Digital Commons Network^™

Machito And His Afro-Cubans: Selected Transcriptions, Paul Austerlitz, Jere Laukkanen

Gettysburg College Faculty Books

Machito (Francisco Raúl Grillo, 1909–1984) was born into a musical family in Havana, Cuba, and was already an experienced vocalist when he arrived in New York City in 1937. In 1940 he teamed up with his brother-in-law, the Cuban trumpeter Mario Bauzá (1911–1993), who had already made a name for himself with top African American swing bands such as those of Chick Webb and Cab Calloway. Together, Machito and Bauzá formed Machito and his Afro-Cubans. With Bauzá as musical director, the band forged vital pan-African connections by fusing Afro-Cuban rhythms with modern jazz and by collaborating with major figures in …

Drought And Health In The Context Of Public Engagement, Nicole Wall, Michael Hayes

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

Droughts have profoundly affected societies around the world from the earliest beginnings. A recent estimate from the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) claims that more than 1 billion people have been affected by drought during the twenty-year period between 1994 and 2013. Because of the characteristics of drought, drought impacts are often difficult to identify and quantify, and this is especially true with public health-oriented drought consequences, including those resulting from low water quantities, poor water quality, mental health and stress, dust and windblown agents, and wildlife intrusion. However, when officials emphasize adopting a proactive risk …

Mysticism In Medici Florence: A Close Look At The Relationship Of A Ghettoized Jew And A Catholic Medici, Jessica Rose Zimmerman

Theses & ETDs

This thesis investigates the life of a ghettoized Jew, Benedetto Blanis, in Medici Florence during the early seventeenth century. This research relies on Edward Goldberg’s two companion works, published in 2011, transcribing and interpreting 196 letters sent by Benedetto to Don Giovanni De’ Medici. Goldberg provides the letters as they were written in seventeenth-century Italian, and with each he includes a small summary in English. Goldberg explains ghettoization, Jewish mysticism, the synagogue in Florence, along with many other topics related to Benedetto and Don Giovanni’s life as a means to contextualize the two. In 1615, Benedetto was hired by Don …

The Cost And Burden Of Chikungunya In The Americas, Danielle Bloch

Public Health Theses

Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus that emerged in the Caribbean in late 2013 and proceeded to spread throughout the Americas. Acute CHIKV disease is characterized by high fever and potentially debilitating arthralgia. In a proportion of cases, serious long-term sequelae following acute disease have been reported. These conditions primarily include chronic inflammatory rheumatisms, but can also involve depression, sensorineural effects, headaches and cognitive delays following neonatal infection.

Methods: We developed data-driven computational simulation models for acute and long-term health conditions associated with CHIKV infection to estimate the economic cost and health burden of the 2013–2015 CHIKV epidemic …

Design And Methods Of A Social Network Isolation Study For Reducing Respiratory Infection Transmission: The Ex-Flucluster Randomized Trial, Allison E. Aiello, Amanda M. Simanek, Marisa C. Eisenberg, Alison R. Walsh, Brian Davis, Eric Volz, Caroline Cheng, Jeanette J. Rainey, Amra Uzicanin, Hongjiang Gao, Nathaniel Osgood, Dylan Knowles, Kevin Stanley, Kara Tarter, Arnold S. Monto

United States Public Health Resources

Background: Social networks are increasingly recognized as important points of intervention, yet relatively few intervention studies of respiratory infection transmission have utilized a network design. Here we describe the design, methods, and social network structure of a randomized intervention for isolating respiratory infection cases in a university setting over a 10-week period.

Methodology/principal findings: 590 students in six residence halls enrolled in the eX-FLU study during a chain-referral recruitment process from September 2012–January 2013. Of these, 262 joined as “seed”participants, who nominated their social contacts to join the study, of which 328 “nominees” enrolled.Participants were cluster-randomized by 117 residence halls. …

Epidemiology Of Human Leptospirosis In Malaysia, 2004–2012, Douadi Benacer, Kwai Lin Thong, Ng Choung Min, Khebir Bin Verasahib, Renee L. Galloway, Rudy A. Hartskeerl, Marc Souris, Siti Nursheena Mohd Zain

United States Public Health Resources

Leptospirosis is an emerging disease, especially in countries with a tropical climate such as Malaysia. A dramatic increase in the number of cases has been reported over the last decade; however, information on the epidemiological trends of this disease is lacking. The objective of this study is to provide an epidemiological description of human leptospirosis cases over a 9-year period (2004–2012) and disease relationship with meteorological, geographical, and demographical information.A retrospective study was undertaken to describe the patterns of human leptospirosis cases and their association with intrinsic (sex, age, and ethnicity) and extrinsic (location, rainfall, and temperature)factors. Data was grouped …

Complete Influenza Vaccination Trends For Children Six To Twenty-Three Months, Tammy A. Santibanez, Lisa A. Grohskopf, Yusheng Zhai, Katherine E. Kahn

United States Public Health Resources

OBJECTIVE: Prevention of influenza among infants and young children is a public health abstract priority because of their high risk for influenza-related complications. Depending on a child’s age and previous influenza vaccination history, they are recommended to receive either 1 dose or 2 doses of influenza vaccine to be considered fully vaccinated against influenza for the season. We compared estimates of full (complete) influenza vaccination coverage of children 6 to 23 months across 10 consecutive influenza seasons (2002–2012), by race/ethnicity, age group, and by number of doses required to be fully vaccinated given child’s vaccination history.

METHODS: National Immunization Survey …

Use Of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis After Occupational Exposure To Zaire Ebolavirus, Karen K. Wong, Richard T. Davey, Angela L. Hewlett, Colleen S. Kraft, Aneesh K. Mehta, Mark J. Mulligan, Allison Beck, William Dorman, Christopher J. Kratochvil, Lilin Lai, Tara N. Palmore, Susan Rogers, Philip W. Smith, Anthony F. Suffredini, Mark Wolcott, Ute Ströher, Timothy M. Uyeki

United States Public Health Resources

From September 2014–April 2015, six persons who had occupational exposures to Zaire ebolavirus in West Africa received investigational agents rVSV-ZEBOV or TKM-100802 for post-exposure prophylaxis and were monitored in the U.S. All patients experienced self-limited symptoms after PEP; none developed Ebola virus disease.

The Burden Of Hepatitis C Infection–Related Liver Fibrosis In The United States, R. Monina Klevens, Lauren Canary, Xiaohua Huang, Maxine M. Denniston, Anthony E. Yeo, Rick L. Pesano, John W. Ward, Scott Holmberg

United States Public Health Resources

Background. Knowledge of the estimated proportion of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected persons with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis is critical to estimating healthcare needs.

Methods. We analyzed HCV-related testing conducted by Quest Diagnostics from January 2010 through December 2013. Tests included hepatitis C antibody, HCV RNA, HCV genotype (nucleic acid tests [NAT]), liver function tests, and platelet counts; patient age was also determined. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-to-platelet ratio (APRI) was calculated as = 100*(aspartate aminotransferase [AST]/upper limit of AST)/platelet. Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) was calculated as (age × AST)/(platelet ×√ alanine aminotransferase [ALT]). Persons were “currently infected” if they had ≥1 positive …

The Epidemiology And Outcomes Of Invasive Candida Infections Among Organ Transplant Recipients In The United States: Results Of The Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (Transnet), David R. Andes, Nasia Safdar, John W. Baddley, Barbara Alexander, Lisa Brumble, Allison Freifeld, Susan Hadley, University Of Iowa School Of Medicine, Carol Kauffman, G. Marshall Lyon, Vicki Morrison, Thomas Patterson, Trish Perl, Randall Walker, Tim Hess, Centers For Disease Control And Prevention, Peter G. Pappas

United States Public Health Resources

Background: Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a common cause of mortality in solid organ transplant recipients (OTRs), but knowledge of epidemiology in this population is limited.

Method: The present analysis describes data from 15 US centers that prospectively identified IC from nearly 17 000 OTRs. Analyses were undertaken to determine predictors of infection and mortality.

Results: A total of 639 cases of IC were identified. The most common species was Candida albicans (46.3%), followed by Candida glabrata (24.4%) and Candida parapsilosis (8.1%). In 68 cases >1 species was identified. The most common infection site was bloodstream (44%), followed by intra-abdominal …

The Epidemiology And Outcomes Of Invasive Candida Infections Among Organ Transplant Recipients In The United States: Results Of The Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (Transnet), David R. Andes, Nasia Safdar, John W. Baddley, Barbara Alexander, Lisa Brumble, Allison Freifeld, Susan Hadley, Loreen Herwaldt, Carol Kauffman, G. Marshall Lyon, Vicki Morrison, Thomas Patterson, Trish Perl, Randall Walker, Tim Hess, Tom Chiller, Peter G. Pappas, The Transnet Investigators

United States Public Health Resources

Background: Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a common cause of mortality in solid organ transplant recipients (OTRs), but knowledge of epidemiology in this population is limited.

Method: The present analysis describes data from 15 US centers that prospectively identified IC from nearly 17 000 OTRs. Analyses were undertaken to determine predictors of infection and mortality.

Results: A total of 639 cases of IC were identified. The most common species was Candida albicans (46.3%), followed by Candida glabrata (24.4%) and Candida parapsilosis (8.1%). In 68 cases >1 species was identified. The most common infection site was bloodstream (44%), followed by intra-abdominal

(14%). …

Who Consultation On Group B Streptococcus Vaccine Development: Report From A Meeting Held On 27–28 April 2016, Miwako Kobayashi, Stephanie J. Schrag, Mark R. Alderson, Shabir A. Madhi, Carol J. Baker, Ajoke Sobanjo-Ter Meulen, David C. Kaslow, Peter G. Smith, Vasee S. Moorthy, Johan Vekemans

United States Public Health Resources

Globally, group B Streptococcus (GBS) remains a leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in infants in the first 90 days of life. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) for women at increased risk of transmitting GBS to their newborns has been effective in reducing part, but not all, of the GBS disease burden in many high income countries (HICs). In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), IAP use is low. Immunization of pregnant women with a GBS vaccine represents an alternative strategy to protecting newborns and young infants, through transplacental antibody transfer and potentially by reducing new vaginal colonization. This vaccination strategy was …

Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis For Strain Discrimination Of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli, Chris Timmons, Eija Trees, Efrain M. Ribot, Peter Gerner-Smidt, Patti Lafon, Sung Im, Li Maria Ma

United States Public Health Resources

Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are foodborne pathogens of growing concern worldwide that have been associated with several recent multistate and multinational outbreaks of foodborne illness. Rapid and sensitive molecular-based bacterial strain discrimination methods are critical for timely outbreak identification and contaminated food source traceback. One such method, multiple-locus variable-number tandemrepeat analysis(MLVA), is being used with increasing frequency in foodborne illness outbreak investigations to augment the current gold standard bacterial subtyping technique, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The objective of this studywas to develop a MLVA assay for intra- and inter-serogroup discrimination of six major non-O157 STEC serogroups—O26, O111, O103, …

Evaluation Of Potentially Achievable Vaccination Coverage With Simultaneous Administration Of Vaccines Among Children In The United States, Zhen Zhao, Philip J. Smith, Holly A. Hill

United States Public Health Resources

Background: Routine administration of all age-appropriate doses of vaccines during the same visit is recommended for children by the National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC) and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).

Methods: Evaluate the potentially achievable vaccination coverage for ≥4 doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and a cellular pertussis vaccine (4+DTaP), ≥4 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (4+PCV),and the full series of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib-FS) with simultaneous administration of all recommended childhood vaccines. Compare the potentially achievable vaccination coverage to the reported vaccination coverage for calendar years 2001 through 2013; by state in the United …

Effect Of Leaf Surface Chemical Properties On Efficacy Of Sanitizer For Rotavirus Inactivation, Miyu Fuzawa, Kang-Mo Ku, Sindy Paola Palma-Salgado, Kenya Nagasaka, Hao Feng, John A. Juvik, Daisuke Sano, Joanna L. Shisler, Thanh H. Nguyen, E. G. Dudley

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The use of sanitizers is essential for produce safety. However, little is known about how sanitizer efficacy varies with respect to the chemical surface properties of produce. To answer this question, the disinfection efficacies of an oxidant-based sanitizer and a new surfactant-based sanitizer for porcine rotavirus (PRV) strain OSU were examined. PRV was attached to the leaf surfaces of two kale cultivars with high epicuticular wax contents and one cultivar of endive with a low epicuticular wax content and then treated with each sanitizer. The efficacy of the oxidant-based sanitizer correlated with leaf wax content as evidenced by the 1-log10 …

Interruptions Of Antiretroviral Therapy In Children And Adolescents With Hiv Infection In Clinical Practice: A Retrospective Cohort Study In The Usa., Natella Rakhmanina, Kam S Lam, Jaclyn Hern, Heather A. Young, Alex Walters, Amanda D. Castel

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Changes in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) throughout childhood challenge the continuity of paediatric HIV treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of treatment interruption (TI), including lamivudine (3TC) monotherapy, and the relationship of TI to virologic and immunologic parameters in HIV-infected paediatric patients.

METHODS: Nested within a prospective observational study of a city-wide cohort of HIV-infected persons in the District of Columbia, this sub-study collected retrospective data on antiretroviral therapy, enrolment (endpoint) and historic (lifelong) CD4 counts and HIV RNA viral load (VL) of the paediatric cohort. TI was defined as interruption of cART ≥4 consecutive weeks. Data …

An Analysis Of Water Collection Labor Among Women And Children In 24 Sub-Saharan African Countries., Jay Graham, Mitsuaki Hirai, Seung-Sup Kim

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: It is estimated that more than two-thirds of the population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) must leave their home to collect water, putting them at risk for a variety of negative health outcomes. There is little research, however, quantifying who is most affected by long water collection times.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to a) describe gender differences in water collection labor among both adults and children (< 15 years of age) in the households (HHs) that report spending more than 30 minutes collecting water, disaggregated by urban and rural residence; and b) estimate the absolute number of adults and children affected by water collection times greater than 30 minutes in 24 SSA countries.

METHODS: We analyzed data from the Demographic Health Survey (DHS) and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) (2005-2012) to describe water collection labor in 24 SSA countries.

RESULTS: Among households spending more than …

Legal Space For Syringe Exchange Programs In Hot Spots Of Injection Drug Use-Related Crime., Sean T Allen, Monica S. Ruiz, Jeff Jones, Monique M Turner

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Copious evidence indicates that syringe exchange programs (SEPs) are effective structural interventions for HIV prevention among persons who inject drugs (PWID). The efficacy of SEPs in supporting the public health needs of PWID populations is partially dependent on their accessibility and consistent utilization among injectors. Research has shown that SEP access is an important predictor of PWID retention at SEPs, yet policies exist that may limit the geographic areas where SEP operations may legally occur. Since 2000 in the District of Columbia (DC), SEP operations have been subject to the 1000 Foot Rule (§48-1121), a policy that prohibits the …

Washington University Magazine, Fall 2016

Washington University Magazine

No abstract provided.

Just What The Doctor Ordered: Protecting Privacy Without Impeding Development Of Digital Pills, Amelia R. Montgomery

Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law

Using technology, humans are receiving more and more information about the world around them via the Internet of Things, and the next area of connection will be the inside of the human body. Several forms of "digital pills" that send information from places like the human digestive tract or bloodstream are being developed, with a few already in use. These pills could stand to provide information that could drastically improve the lives of many people, but they also have privacy and data security implications that could put consumers at great risk. This Note analyzes these risks and suggests that short-term …

Aeromonas Hydrophila In Amphibians: Harmless Bystander Or Opportunistic Pathogen, Zachary P. Rivas

Honors Undergraduate Theses

For several decades amphibian populations have been declining. Historically, the bacterium A. hydrophila (Ah) was hypothesized to be the causal factor in amphibian disease and population declines. However, with the discovery of a chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in 1998, which was identified on the skin of amphibians during documented mortality events, Ah research became of minor interest as focus shifted to Bd. Recent studies into the immunocompromising abilities of Bd, however, have opened new questions about its relationship with Ah and their combined effects on a host.

In this study, I explore the …

Aftermath Of The Hobby Lobby Decision: Implications For Women In The Workforce, Hirsh Shah

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

Hobby Lobby is a chain of 640 arts and crafts stores owned by the Green family, based in Oklahoma City. This company is required to follow the Affordable Care Act (ACA), which mandates that larger employers—those with more than 50 employees—have to include coverage for the full range of preventative care, including contraceptives, in their female employees’ health insurance plans. However, the Green family holds deeply religious views and did not want to include four of the twenty contraceptives covered by the ACA, including long acting reversible contraception and emergency contraception, in their female employee coverage. The family believed that …

Improving Health Literacy: Parental Medical Decisions Regarding Lower Extremity Amputations, Rebecca Aber

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

There are currently several injury severity scores, such as the LSI, MESI, MESS, and PSI that are used in the United States to form recommendations for limb amputation or reconstruction. These scores are based on data from adults, yet they are used for patients of all ages. Because parents with limited health literacy tend to make less informed medical decisions for their children regarding amputations, a pediatric version of a current injury severity score would help to guide these medical decisions. The pediatric version would be created from a pre-existing score by redesigning the variables used within the score. The …

The Diagnostic Accuracy Of Determine™ Tb Lam Antigen In Detection Of Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis (Eptb), Fatimah Osman Juma

Master of Medicine in Internal Medicine

Background: TB remains a key global health challenge; particularly Extra pulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) and is also a major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The increasing incidence of EPTB compounded by difficulties in making a timely diagnosis portends to poor prognosis and increased mortality. Delays in diagnosis and misdiagnosis of EPTB in suspected patients account for mortality as well. Challenges in diagnosis of EPTB are mainly due to disease related factors, the paucibacillary nature of disease and challenges with sample collection and processing. Reference standard test such as TB culture, geneXpert and histology which are used in the …

Twenty-First Century Regression: The Disparate Impact Of Hiv Transmission Laws On Gay Men, Siobhán Elizabeth Stade Murillo

Law Student Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Symptom Experience And Influenza-Like Illness In A Military Population, Monique Bouvier

Dissertations

AIMS: The primary objective of this study was to identify if symptom presentation expressed over the course of an influenza-like illness (ILI) can predict virus type by use of unsupervised machine learning. The secondary objective was to describe clinical characteristics of strain specific coronavirus. Finally, examine the psychometric properties of the Canadian Acute Respiratory Illness and Flu Scale (CARIFS).

BACKGROUND: ILI outbreaks have been a significant source of non-battle injury among military personnel. Many different viruses cause ILI, and it is difficult to determine which virus is causing the illness. Recent studies have examined the etiology and epidemiology of ILIs. …

The Impact Of Urbanization On Mosquito-Borne Viruses, Nikhita Puthuveetil

UROP Posters

Mosquito-borne diseases such as yellow fever, dengue, and West Nile are rapidly emerging across the globe. Their emergence is often aided by the growth of their vector population, or the organisms that transmit the virus to the host. Urbanization and land use often destroys the habitat of the virus and its vector. However, the virus and its vector often survive despite the changes to its environment. The goal of this paper is to find out exactly how urbanization and changes in land use affect mosquito-borne viruses and how these viruses survive despite the destruction of their habitats. To understand how …

Viable Influenza A Virus In Airborne Particles Expelled During Coughs Versus Exhalations, William G. Lindsley, Francoise M. Blachere, Donald H. Beezhold, Robert E. Thewlis, Bahar Noorbakhsh, Sreekumar Othumpangat, William T. Goldsmith, Cynthia M. Mcmillen, Michael E. Andrew, Carmen N. Burrell, John D. Noti

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background To prepare for a possible influenza pandemic, a better understanding of the potential for the airborne transmission of influenza from person to person is needed.

Objectives The objective of this study was to directly compare the generation of aerosol particles containing viable influenza virus during coughs and exhalations.

Methods Sixty-one adult volunteer outpatients with influenza-like symptoms were asked to cough and exhale three times into a spirometer. Aerosol particles produced during coughing and exhalation were collected into liquid media using aerosol samplers.The samples were tested for the presence of viable influenza virus using a viral replication assay (VRA).

Results …

Retrospective Cohort Study Of Tobacco Dependence Treatment Patterns In A Us Commercially Insured Population, Elizabeth Anne Maclean

Open Access Dissertations

Recognizing the substantial public health impact of tobacco dependence (TD) and consequent importance of reducing tobacco use, the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) issues evidence based clinical practice guidelines (CPG) that urge “clinicians and health care delivery systems to consistently identify and document tobacco use status and treat every tobacco user seen in a health care setting”. The latest guidelines, published in 2008, were written “in response to new, effective clinical treatments for tobacco dependence” identified since 1999 and contain strategies and recommendations designed to assist clinicians, administrators, insurers, and purchasers in “delivering and supporting effective treatments for tobacco …

January 2016 News Releases, University Of Montana--Missoula. Office Of University Relations

University of Montana News Releases, 1928, 1956-present

No abstract provided.