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Regulation Of Alpha-Herpesvirus Reactivation From Latency By Stress, Insun Kook

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1) and Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) are crucial etiological viral agent of clinical diseases. HSV-1 and BHV-1 establish latent infection in sensory neurons. Periodically, reactivation from latency occurs resulting in virus excretion and transmission. Stress increases corticosteroid levels and the incidence of HSV-1 and BHV-1 reactivation from latency. The synthetic corticosteroid, dexamethasone (DEX) mimics stress and induces BHV-1 and HSV-1 reactivation. However, molecular mechanisms by which corticosteroid mediates viral reactivation are not well understood. My dissertation has focused on elucidating events that induce BHV- 1 or HSV-1 reactivation during the early stages of stress-induced escape …

Vision For The Prevention Of Infections Using Homoeopathy, Raj Manchanda

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

No abstract provided.

Book Review: "Study Of Homoeopathic Medicines Through Clinical Verification" Volume Iii, Lex Rutten

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

No abstract provided.

Immune Dimorphism In Wild Mice Of Monteverde, Costa Rica, December 2016, Danielle M. Thoene

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Rodents are at risk as climate change and human interference promote the spread of infectious disease. As a result, understanding the relationship between disease and population characteristics is important in developing conservation and management strategies. I investigated the existence of immune dimorphism, which is the variation in immune response and function between sexes, in mice of the Monteverde region. I captured a total of 33 mice and 1 rat: Heteromys nubicolens (n=18), Peromyscus nudipes (n=13), Scotinomys teguina (n=1), and Oligoryzomys fulvescens (n=1). For each captured individual, I collected all visible ectoparasites and took a blood sample for further laboratory analysis. …

Multiplex Real Time Pcr And Melt Curve Assay Development For The Simultaneous Detection And Identification Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae And Staphylococcus Aureus, Melissa J. Pierpont

All NMU Master's Theses

Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae are bacteria that commonly colonize healthy individuals without causing disease. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), a more virulent type of S. aureus, is carried by a small percentage of people. These two bacteria have an adversarial relationship both in vitro and in vivo, with S. pneumoniae being able to limit the growth of S. aureus. It has been hypothesized that the relationship between these bacteria may be altered in individuals immunized with the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, raising concerns that vaccinated individuals may be more likely to carry MRSA. Assessing the carriage rate of these bacteria …

Evaluation Of A Multiplex Real-Time Pcr Assay To Simultaneously Detect Streptococcus Pneumoniae And Staphylococcus Aureus In Nasal Samples, Polly Hockberger

All NMU Master's Theses

Invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus is associated with nasal carriage of these bacteria. Use of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in children altered nasal carriage rates and reduced infections due to S. pneumonia. Similar studies demonstrate that there is an inverse correlation between S. pneumoniae and S. aureus nasal carriage in children, but this inverse correlation has not been extensively investigated adults. The PCV is now approved for use in adults, a group more likely to be colonized with S. aureus. To investigate the impact of PCV vaccination on S. aureus carriage in adults, the …

Chikungunya Virus Infection In Balb/C And Icr Mouse Models, Sonthaya Tiawsirisup, Ranida Tuanudom, Nichapat Yurayart

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is an emerging or re-emerging infectious disease found in several countries. The ecology of this virus involves humans, reservoir animals, and mosquito vectors. Two experiments were conducted in this study. Blood samples were collected and tested for CHIKV infection by using immunocytochemistry (ICC) staining and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For the first experiment, BALB/c mice were inoculated with 106.3 CID50/mouse. Mean CHIKV titers in the BALB/c mice were 103.3, 101.5, 102.3, and 102.3 CID50/ml of serum on day 1 to day 4 post inoculation (PI), respectively. For the second experiment, there were two groups …

Improving The Assessment And Care Management Of Patients With Diabetes At Risk For Foot Ulcers And Amputations, Karen Architect

Doctor of Nursing Practice

Purpose: To implement guidelines set in 2016, by the American Diabetes Association (ADA), which recommend annual and periodic foot exams for patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Background: Uncontrolled diabetes and foot complications can lead to permanent disability, loss of employment often leading to depression and increased morbidities (Szpunar, Minnick, Dako, & Saravolatz, 2014). Significance of Problem: Individuals who are diagnosed with diabetes are at risk for foot ulcers and amputations if not properly managed. Implementation of a foot screening program has been shown to reduce foot ulcers and amputations (Peterson & Virden, 2013). Methods: Annual and periodic foot …

Dissecting The Physiological Roles Of Ulk1/2 In The Mouse Brain, Bo Wang

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Mammalian UNC-51–like kinases 1 and 2 (ULK1 and ULK2), Caenorhabditis elegans UNC-51 and Drosophila melanogaster Atg1 are redundant serine/threonine kinases that regulate flux through the autophagy pathway in response to various types of cellular stress. C. elegans UNC-51 and D. melanogaster Atg1 also promote axonal growth and defasciculation, and disruption of these genes results in defects in axon guidance in invertebrates. Germline Ulk1/2-deficient mice die perinatally. Therefore, we used a conditional-knockout approach to investigate the roles of ULK1/2 in the brain. Mice lacking Ulk1 and Ulk2 in their central nervous systems (CNS) showed defects in axonal pathfinding and defasciculation affecting …

Personalized Medicine: Is It Time For Infectious Diseases?, Maha A. Al-Mozaini, Michael K. Mansour

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Who Recommends 29 Ways To Stop Surgical Infections And Avoid Superbugs

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Impact Of A Positive Behavior Support System On Staff Behavior At The Boys And Girls Club, Brian Molina

Masters Theses

The present study sought to increase correct staff utilization of a positive behavior support system at the Boys and Girls Clubs of Greater Kalamazoo. The intervention consisted of implementing a new club-wide positive behavior support program. The main components of the positive behavior support program were (a) training for staff on how to use the positive behavior support system, (b) staff teaching of the positive behavior support system to members, (c) the implementation of a token economy system for reinforcing positive behavior, and (d) a data collection/feedback system to inform supervisors on the progress of members and staff.

This study …

Black-White Disparities In Criminal Justice Referrals To Drug Treatment: Addressing Treatment Need Or Expanding The Diagnostic Net?, Karen Mcelrath, Angela Taylor, Kimberly K. Tran

College of Humanities and Social Sciences

Slightly more than half of admissions to U.S. publicly-funded treatment for marijuana use are referred by the criminal justice system; this pattern has remained for at least 20 years. Nationally, Blacks comprise nearly a third of treatment admissions for marijuana use. This article explores the interplay between race and criminal justice referrals to treatment for marijuana use. Using data from the (U.S.) 2011 Treatment Episode Data Set, we examine the relationship between race and diagnosis of cannabis use disorder (dependence versus abuse) among referrals to community-based treatment in North Carolina. We compare Black/White differences in cannabis diagnoses across four referral …

The Development Of An Immunization Training Program For Low-Income Families Within The Community, Amanda W. Cooper

DNP and Student Works

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge levels regarding childhood immunizations among low-income parents in an effort to improve the immunization rate of 19 to 35 month old children. Design and Sample: Participants (n=36) were administered a pre- and post-test questionnaire asking for correct identification of vaccine needs of children 19 to 35 months of age. Measurements: Descriptive statistics and McNemar's test were uses to answer the PICOT question and define the sample. Intervention: A QI project using the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle was implemented in a public health department care setting in Georgia to provide childhood immunization …

Cataract Surgery In Children From Birth To Less Than 13 Years Of Age: Baseline Characteristics Of The Cohort., Michael X. Repka, Trevano W. Dean, Elizabeth L. Lazar, Kimberly G. Yen, Phoebe D. Lenhart, Sharon F. Freedman, Denise Hug, Bahram Rahmani, Serena X. Wang, Raymond T. Kraker, David K. Wallace, Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: To describe baseline characteristics, initial postoperative refractive errors, operative complications, and magnitude of the intraocular lens (IOL) prediction error for refractive outcome in children undergoing lensectomy largely in North America.

DESIGN: Prospective registry study of children from birth to enrollment.

PARTICIPANTS: Total of 1266 eyes of 994 children; 49% female and 59% white.

METHODS: Measurement of refractive error, axial length, and complete ophthalmic examination.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Eye and systemic associated conditions, IOL style, refractive error, pseudophakic refraction prediction error, operative and perioperative complications.

RESULTS: Mean age at first eligible lens surgery was 4.2 years; 337 (34%) were(59%). Additional …

A 9-Year-Old Boy With A Chest Mass And Eosinophilia., Laura E. Norton, Sean N. Curtis, Jennifer L. Goldman

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between Pediatric Asthma And Obesity In Nevada, Jennifer Anne Lucas

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Asthma and obesity are two of the most common comorbid health problems in the U.S. Currently nearly 8% of Nevada youth are affected by asthma and more than 30% are overweight or obese. Obesity is a risk factor for asthma, yet asthma-related factors such as decreased physical activity and use of oral corticosteroids for asthma control can lead to obesity. This study examined the relationship between asthma and obesity in two pediatric populations in Nevada. It was hypothesized that children with asthma and elevated BMI would have more severe asthma symptoms, decreased lung function, poorer quality-of-life measures, and different atopic …

Metabolic Regulation And Cryotolerance Of In Vitro-Produced Holstein Embryos, Melissa Ann Roberts

Master's Theses

In vitro production and transfer of embryos has become a common practice within the dairy industry to efficiently breed superior animals and meet the consumption demand of the growing population. Cyropreservation is necessary for the application of commercialized embryo transfer, however, in vitro-produced embryos show morphological and physiological defects which negatively impact their ability to withstand cryopreservation in comparison to their in vivo counterparts. These artifacts result from culture conditions that cause stress to the embryo during development, leading to an accumulation of intracellular lipids, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ultimately poor ability to withstand freezing and thawing. The objective of …

Fine-Scale Genetic Structure In Female Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus), Cortney W. Noble, Jeremy M. Bono, Helen K. Pigage, David W. Hale, Jon C. Pigage

Western North American Naturalist

Fine-scale genetic structure in animal populations can have important consequences for evolutionary processes and can influence conservation and management decisions. Cervids often live in matrilineal social groups, and this spatial grouping can create fine-scale genetic structure among females. We used DNA and radio-location data at Fort Carson Military Reservation in south central Colorado, USA, to determine whether female mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) living in close proximity were more likely to be related. Spatial data were obtained over an 18-month period using data transmitted from GPS collars. Average positions for each animal were correlated with relatedness estimates calculated using …

From Development As Disaster To Disaster As Development: Lessons From The Marseille Plague Of 1720

UBC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Privacy Protection And Aggregate Health Data: A Review Of Tabular Cell Suppression Methods (Not) Employed In Public Health Data Systems, Gregory J. Matthews, Ofer Harel, Robert H. Aseltine Jr.

Mathematics and Statistics: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Public health research often relies on individuals’ confidential medical data. Therefore, data collecting entities, such as states, seek to disseminate this medical data as widely as possible while still maintaining the privacy of the individual for legal and ethical reasons. One common way in which this medical data is released is through the use of Web-based Data Query Systems (WDQS). In this article, we examined WDQS listed in the National Association for Public Health Statistics and Information Systems (NAPHSIS) specifically reviewing them for how they prevent statistical disclosure in queries that produce a tabular response. One of the most common …

Bilateral Moyamoya Disease In A 2-Year-Old Pakistani Male Treated With Bilateral Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis: A Positive Outcome., Shahvaiz Magsi, Adeel Khoja, Mansoor Ali Merchant Rameez, Ariba Khan, Noman Ishaque

Department of Medicine

Background. We present a rare case of bilateral moyamoya disease presenting as multiple strokes and neurological deficits, treated with the neurosurgical procedure, encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS), in a 2-year-old male Pakistani minor. A positive outcome was achieved and the patient recovered fully. Case Summary. Our patient presented with a history of seizures and multiple episodes of hemiparesis (on and off weakness) at the age of 2 years. He had a delayed speech development and could not speak more than a few words. He had a slight slurring of speech too. He was diagnosed with bilateral moyamoya disease on Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA). …

Clinical Manifestations And Outcomes Of Pulmonary Aspergillosis: Experience From Pakistan., Nousheen Iqbal, Muhammad Irfan, Ali Bin Sarwar Zubairi, Kauser Jabeen, Safia Awan, Javaid Khan

Department of Medicine

Introduction: Pulmonary aspergillosis has variable course of illness, severity and outcomes depending on underlying conditions. There is limited data available on the clinical manifestations and outcome of pulmonary aspergillosis from Pakistan.

Methods: To determine the clinical manifestations and outcome of pulmonary aspergillosis in a tertiary care hospital a retrospective study was conducted from 2004 to 2014 in patients admitted with pulmonary aspergillosis at the Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Pakistan.

Results: Of the 280 cases with provisional diagnosis of aspergillosis 69 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 45±15.7 years, 48 (69.6%) were men and 21 (30.4%) had diabetes …

Immunotherapeutic Strategies To Reverse Tumor Associated Immunosuppression In Breast Cancer, Sruthi Ravindranathan

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Heterogenous cancers such as breast carcinoma, would highly benefit from personalized vaccine approaches such as autologous tumor cell vaccines (ATCVs). By using cancer cells that are isolated from self, this approach has the potential to generate a polyclonal immune response against tumor antigens, that are specific to the individual. However, so far, ATCVs against breast cancers have not had any clinical success due to the poor immunogenicity of the malignant cells.

In this study, for the first time, we determined tumor derived G-CSF to play a major role in affecting immune response against breast cancer ATCVs. By using CRISPR/Cas9 genome …

Predictors Of Diarrheal Mortality And Patterns Of Caregiver Health Seeking Behavior In In Karachi, Pakistan, Farah Naz Qamar, Umber Zaman, Farheen Quadri, Asia Khan, Babar Tasneem Shaikh, Iqbal Azam, Dilruba Nasrin, Karen Kotloff, Myron Levine, Nick Brown

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Pakistan is unfortunately among the five countries that contributed to the most deaths due to diarrhea and pneumonia in 2010. To explore factors associated with diarrheal deaths we assessed care-seeking behavior and other predictors of diarrhea-related mortality in children in selected low-income peri-urban communities of Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: A mixed methods study (qualitative and quantitative) using matched case-control design and focus group discussions with parents of children with moderate to severe diarrhea (MSD) was undertaken. Cases were children Demographic, clinical, and care-related behavioral predictors of mortality were assessed. Conditional logistic regression was performed, matched adjusted odds ratios (mOR) are …

Nucelotide Substitution Rates In Hantavirus Cd8+ T-Cell Epitopes, Brian Gerald Sikes

Graduate Theses

Hantaviruses pathogenic to humans are exclusive to rodents. Typically each hantavirus is associated with only one host species. Due to their close association, the geographical distributions are the same. Old World species, such as Hantaan hantavirus and Puumala hantavirus, induce symptoms described as the Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS). The New World hantaviruses, such as Andes hantavirus and Sin Nombre hantavirus, share a suite of symptoms that have been described as Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS). In this study, 16 well-characterized cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) epitopes of the nucleocapsid (N) protein were identified from the literature.

These 16 …

Til Death Did Us Part, The Story Of The Health And Death Of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Mary E. Edgecomb

Graduate Theses

The awe of celebrity, including presidents, creates the impression of beings who are larger than life, without the problems of the common man. Franklin D. Roosevelt, unbeknownst to many Americans, had significant health issues. These health issues predate his paralytic illness and worsened during his presidency. Efforts to maintain his image as the unconquerable president of the United Sates led to concealment of these problems and, in turn, negatively impacted his medical care. While most previous studies focused on individual health issues, this research will show a continuum of medical problems that not only impacted his presidency but also were …

Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques In The Diagnosis Of Infectious Diseases: The Way Forward, K N Brahmadathan

Manipal Journal of Medical Sciences

Nucleic acid amplification-based tests as laboratory diagnostic tools have attracted a lot of attention in the past several years. From the discovery of polymerase chain reaction in 1983 to the human genome sequencing in 2001, these tests have come into prominence as major tools for rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases, identification of microbes directly from clinical samples, and their genotyping for epidemiological studies. Identification of fastidious or uncultivable microbes, hitherto unrecognized microorganisms, and rapid identification of multidrug resistance have been made possible by refining many of these techniques. Several modifications are now available, which make them more accessible to a …

Real Talk: Developing A Computer-Delivered Sexual Health Program For Black Men Who Have Sex With Men, Charles H. Klein, Carmela Lomonaco

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

HIV disproportionately affects Black men who have sex with men (MSM), yet there are few evidence-based programs that respond to the diverse realities of Black MSM communities. This article examines the development of Real Talk, a new harm reduction-based, sexual health intervention for Black MSM. We first analyze the key themes from our formative research: (1) stigma, discrimination, and intersectionalities in the lives of Black MSM, (2) the importance of safe spaces and community provided by health promotion programs, and (3) moving beyond condoms in sexual health messaging. We then describe our agile design product development process and present an …

Research & Strategic Partnerships: Quarterly Review, Volume 3, Issue 3, Portland State University. Research & Strategic Partnerships

Portland State Research Magazine

This issue of the Quarterly Review focuses on population health and strategies to improve it. Although these strategies may be revised and added to in the years ahead, the “Triple Aim” of addressing health costs, improving the experience of care, and maintaining healthy populations will undoubtedly remain unchanged, as will our drive to better understand the role of public health in developing resilient people and communities.

The research highlighted in this issue also bears witness to the importance of community and the ways in which Portland State University and the OHSU-PSU School of Public Health are empowering communities to live …