When exposed to stress, whether that be by pathogen, thermal or weather changes, or other components of the environment, plants employ a variety of defense mechanisms depending on the severity of the stress. When attacked by a pathogen, the moss Mnium cuspidatum utilizes an innate, basal response followed by hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Calcium is known to be involved in signaling cascades that mediate defense responses in other organisms. In the present study, lanthanum nitrate (LaNO3), methoxyerapamil (D600), and ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) were used to inhibit the presence of calcium in M. cuspidatum in …

Colistin Efficacy In The Treatment Of Multidrug-Resistant And Extremelydrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections*, Çi̇ğdem Banu Çeti̇n, Deni̇z Özer Türk, Şebnem Şenol, Gönül Di̇nç Horasan, Özlem Tünger

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Colistin is used as a salvage therapy for multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. Our aim was to evaluate colistin efficiency and toxicity in the treatment of these resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study carried out in a tertiary care hospital during 2011-2013. Study data were collected from the medical records and consultations of the infectious diseases clinic. Results: The study group included 158 patients with nosocomial infections and 136 (86.1%) of them were hospitalized in the ICU. Respiratory tract infections were the most commonly observed ones (n = 103, 65.2%). The …

Determination Of Reference Range With The Indirect Method Of The 25-Hydroxyvitamind3 Test In The Balıkesir Region, Turkey, Medi̇ne Alpdemi̇r, Mehmet Fati̇h Alpdemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The aim of this study is to determine the reference ranges of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)vitD3) by an indirect method using data obtained from patients over the course of 3 years. Materials and methods: The 25(OH)vitD3 test results of the patients who applied to the medical biochemistry laboratory of Balıkesir State Hospital between the years of 2010 and 2014 were analyzed. Patient data were retrospectively taken from the laboratory information system. The 25(OH)vitD3 levels of patients were examined after exclusion of outliers. Patients were divided into subgroups according to season, sex, and age. The central 95% reference intervals were calculated …

Intermediate Scrutiny As A Solution To Economic Protectionism In Occupational Licensing, Will Clark

Saint Louis University Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Tick-, Mosquito-, And Rodent-Borne Parasite Sampling Designs For The National Ecological Observatory Network, Yuri P. Springer, David Hoekman, Pieter T. J. Johnson, Paul A. Duffy, Rebecca A. Hufft, David T. Barnett, Brian F. Allan, Brian R. Amman, Christopher M. Barker, Steven A. Juliano

Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences

Parasites and pathogens are increasingly recognized as significant drivers of ecological and evolutionary change in natural ecosystems. Concurrently, transmission of infectious agents among human, livestock, and wildlife populations represents a growing threat to veterinary and human health. In light of these trends and the scarcity of long-term time series data on infection rates among vectors and reservoirs, the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) will collect measurements and samples of a suite of tick-, mosquito-, and rodent-borne parasites through a continental-scale surveillance program. Here, we describe the sampling designs for these efforts, highlighting sampling priorities, field and analytical methods, and the …

A Case Of False-Positive Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Caused By Mycobacterium Celatum, Edward Gildeh, Zaid Abdel-Rahman, Ruchira Sengupta, Laura Johnson

Infectious Diseases Articles

Mycobacterium celatum is a nontuberculous mycobacterium shown to cause symptoms similar to pulmonary M. tuberculosis. Certain strains have been shown to cross-react with the probes used to detect M. tuberculosis, making this a diagnostic challenge. We present a 56-year-old gentleman who developed signs and symptoms of lung infection with computed tomography scan of the chest showing right lung apex cavitation. Serial sputum samples were positive for acid-fast bacilli and nucleic acid amplification testing identified M. tuberculosis ribosomal RNA, resulting in treatment initiation. Further testing with high performance liquid chromatography showed a pattern consistent with M. celatum. This …

Investigation Of Linezolid Resistance In Staphylococci And Enterococci, Christopher D. Doern, Jason Y. Park, Michael Gallegos, Debbie Alspaugh, Carey-Ann D. Burnham

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Mycobacterium Arupense, Mycobacterium Heraklionense, And A Newly Proposed Species, “Mycobacterium Virginiense” Sp. Nov., But Not Mycobacterium Nonchromogenicum, As Species Of The Mycobacterium Terrae Complex Causing Tenosynovitis And Osteomyelitis, Ravikiran Vasireddy, Sruthi Vasireddy, Barbara A. Brown-Ellliott, Nancy L. Wengenack, Uzoamaka A. Eke, Jeana L. Benwill, Christine Turenne, Richard J. Wallace Jr.

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Measurement Of Circulating Filarial Antigen Levels In Human Blood With A Point-Of-Care Test Strip And A Portable Spectrodensitometer, Cédric B. Chesnais, Johnny Vlaminck, Billy Kunyu-Shako, Sébastien D. Pion, Naomi-Pitchouna Awaca-Uvon, Gary J. Weil, Dieudonné Mumba, Michel Boussinesq

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

A Broad Analysis Of Resistance Development In The Malaria Parasite, Eva S. Istvan, Daniel E. Goldberg, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Programmatic Use Of Molecular Xenomonitoring At The Level Of Evaluation Units To Assess Persistence Of Lymphatic Filariasis In Sri Lanka, Ramakrishna U. Rao, Sandhya D. Samarasekera, Kumara C. Nagodavithana, Manjula W. Punchihewa, Tharanga D. M. Dassanayaka, Gamini P. K. D, Ethan Ford, Udaya S. B. Ranasinghe, Ralph H. Henderson, Gary J. Weil

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Innovative Solutions To Sticky Situations: Antiadhesive Strategies For Treating Bacterial Infections, Zachary T. Cusumano, Roger D. Klein, Scott J. Hultgren

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.