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2015

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Chloroplasts Play A Central Role In Plant Defence And Are Targeted By Pathogen Effectors, Torres Zabala M De, George Littlejohn, Siddharth Jayaraman, David Studholme, Trevor Bailey, Tracy Lawson, Michael Tillich, Dirk Licht, Bettina Bölter, Laura Delfino, William Truman, John Mansfield, Nicholas Smirnoff, Murray Grant Jan 2015

Chloroplasts Play A Central Role In Plant Defence And Are Targeted By Pathogen Effectors, Torres Zabala M De, George Littlejohn, Siddharth Jayaraman, David Studholme, Trevor Bailey, Tracy Lawson, Michael Tillich, Dirk Licht, Bettina Bölter, Laura Delfino, William Truman, John Mansfield, Nicholas Smirnoff, Murray Grant

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


The Global Importance Of Regional Studies In Marine Science: Trans-Boundary Pollutants Matter, Gunnar G. Lauenstein, Kenneth M.Y. Leung, Jason M. Hall-Spencer Jan 2015

The Global Importance Of Regional Studies In Marine Science: Trans-Boundary Pollutants Matter, Gunnar G. Lauenstein, Kenneth M.Y. Leung, Jason M. Hall-Spencer

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


Use Of A Seagrass Residency Index To Apportion Commercial Fishery Landing Values And Recreation Fisheries Expenditure To Seagrass Habitat Service., Emma L. Jackson, Siân E. Rees, Catherine Wilding, Martin J. Attrill Jan 2015

Use Of A Seagrass Residency Index To Apportion Commercial Fishery Landing Values And Recreation Fisheries Expenditure To Seagrass Habitat Service., Emma L. Jackson, Siân E. Rees, Catherine Wilding, Martin J. Attrill

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Where they dominate coastlines, seagrass beds are thought to have a fundamental role in maintaining populations of exploited species. Thus, Mediterranean seagrass beds are afforded protection, yet no attempt to determine the contribution of these areas to both commercial fisheries landings and recreational fisheries expenditure has been made. There is evidence that seagrass extent continues to decline, but there is little understanding of the potential impacts of this decline. We used a seagrass residency index, that was trait and evidence based, to estimate the proportion of Mediterranean commercial fishery landings values and recreation fisheries total expenditure that can be attributed …


Animal Personality As A Cause And Consequence Of Contest Behaviour., Mark Briffa, Lynne U. Sneddon, Alastair J. Wilson Jan 2015

Animal Personality As A Cause And Consequence Of Contest Behaviour., Mark Briffa, Lynne U. Sneddon, Alastair J. Wilson

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

We review the evidence for a link between consistent among-individual variation in behaviour (animal personality) and the ability to win contests over limited resources. Explorative and bold behaviours often covary with contest behaviour and outcome, although there is evidence that the structure of these 'behavioural syndromes' can change across situations. Aggression itself is typically repeatable, but also subject to high within-individual variation as a consequence of plastic responses to previous fight outcomes and opponent traits. Common proximate mechanisms (gene expression, endocrine control and metabolic rates) may underpin variation in both contest behaviour and general personality traits. Given the theoretical links …


Bone-Eating Osedax Worms Lived On Mesozoic Marine Reptile Deadfalls., S Danise, Nd Higgs Jan 2015

Bone-Eating Osedax Worms Lived On Mesozoic Marine Reptile Deadfalls., S Danise, Nd Higgs

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

We report fossil traces of Osedax, a genus of siboglinid annelids that consume the skeletons of sunken vertebrates on the ocean floor, from early-Late Cretaceous (approx. 100 Myr) plesiosaur and sea turtle bones. Although plesiosaurs went extinct at the end-Cretaceous mass extinction (66 Myr), chelonioids survived the event and diversified, and thus provided sustenance for Osedax in the 20 Myr gap preceding the radiation of cetaceans, their main modern food source. This finding shows that marine reptile carcasses, before whales, played a key role in the evolution and dispersal of Osedax and confirms that its generalist ability of colonizing different …


On The Verge? Preferential Use Of Road-Facing Hedgerow Margins By Bumblebees In Agro-Ecosystems, Mick E. Hanley, Joshua P. Wilkins Jan 2015

On The Verge? Preferential Use Of Road-Facing Hedgerow Margins By Bumblebees In Agro-Ecosystems, Mick E. Hanley, Joshua P. Wilkins

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

The global pollinator decline is commonly linked to modern intensive farming practices, partly because excessive herbicide and fertilizer use is thought to reduce pollinator food plant availability. This effect is particularly obvious across crop-/non-crop boundaries, but no study has compared pollinator and food plant abundance on adjacent crop- and roadside margins. We compared bumblebee abundance along 30 hedgerows in SW England; bordered either side by roads and arable fields (cultivated with wheat, barley, oilseed rape, or beans). Total bumblebee abundance along roadsides was over twice that observed on adjacent crop-facing margins, irrespective of crop type and this general pattern was …


Exaggerated Displays Do Not Improve Mounting Success In Male Seaweed Flies Fucellia Tergina (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), Ruth Memmott, Mark Briffa Jan 2015

Exaggerated Displays Do Not Improve Mounting Success In Male Seaweed Flies Fucellia Tergina (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), Ruth Memmott, Mark Briffa

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


The Socio-Economic Effects Of A Marine Protected Area On The Ecosystem Service Of Leisure And Recreation, Siân E. Rees, Stephen C. Mangi, Caroline Hattam, Sarah C. Gall, Lynda D. Rodwell, Frankie J. Peckett, Martin J. Attrill Jan 2015

The Socio-Economic Effects Of A Marine Protected Area On The Ecosystem Service Of Leisure And Recreation, Siân E. Rees, Stephen C. Mangi, Caroline Hattam, Sarah C. Gall, Lynda D. Rodwell, Frankie J. Peckett, Martin J. Attrill

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


Evaluating Shoreline Identification Using Optical Satellite Images, G Garcia-Rubio, David Huntley, Paul Russell Jan 2015

Evaluating Shoreline Identification Using Optical Satellite Images, G Garcia-Rubio, David Huntley, Paul Russell

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


Evidence For Distinct Coastal And Offshore Communities Of Bottlenose Dolphins In The North East Atlantic., Machiel G. Oudejans, Fleur Visser, Anneli Englund, Emer Rogan, Simon N. Ingram Jan 2015

Evidence For Distinct Coastal And Offshore Communities Of Bottlenose Dolphins In The North East Atlantic., Machiel G. Oudejans, Fleur Visser, Anneli Englund, Emer Rogan, Simon N. Ingram

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Bottlenose dolphin stock structure in the northeast Atlantic remains poorly understood. However, fine scale photo-id data have shown that populations can comprise multiple overlapping social communities. These social communities form structural elements of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) [corrected] populations, reflecting specific ecological and behavioural adaptations to local habitats. We investigated the social structure of bottlenose dolphins in the waters of northwest Ireland and present evidence for distinct inshore and offshore social communities. Individuals of the inshore community had a coastal distribution restricted to waters within 3 km from shore. These animals exhibited a cohesive, fission-fusion social organisation, with repeated resightings …


Evaluating Unsupervised Methods To Size And Classify Suspended Particles Using Digital In-Line Holography, Emlyn J. Davies, Daniel Buscombe, George W. Graham, W. Alex M. Nimmo-Smith Jan 2015

Evaluating Unsupervised Methods To Size And Classify Suspended Particles Using Digital In-Line Holography, Emlyn J. Davies, Daniel Buscombe, George W. Graham, W. Alex M. Nimmo-Smith

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Substantial information can be gained from digital in-line holography of marine particles, eliminating depth-of-field and focusing errors associated with standard lens-based imagingmethods.However, for the technique to reach its full potential in oceanographic research, fully unsupervised (automated) methods are required for focusing, segmentation, sizing, and classification of particles. These computational challenges are the subject of this paper, in which the authors draw upon data collected using a variety of holographic systems developed at Plymouth University, United Kingdom, from a significant range of particle types, sizes, and shapes. A new method for noise reduction in reconstructed planes is found to be successful …