Digital Commons Network^™

Understory Tree Composition, Diversity And Natural Regeneration Status Of Uluguru Forests In Morogoro- Tanzania, David S. Kacholi

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Most of the studies on tropical forests vegetation have tended to focus on trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) greater or equal to 10cm, and limited attention has been paid to understory. This study was conducted in Uluguru forests in Morogoro region, Tanzania, with an objective of describing the understory tree composition, diversity and natural regeneration of some threatened species in the seven surveyed forests. Sampling was done in the forests whereby classification of understory was done into three layers: seedling (individuals with height < 1m), small sapling (DBH ≤ 3 cm), and large sapling (3 < DBH < 10 cm) layers. Large saplings were sampled in 20m × 20m plots, while subplots of 5m ×5m and 2m ×2m were placed at the centre of each plot for sampling small saplings and seedlings, respectively. A total of 2119 seedlings, 1798 small saplings, and 2585 large saplings belonging 91, 102, and 104 species, respectively, were recorded. Fabaceae was the most speciosefamily in all the studied compartments, and had higher familial importance value (FIV). The seedling layer had higher tree density than the large and small sapling layers, but the large and small sapling layers were more diverse than the seedling layer (p < 0.05).The species richness in each forest was significantly higher in the understory than overstory layer (p < 0.034); and the pairing was strongly positively correlated (r = 096, p = 0.0003). The Sørensen coefficients of similarities between understory and overstory ranged between 0.53–0.77, and were higher within each forest than among them. All forests revealed to have good regeneration, though it is important to understand that some species unveiled poor or hampered regeneration pattern.In summary, the understory was observed to be speciose than overstory layer; it was dominated by family Fabaceae, and the natural regeneration of the forests were good, however, some species need due attention.

Food Sharing Among Hadza Hunter-Gatherer Children, Alyssa N. Crittenden, David A. Zes

Anthropology Faculty Research

Human prosociality is one of the defining characteristics of our species, yet the ontogeny of altruistic behavior remains poorly understood. The evolution of widespread food sharing in humans helped shape cooperation, family formation, life history, language, and the development of economies of scale. While the behavioral and ecological correlates of food sharing among adults are widely studied, very little is known about food sharing among children. Here, in the first study to analyze the food sharing patterns of hunter-gatherer children, we show that while sharing may be biased towards kin, reciprocity characterizes the majority of all sharing dyads, both related …

Century-Long Warming Trends In The Upper Water Column Of Lake Tanganyika, Benjamin Kraemer, Simon Hook, Timo Huttula, Pekka Kotilainen, Catherine M. O'Reilly, Anu Peltonen, Pierre-Denis Plisnier, Jouko Sarvala, Rashid Tamatamah, Yvonne Vadeboncoeur, Bernhard Wehrli, Peter B. Mcintyre

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Lake Tanganyika, the deepest and most voluminous lake in Africa, has warmed over the last century in response to climate change. Separate analyses of surface warming rates estimated from in situ instruments, satellites, and a paleolimnological temperature proxy (TEX86) disagree, leaving uncertainty about the thermal sensitivity of Lake Tanganyika to climate change. Here, we use a comprehensive database of in situ temperature data from the top 100 meters of the water column that span the lake’s seasonal range and lateral extent to demonstrate that long-term temperature trends in Lake Tanganyika depend strongly on depth, season, and latitude. The observed spatiotemporal …

Autocatalytic Regime Theory And Unsc Spawned Cooperative Counterterrorism, Nawi Ukabiala

University of Miami National Security & Armed Conflict Law Review

No abstract provided.

(2015) Nanette Boyd, Nanette Boyd, T. James Reid

Ronald E. McNair Post-Baccalaureate Achievement Program

No abstract provided.

‘What About The Mother?’ Women׳S And Caregivers׳ Perspectives On Caesarean Birth In A Low-Resource Setting With Rising Caesarean Section Rates, Helena Litorp, Andrew Mgaya, Hussein Kidanto, Sara Johnsdotter, Birgitta Essén

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Objective in light of the rising caesarean section rates in many developing countries, we sought to explore women׳s and caregivers׳ experiences, perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs in relation to caesarean section.

Design qualitative study using semi-structured individual in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observations. The study relied on a framework of naturalistic inquiry and data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Setting a public university hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Participants we conducted a total of 29 individual interviews, 13 with women and 16 with caregivers, and two focus group discussions comprising five to six caregivers each. Women had undergone …

Hiv Risk Perception And Risk Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men In Nigeria, George I. Eluwa, Adebajo Sylvia, Stanley Luchters, Babatunde Ahonsi

Population Health, East Africa

Background: Some studies have shown that greater perceived vulnerability to HIV is associated with less involvement in risk taking. We evaluated prevalence and correlates of HIV risk perception among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Nigeria.

Methods: A cross sectional study using respondent driven sampling (RDS) was conducted in six Nigerian states in 2010. Weighted HIV risk perceptions were calculated using an RDS analytic tool. Logistic regression was used to determine correlates of HIV risk perception, stratified by state.

Results: The total number of MSM ranged from 217 in Abuja to 314 in Cross River state. Median age …

‘What About The Mother?’ Women׳S And Caregivers׳ Perspectives On Caesarean Birth In A Low-Resource Setting With Rising Caesarean Section Rates, Helena Litorp, Andrew Mgaya, Hussein Kidanto, Sara Johnsdotter, Birgitta Essén

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Objective: in light of the rising caesarean section rates in many developing countries, we sought to explore women׳s and caregivers׳ experiences, perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs in relation to caesarean section.

Design: qualitative study using semi-structured individual in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observations. The study relied on a framework of naturalistic inquiry and data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Setting: a public university hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Participants: we conducted a total of 29 individual interviews, 13 with women and 16 with caregivers, and two focus group discussions comprising five to six caregivers each. Women had undergone …

Venous Thromboembolism-Incidence Of Deep Venous Thrombosis And Pulmonary Embolism In Patients With Head And Neck Cancer: A Tertiary Care Experience In Pakistan, Naeem Sultan Ali, Ahmad Nawaz, Montasir Junaid, Maliha Kazi, Shabbir Akhtar

Department of Surgery Docs

Abstract

Introduction Although venous thromboembolism (VTE) is seen with morbidity and mortality in various surgical specialties, scarce data are available in the head and neck surgery domain. Objective We aim to determine the incidence of VTE in patients receiving surgery for head and neck cancer. Methods Four hundred thirteen patients who underwent head and neck surgery procedures between 2005 and 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. All patients with head and neck surgery had received thromboprophylaxis (i.e., compression stockings and subcutaneous heparin). Patient demographics, operating time, and length of hospital stay were analyzed. The incidence of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and …

Morphometry And Average Temperature Affect Lake Stratification Responses To Climate Change, Benjamin Kraemer, Orlane Anneville, Sudeep Chandra, Margaret Dix, Esko Kuusisto, David M. Livingstone, Alon Rimmer, S. Geoffrey Schladow, Eugene Silow, Lewis M. Sitoki, Rashid Tamatamah, Yvonne Vadeboncoeur, Peter B. Mcintyre

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Climate change is affecting lake stratification with consequences for water quality and the benefits that lakes provide to society. Here we use long-term temperature data (1970–2010) from 26 lakes around the world to show that climate change has altered lake stratification globally and that the magnitudes of lake stratification changes are primarily controlled by lake morphometry (mean depth, surface area, and volume) and mean lake temperature. Deep lakes and lakes with high average temperatures have experienced the largest changes in lake stratification even though their surface temperatures tend to be warming more slowly. These results confirm that the nonlinear relationship …

Predicting The Impact Of Temperature Change On The Future Distribution Of Maize Stem Borers And Their Natural Enemies Along East African Mountain Gradients Using Phenology Models, Sizah Mwalusepo, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Estomih S. Massawe, Gerphas O. Okuku, Nancy Khadioli, Tino Johansson, Paul André Calatayud, Bruno Pierre Le Ru

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Lepidopteran stem borers are among the most important pests of maize in East Africa. The objective of the present study was to predict the impact of temperature change on the distribution and abundance of the crambid Chilo partellus, the noctuid Busseola fusca, and their larval parasitoids Cotesia flavipes and Cotesia sesamiae at local scale along Kilimanjaro and Taita Hills gradients in Tanzania and Kenya, respectively. Temperature-dependent phenology models of pests and parasitoids were used in a geographic information system for mapping. The three risk indices namely establishment, generation, and activity indices were computed using current temperature data record from local …

Effects Of Nepotism And Family Conflicts On The Performance Of Family-Owned Firms In Tanzania: Contrasting Views, Goodluck Charles

Business Management Review

Drawing on the agency theory and the stewardship perspective, this article examines the extent to which nepotism and family conflicts affect the performance of family-owned firms in Tanzania. From a sample of 163 family firms and the Structural Equation Model (SEM) results, the article proffers that nepotism and family conflicts have no significant negative effect on both the financial and market-based performance of family firms. Contrary to previous studies which report that nepotism and family conflicts are detrimental to a firm ' s performance, it demonstrates that the small family-owned firms operating in a developing economy with an inadequate institutional …

The Role Of Resources In The Internationalisation Of Small And Medium Enterprises (Smes), Muhammed Ngoma, Ernest Abaho, Ismail Nkambwe

Business Management Review

Using a cross-sectional survey, this study investigates the relationship between firm resources (human capital, organisational capital and physical capital) and internationalisation of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Data was collected from 248 SMEs using self-administered questionnaires. Data was analysed using correlations and regression models. The study has established that a positive change in human capital, organisational capital and physical capital leads to a significant change in the internationalisation of SMEs. It has also established that an increase in physical resources weakens the predictive power of organisational capital resources in the internationalisation of SMEs. This study contributes to the scanty body …

Dynamics Of Social Networks And Growth Of Women-Owned Firms In Eritrea, Abel Habtemariam Tedla

Business Management Review

This paper examines the dynamics of social networks and their impact on the growth of women-owned firms. Paired samples t-test on 372 firms in Eritrea show that social networks are more important in the early stages than in the later stages and the difference is significant at p = .001. Regression analysis also reveals that social networks have an impact on the growth of the firm with R2 of .126 p < .001. From our empirical study, we provided evidence to the effect that the social networks ebb in importance along the business lifecycle. We also found that social networks contribute to growth. The study concludes that, the rate of dynamism of social networks depends on the socio-cultural factors and business context, which supports the feminist networking theories. In this regard, we extend the literature by arguing that firms ' networks are evolutionary constructs which depend upon the firms ' context.

Examining The Effects Of Socio Cultural Environment On Internationalization: Exporters' Perspective, Wineaster Anderson

Business Management Review

There is a shortage of literature and studies that link socio-cultural environment to internationalization particularly in developing countries. This paper examines the effects of socio-cultural environment on exporting using a multiple (n=30) case-study method. The exporter-specific in-depth interviews were conducted and responses categorized and presented using thematic statements and narrative form. The findings revealed that various cultural elements were affecting exporting activities particularly on marketing communication, price negotiations, labeling, branding and packaging. Language was found to have the greatest impact followed by education and religion. Exporters consider engaging local agents and exclusive distributors in the foreign markets as some of …

Appeal For Paradigmatic Research In Emerging Economies: Findings From An Analysis Of The Business Management Review (Bmr) Journal Articles, 1993-2014, Siasa Issa Mzenzi

Business Management Review

This paper reports the findings stemming from a review of 97 articles published in the Business Management Review (BMR), a journal hosted by the University of Dar es Salaam Business School (UDBS) of the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM), Tanzania. The overall aim of the review is to present the status of the published papers and their research implications in the context of emerging economies. The papers were classified and analysed according to research discipline, research settings, theoretical approach, nature of research, methodological approach, research methods, research location, residency (institutional affiliation), and number of authors. As part of corroborative …

Saving The Serengeti: Africa’S New International Judicial Environmentalism, James Thuo Gathii

Chicago Journal of International Law

This Article analyzes recent environmental law decisions of Africa’s fledgling international courts. In 2014, for example, the East African Court of Justice stopped the government of Tanzania from building a road across Serengeti National Park because of its potential adverse environmental impacts. Decisions like these have inaugurated a new era of enhanced environmental judicial protection in Africa. This expansion into environmental law decision-making by Africa’s international trade courts contrasts with other international courts that are designed to specialize on one issue area such as human rights or international trade, but not both. By contrast, Africa’s international courts are simultaneously pushing …

Sino-Western Rivalry As A New Trajectory Of Neo-Imperialism: A Critical Challenge For African Diplomacy And Development, Solomon Tai Okajare

Social Transformations Journal of the Global South

Africa’s underdevelopment and subservient status in the international political economy have often been analyzed as deliberate creations of Western influence, from the slave trade to neo-imperialism. But China’s recent phenomenal forage into Africa, which seems to provide a veritable alternative for Africa’s international engagements, is provoking rivalry from the West, whose traditional influence appears to be challenged. This paper examines the rise of China in Africa and argues that the Sino-Western rivalry, which the rise has provoked, implies a new scramble and trajectory of neoimperialism capable of worsening the already critical condition of Africa’s development. It concludes that, with China …

Using The Servqual Model To Evaluate The Quality Of Services For A Farm School Store, Michael C Handrinos, Dimitrios Folinas, Konstantinos Rotsios

Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets

The main objective of this paper is to present and analyse the findings of research which aims to measure the services that a locally-based SME (Small-Medium Enterprise) campus store of a farm school provides to its customers. The examined start-up store is operated by the College students in the context of their entrepreneurship, business and marketing classes. After one year of operation students decided to evaluate the quality of the store’s services and measure the customers’ satisfaction by applying the well-known SERVQUAL model. The deployment of the model revealed at first the importance of the store know-how to measure services …

Knowledge, Beliefs And Behaviours Regarding The Adverse Effects Of Medicines In An Omani Population : Cross-Sectional Survey, Jimmy Jose, Beena Jimmy, Moza N. S. Al-Hadrami, Thuraiya S. N., Halima M. Al-Zadjali

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, beliefs and behaviours of an Omani population with regards to the adverse effects of medicines. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted between February and June 2012. A 17-item questionnaire was designed to assess three aspects: knowledge, beliefs and behaviours related to medicine safety. A total of 740 questionnaires were distributed in three representative governorates of Oman. Median total scores for the three sections were estimated. Associations with participants’ demographic variables and medication histories were also assessed. Results: A total of 618 participants completed the survey (response rate: 83.5%). Many participants (46.4%) believed …

Consumption Smoothing And Labor Supply Allocation Decisions: Evidence From Tanzania, Dustin Davis

Master's Theses

This paper tests the hypothesis that agricultural households engage in intermittent wage labor as a way to smooth consumption in the face of idiosyncratic shocks to agricultural income. Using data on agricultural households from the Tanzanian LSMS-ISA National Panel Survey and global commodity price data as a source of plausibly exogenous variation, the sensitivity of wage labor to farm income shocks is estimated. The idiosyncratic shock to post-harvest income is estimated by incorporating pre-harvest information, including local farm-gate prices as instrumented by global commodity prices. The results show that households are more likely to select into wage labor and work …

University Of Richmond Commencement Exercises Program - 2015

Commencement Programs

University of Richmond Commencement Exercises Program, 2015. Including Conferring of Degrees to School of Arts & Sciences: Bachelor of Arts, and Bachelor of Science; The E. Claiborne Robins School of Business: Bachelor of Science in Business Administration; Jepson School of Leadership Studies: Bachelor of Arts.

First Opinion: The Third Layer Of Ebony Wood, Nancy Tolson

First Opinions, Second Reactions

No abstract provided.

"Mad As March Hares:" Kaiser Wilhelm Ii, Great Britain, And The Road To War, Jeffrey Kelly

Honors Program Theses and Projects

No abstract provided.

Commencement Program 2015 May: College Of Science, The University Of Texas At Arlington

Commencement Programs, Photos, and Video

No abstract provided.

Commencement Program 2015 May: College Of Architecture, Planning And Public Affairs; School Of Social Work; University College, The University Of Texas At Arlington

Commencement Programs, Photos, and Video

No abstract provided.

Commencement Program 2015 May: College Of Engineering, The University Of Texas At Arlington

Commencement Programs, Photos, and Video

No abstract provided.

Commencement Program 2015 May: College Of Liberal Arts, The University Of Texas At Arlington

Commencement Programs, Photos, and Video

No abstract provided.

Commencement Program 2015 May: College Of Education, The University Of Texas At Arlington

Commencement Programs, Photos, and Video

No abstract provided.

Commencement Program 2015 May: College Of Nursing And Health Innovation, The University Of Texas At Arlington

Commencement Programs, Photos, and Video

No abstract provided.