Digital Commons Network^™

Effects Of Extended Spaceflight On The Mandible And Incisor Teeth Of Mice, Didem Dagdeviren

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Impacts Of Pollutants On Beavers And Otters With Implications For Ecosystem Ramifications, Elizabeth K. Peterson, Bruce A. Schulte

Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education

Anthropogenic pollution has impacted ecosystems and organisms globally. Aquatic freshwater systems are of particular concern because of their importance to human health and livelihoods. Sentinel species can serve as indicators for both individual and population-level health risks to both wildlife and humans, and therefore facilitate the mitigation and prevention of such contamination. When such species are also keystone species and/or ecological engineers in aquatic ecosystems, understanding the influence of pollutants on their physiology and behavior acquires added importance. Given that river otters ( Lontra canadensis and Lutra lutra ) and beavers ( Castor canadensis and C. fiber ) serve such …

Ambient Scent As A Mood Inducer In Supermarkets: The Role Of Scent Intensity And Time-Pressure Of Shoppers, Maam Leenders, A Smidts, Ae Haji

School of Psychology

This research aims to study the effect of a carefully selected congruent and simple ambient scent in a real-world supermarket setting. Specifically, we study how different levels of scent intensity affect shopper's mood, behavior and evaluations in a space with naturally occurring scents. Using electrostatic aroma diffusers, we apply a carefully selected melon scent at three different intensity levels in a large store of a major supermarket operator. The results show that, in the condition with high scent intensity, the scent has a significant positive effect on shopper’s store evaluations, time spent in store and store level sales. We provide …

Ramadan & Pregnancy, Omar Rizvi

Celebration of Learning

Fasting during Ramadan, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar, is one of the five pillars of Islam and is fard (obligatory) for all Muslims physically and mentally capable of doing so. In the Qur’an, it is made abundantly clear that religion and its acts of worship are not meant to pose undue difficulty or hardship (Qur’an 22:78, 5:6, 2:185). My paper explores the Islamic definitions for “unnecessary difficulty” and “physically capable” specifically in regards to pregnant women. At what point does fasting incur significant, if any, damage to the fetus that it should prevent the mother from participating in …

Effects Of Oral Ingestion Of Bisphenol A On Type 2 Diabetes Risk Markers Ii. Project, Alyssa Bird, Dana Williams

Baker/Koob Endowments Awarded Projects

Eleven healthy adults (3 M, 8 F; 21.3 ± 0.8 yr; 24.0 ± 3.8 kg/m2) were block randomized to a single ingestion of placebo, low dose BPA (4 μg/kg-bw), or high dose BPA (50 μg/kg-bw) on separate days in a double-blinded, crossover fashion. Blood was drawn at baseline and repeatedly for 3 hours following each condition. Data collection has been completed for 11 subjects, and analyses of plasma BPA concentrations in these subjects have shown three distinct concentrations for high, low, and placebo conditions. Preliminary analyses of plasma insulin concentrations in 3 subjects appear to show differences in concentrations between …

Research News Newsletter, Summer 2016, Research News Newsletter, Stony Brook University.

Research News

Quarterly newsletter from the Office of the Vice President for Research

Trust, Reciprocity, Fairness, And Mind Reading Under Stress, Charles Jia Yao Xie

Master's Theses

Some hypothesized that when stressed, females activate tend-and-befriend, a stress response that enhances social abilities. Yet, critics argued this stress response is not exclusive to females and others suggested that males and females have different stress responses associated with social skills. This study intended to address these criticisms by testing whether males exhibit prosocial responses to stress and if particular stress responses improved social skills. To do this, 70 healthy introductory psychology students from a large public university in northern California were recruited to participate. Using random assignment, half of these individuals were exposed to an acute stressor and another …

Faculty Retirement Recognition Dinner 2016, Western Michigan University

Faculty Recognition

Faculty Retirement Recognition Dinner Program

May 26, 2016

Honored Guests:

• Galen J. Alessi
• Kuriakose K. Athappilly
• David A. Barnes
• John B. Dilworth
• Alexander Enyedi
• Lauren Freedman
• Mary Patricia Fuehr
• Mark C. Kerstetter
• Christopher M. Korth
• Ronald Larson
• Robert J. Leneway
• Inayat U. Mangla
• Michael L. Miller
• James Donald Nelson
• Nickola W. Nelson
• Kathleen Onderlinde
• Joseph W. Petro, Jr.
• Michael S. Pritchard
• Roman J. Rabiej
• Laurie Hays Rivera
• Quentin Smith
• Dennis J. VandenBrink
• Jung-Chao Wang

Modular Low Earth Orbital-Hub Dlr Vision 2025, Dr. Oliver Romberg

Space Congress® Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Ohb Human Space Flight, Exploration, Science Projects, Dr. Marco Berg

Space Congress® Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Revealing The Quality Of Movement: A Meta-Analysis Review To Quantify The Thresholds To Pathological Variability During Standing And Walking, Niklas König Ignasiak

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Neuromotor processes are inherently noisy, which results in variability during movement and fluctu-ations in motor control. Although controversial, low levels of variability are traditionally considered healthy, while increased levels are thought to be pathological. This systematic review and meta-analysisof the literature investigates the thresholds between healthy and pathological task variability.

After examining 13,195 publications, 109 studies were included. Results from over 3000 healthy sub-jects and 2775 patients revealed an overall positive effect size of pathology on variability of 0.59 forwalking and 0.80 for sway. For the coefficient of variation of stride time (ST) and sway area (SA), upperthresholds of 2.6% …

Neuroscience Knowledge Among Athletic Training Professional Programs, Douglas M. Seavey, Chris Beatty, Tyler Lenhoff, Andrew Krause

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

The Journal of Sports Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, 2016;2(1) ISSN: 2376-9289 Seavey, Beatty, Lenhoff, & Krause. Neuroscience Knowledge Among Athletic Training Professional Programs

Neuroscience Knowledge Among Athletic Training Professional Programs

Douglas M. Seavey, AT, Christopher T. Beatty, Tyler L. Lenhoff, & Bentley A. Krause, PhD, AT

Ohio University, College of Health Sciences & Professions, Division of Athletic Training. ____________________________________________________________________

Context: Athletic trainers (ATs), more than any other healthcare professional, has expertise in areas of on-field assessment and management of sport related concussion and spinal cord injury. A search of the key words “brain” (n=>100) or “spinal cord/spine” …

Uab Apsa Partnership With Birmingham Ymca Ignites Curiosity About Science Using Experiments, Hands-On Activities, Liann Cates

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Depression On Bone Mineral Density In College-Aged Females, Caitlin A. Cadematori

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Research regarding the relationship between depression and bone mineral density (BMD) has produced very inconsistent and limited results, especially in younger females. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between depression scores and BMD in college-aged female students. Forty-six participants, ages 18-24 (+/-1.0368) completed a 24-hour dietary recall, medical history, Beck’s Depression Inventory and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) and had their femur and sacral vertebrae BMD, z-score, and t-score measured in the Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) machine. Participant demographics were analyzed with descriptive statistics and potential variable correlations were analyzed by partial and bipartial …

Effect Of Sulfide Toxicity On Cytochrome C Oxidase In Liver And Muscle Tissue In Fish Species, Nicole Martin

John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activities Day (SACAD)

Toxic effects of sulfide have long been recognized. However, specific physiological effects have been investigated in few metabolic systems. Much of sulfide toxicity comes from inhibition of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (CytOx), which catalyzes the terminal step in aerobic respiration in eukaryotes. Previous work investigated CytOx activity in the presence of sulfide in numerous plant species and showed that estuarine species were more tolerant of sulfide compared to flooding sensitive species. This suggested that varying sensitivities of CytOx to sulfide exist across organisms as an adaptive mechanism to life in highly sulfidic salt marshes. But little is known whether …

Alzheimer Disease Research In The 21st Century: Past And Current Failures, New Perspectives And Funding Priorities, Francesca Pistollato, Elan L. Ohayon, Ann Lam, Gillian R. Langley, Thomas J. Novak, David Pamies, George Perry, Eugenia Trushina, Robin S.B. Williams, Alex E. Roher, Thomas Hartung, Stevan Harnad, Neal D. Barnard, Martha Clare Morris, Mei-Chun Lai, Ryan Merkley, P. Charukeshi Chandrasekera

Experimentation Collection

Much of Alzheimer disease (AD) research has been traditionally based on the use of animals, which have been extensively applied in an effort to both improve our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease and to test novel therapeutic approaches. However, decades of such research have not effectively translated into substantial therapeutic success for human patients. Here we critically discuss these issues in order to determine how existing human-based methods can be applied to study AD pathology and develop novel therapeutics. These methods, which include patient-derived cells, computational analysis and models, together with large-scale epidemiological studies represent novel and …

Hypertonicity: Pathophysiologic Concept And Experimental Studies, Christos Argyropoulos, Helbert Rondon-Berrios, Dominic S. Raj, Deepak Malhotra, Emmanuel I. Agaba, +5 Additional Authors

Medicine Faculty Publications

Disturbances in tonicity (effective osmolarity) are the major clinical disorders affecting cell volume. Cell shrinking secondary to hypertonicity causes severe clinical manifestations and even death. Quantitative management of hypertonic disorders is based on formulas computing the volume of hypotonic fluids required to correct a given level of hypertonicity. These formulas have limitations. The major limitation of the predictive formulas is that they represent closed system calculations and have been tested in anuric animals. Consequently, the formulas do not account for ongoing fluid losses during development or treatment of the hypertonic disorders. In addition, early comparisons of serum osmolality changes predicted …

Impact Of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (Egcg), A Broad-Spectrum Anti-Inflammatory, In Controlling Intestinal Factors Contributing To Inflammatory Bowel Disease., Gerald Wayne Dryden, Jr.

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation explores the role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), as a potential treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is a common disorder that causes a great deal of suffering. Our understanding of the etiologies, pathogenic mechanisms, and treatment targets continues to evolve. Many new therapeutic targets are making their way through the pharmaceutical pipelines. However, not all patients benefit from these therapies. EGCG has long been studied as an anti-cancer agent. Most of our understanding of this compound comes from the oncologic literature. As the pathways of oncology and inflammation converge, new lessons can be taken from the …

Viruses, Vaccines And The Public, Judy Diamond, Julia Mcquillan, Amy Spiegel, Patricia Wonch Hill, Rebecca Smith, John T. West, Charles Wood

World of Viruses

Current research in virology is changing public conceptions about vaccines and infectious disease. The University of Nebraska State Museum collaborated with research virologists, science writers, artists and learning researchers to create public outreach materials about viruses and infectious disease. The project, funded by the National Institute of Health’s SEPA program, developed comics, a book with Carl Zimmer, and other materials and programs. The project launched three kinds of learning research: 1) a survey of Nebraska adults on their opinions about vaccines and infectious disease; 2) a study comparing the mental models of viruses, vaccines and infection from virologists, teachers, and …

The Skin Disease Mutation Cx31l209f Induces A Calcium- And Cobalt-Sensitive Leak Current Across The Plasma Membrane, Husain A. Bneed

Biology Theses

Gap junctions are essential to the function of multicellular animals, which require a high degree of coordination between cells. The functions of gap junctions are highly diverse and include exchange of metabolites and electrical signals between cells, as well as functions apparently unrelated to intercellular communication. In vertebrates, gap junctions are comprised of connexin proteins and over 20 connexins have been identified in humans. Each connexin is named according to its predicted molecular weight, for instance connexin31 (Cx31) has a predicted molecular weight of 31 KDa. Mutations in connexin genes cause a variety of disorders depending on the connexin protein …

Exogenous Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (Pufa) Scavenging Affects Phospholipid Profiles And Virulence Phenotypes In Vibrio Cholerae And Vibrio Parahaemolyticus, Anna Moravec

Honors Theses

AIM: This research had two primary objectives. First, this study sought to determine whether or not exposing Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) would lead to changes in their respective phospholipid profiles. Secondly, if membrane remodeling occurred, this study sought to determine the impact of membrane modifications on bacterial fitness by evaluating their effect on membrane permeability, biofilm formation, and response to stresses. METHODS: The Bligh and Dyer method was used to extract bacterial lipids, which were subsequently analyzed via thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The effect of fatty acids on bacterial fitness was assessed using stress, biofilm, …

The Role Of Orexin Receptors In Diurnal Variations In Learning And Memory, Jacob Christian Blotter

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The brain's ability to learn and remember is a topic of extensive debate and research. Mammals share many similarities, including the way in which information from the outside world is processed and stored. Mammalian circadian rhythms have long been thought to be essentially involved with these processes. Orexin, a neurotransmitter in the brain, plays a crucial role in arousal and circadian rhythm. This study is designed to explore the brain's ability to process and store information at different times of the circadian period, and to explore the role of orexin by comparing the performance of normal (wild-type) mice and abnormal …

Effects Of Simple Postural Instructions On Running Form Modification In Recreational Runners – Preliminary Findings, Elizabeth Billington, Scott Devries, Kenshin Scoggin

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Background and purpose: Running is one of the most popular exercises but it is also an activity with a high incidence of injury. Running form modification involving a forward lean of the trunk and forefoot strike pattern has been shown to be effective in attenuating the impact forces of the lower extremity. However, it is currently unknown how these changes can be most effectively instructed and learned by the runners. Previous studies have shown that practicing a motor task with an external focus can facilitate learning and retention when compared to the more common internal focus instructions. The purpose of …

Quantifying Drivers' Responses To Failures Of Semi-Autonomous Vehicle Systems, Sijun Shen

All Dissertations

The number of vehicles on the road with advanced and automated driving support systems (DSSs) is increasing. However, there may be some issues related to the implementation of DSSs in vehicles. One of those issues caused by the automated DSSs relates to the drivers' being out-of-the-loop. As drivers' roles are transitioned from system operators to systems supervisors (as in autonomous vehicles), drivers' situation awareness of the driving surroundings may decrease which could negatively affect their responses when they need to take control of the vehicle from the malfunctioned (or failed) DSSs. Additionally, with both the adaptive cruise control (ACC) and …

Spaces Of Visibility And Identity, Shelby R. Purdy

Undergraduate Honors Theses

“Spaces of Visibility and Identity” is an exploration on how being immersed in constant visibility has an effect on an individual’s identity. Visibility is not a narrow term meant to signify solely observation; rather, visibility is the state of existing within a world that does not allow for total isolation. To exist within the world is to be visible to others, and this visibility is inescapable. Visibility can be seen as a presentation or a disclosure of oneself to other beings. Existing within the world inevitably implies that one is presenting oneself to others, whether or not the presentation is …

The Influence Of Prior Motor Actions On Motor Planning In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Daisha Lynn Cummins

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Studies have found children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have a rigidity of motor plans and difficulties planning and executing movements. Children with ASD also exhibit repetitive behaviors such as nail biting and rocking back and forth. When planning for movements, repetitive behaviors might manifest as difficulty in formulating new or switching between different motor plans. In typically developing individuals, actions are often influence by recently performed motor actions. We sought to determine if this influence was stronger in children with ASD.

A rotation motor task was created to evaluate the rigidity of motor planning of five children with ASD …

Issue 11

The Synapse: Intercollegiate science magazine

No abstract provided.

The Influences Of Texture And Mastication Pattern On Flavor Perception Across The Lifespan, Curtis Robert Luckett

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Texture is an often-overlooked food attribute and is known to influence other food characteristics. More specifically, texture has been repeatedly to influence how we perceive flavor. Several studies have linked this change in flavor perception to the altered mastication patterns that accompany texture changes. This dissertation is composed of four studies that were designed to address how American food consumers view texture and other food attributes as well as characterize how texture and mastication can influence temporal flavor dynamics. The first study was a survey that outlined consumer attitudes towards a variety of different foods. This study solidified that texture …

Cooling Effectiveness Of Modified Cold-Water Immersion Method Following Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia, Katherine Elizabeth Luhring

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Context: Recommended treatment of exertional heat stroke (EHS) includes whole body cold-water immersion (CWI); however, remote locations, spatial or monetary restrictions challenge CWI feasibility. Thus, the development of a modified, portable CWI method would allow for optimal treatment of EHS when restrictions apply. Objective: Determine cooling efficacy of modified CWI (tarp assisted cooling with oscillation; TACO) following exertional hyperthermia. Design: Randomized, crossover controlled trial. Setting: Environmental chamber (33.4 ± 0.8°C, 55.7 ± 1.9% relative humidity). Patients or Other Participants: Sixteen (9 males, 7 females) volunteers (26 ± 4.7y, 1.76 ± 0.09m, 72.5 ± 9.0kg, 20.7 ± 7.1%body fat) with no …

Effect Of Sulfide Toxicity On Cytochrome C Oxidase In Liver And Muscle Tissue In Fish Species, Nicole Martin

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

Toxic effects of sulfide have long been recognized. However, specific physiological effects have been investigated in few metabolic systems. Much of sulfide toxicity comes from inhibition of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (CytOx), which catalyzes the terminal step in aerobic respiration in eukaryotes. Previous work investigated CytOx activity in the presence of sulfide in numerous plant species and showed that estuarine species were more tolerant of sulfide compared to flooding sensitive species. This suggested that varying sensitivities of CytOx to sulfide exist across organisms as an adaptive mechanism to life in highly sulfidic salt marshes. But little is known whether …