Digital Commons Network^™

Girls‟ Enrollment And Retention In Science Subjects At Secondary School Level From Form Three To Form Four: A Case Of A Coeducational Community Secondary School In Kinondoni District-Dar Es Salaam, Esther Kibga

Master of Education

The major concern of this study was that, despite Tanzania government being determined to improve access, equity and provision of quality education by introducing various programmes, policies and reforms but still the number of girls in science subjects is inadequate in community secondary schools. The major purpose of this study was to investigate on the factors which interferes enrolment and retention of girls in science at secondary school level in Kinondoni district-Dar es Salaam. The objectives of the study were; to establish girls‟ enrolment and retention rate in science classes in a coeducational community secondary school, determine socio-economic, socio-cultural, school …

Teachers’ Practices In Handling Learners With Visual Impairments In Inclusive Schools In Kenya: A Case Study Of A Primary School In Embu County, Anne Wakiini Mwaniki

Master of Education

Teachers’ practices in handling learners with visual impairments in inclusive schools have remained less explored especially at primary school level and in the developing countries. Consequently, their competences in handling these learners with visual impairments in inclusive schools are barely known bearing in mind that teachers are core players in the education of these learners. It is this gap in the existing literature that initiated this study. This study looks into the teachers’ practices in handling learners with visual impairments in inclusive schools in Kenya: It is a case study of a private primary school in Embu County. The purpose …

The Effects Of Instructional Supervision On Professional Development: Perception Of Public Primary School Teachers In Arua Municipality, Uganda, Angucia Holdah

Master of Education

This study sought to explore teachers‟ perceptions of the effects of instructional supervision particularly the three areas of preparation to teach, assessment of learning and time table utility. Previous research indicates that the perception of teachers towards instructional supervision needs to be positive if supervision is to meet its purpose of realizing high standard of instruction in schools. Furthermore, there was limited knowledge on what teachers perceive of the effect of instructional supervision on professional development despite the known relationship between perception and practice. The sample consisted of 116 teachers selected through stratified sampling from 10 public primary schools from …

Factors That Lead To Sustainability Of School-Feeding Programs In Rural Community Secondary Schools: A Case Study Of Two Secondary Schools In Nachingwea District, Lindi – Southern Tanzania, Yahaya Jafari Mbembe

Master of Education

School feeding programs (SFPs) have increasingly received a considerable attention as instruments for improving students‟ academic and nutritional developments in rural community secondary schools. This demands the programs to have certain qualities to be able to achieve their intended goals and objectives. Amongst these is sustainability to guarantee students in the schools with food in regular bases conditional on school attendance and the programs‟ contributions. Many studies have been conducted on SFPs in Tanzania but not in Lindi region and the Nachingwea district in particular. This is different with culture which has been extensively examined in the area. However, these …

Investigating Provision Of Feedback By Chemistry Teachers In Facilitating Learning In Classroom Interaction: A Case Of Rural Secondary School In North – Western Uganda, Moro Moses

Master of Education

Learners’ responses in the classroom offer avenues for teachers to intervene in form of feedback. They convey a lot of desirable knowledge yet sometimes contrary to the established scientific concepts in chemistry. Teachers in a way to derived meaning out these responses use various assessment strategies so as to harmonize these differences in concepts. The study investigated provision of feedback by chemistry teachers in classroom interaction at lower secondary (S.1 and S.3) classes in a government grant aided mixed secondary school in North – Western Uganda, Koboko District. The study in particular sought to understand the types of feedback provided …

The Role Of Teacher Mentoring In Enhancing Teaching Practices Of Beginning Teachers In Selected School In Kotido District, Uganda, Achayo Susan

Master of Education

The mentoring support beginning teachers experience during their early years in the teaching profession, play key role in enhancing the beginning teachers’ teaching practices. The transition beginning teachers’ experiences from student teacher to established teacher often fill them with challenges as well as positive experiences. This study explored the role of teacher mentoring in enhancing teaching practice of beginning teachers in the primary schools in Uganda. A qualitative research approach and phenomenological design were used to explore how teacher mentoring practice in primary schools enhances teaching practices of beginning teachers as well as the factors that facilitate and affect teacher …

Exploration Of Mathematics Tutors’ Provision Of Formative Feedback To Student Teachers: Case Of A Government Teachers’ College In Tanzania, Wambura Marwa

Master of Education

Formative feedback plays a vital role on improving students’ learning abilities and modifying learning behaviours. Teacher education programme must provide an opportunity to the teachers to recognize the significance of formative feedback and incorporate it in their practice (Heritage, 2007). In this sense tutors in teachers in pre service teacher education are professionals who could ensure that student teachers develop relevant knowledge and skills in relation to formative feedback. This study aimed at exploring if and how mathematics tutors provide formative feedback to student teachers in one government teachers college in Tanzania. Four data collection methods were employed; interviews, observation, …

The Effect Of Teachers’ Qualification On Children’S Learning Outcome In Early Childhood Education In Northern Uganda, Brenda Apeta

Master of Education

This study examined the effect of teachers’ qualification on the children’s learning outcome in nursery schools in Northern Uganda. Twenty lessons were observed from five teachers in two rural nursery schools. The findings indicated that three of the teachers were of low qualifications while the remaining two had no qualifications in ECD. The teachers’ low qualification or the lack of it, affected children’s learning outcome in such a way that the untrained teachers to a greater extent used classroom practices that encouraged rote learning as compared to the qualified teachers. The teachers’ perception on how their qualification shaped their classroom …

Student Leadership Preparation In Secondary Schools: A Case Study In Siaya County, Kenya, Leonard Onyango Wambiya

Master of Education

Preparation of student leaders for their roles has been found to be important for effective linkage of the student population with staff and administration as a way of incorporating ‘student voice’ in secondary school administration. This study was prompted by the persistent violent student unrests in secondary schools in Kenya, which have been blamed on lack of student involvement in school governance. It is argued that leadership can be learnt and that specific strategies can be used by individuals and groups to enhance the leadership skills of student leaders for them to participate effectively in leadership in schools. Using qualitative …

Pre-School Teachers’ Perceptions Of Children’S Prior Knowledge And Its Practice In Teaching And Learning: A Comparative Case Study Of 2 Pre-Schools In Dar Es Salaam, Natasha Kassam

Master of Education

Research has pointed out the importance of connections between new learning and children’s existing experiences, whereby through these connections children are better able to relate to concepts and enhance deeper, meaningful and lasting learning outcomes. It has also been shown that teachers’ are key facilitators in the school domain with regard to both practices and events that ultimately has an impact on students learning. In line with these propositions this study investigated pre-school teacher’s perceptions of children’s prior knowledge and its practice in Teaching and learning which compared a public and private pre- school in urban Dar es Salaam. It …

An Exploration Of The Implementation Of Continuous Assessment In Mathemetics Education At Primary Teachers’ Colleges In Uganda, Kirabo Esther

Master of Education

Improvement in the teaching and learning process for the benefit of both teachers and students is always at the centre of continuous assessment. It therefore follows from this view that continuous assessment in particular has been hailed to de-emphasize the hitherto terminal assessment because of various advantages it has over terminal assessment (Brown, 2004; Webb & Jones, 2009). This study was designed to explore the progress of the implementation of continuous assessment in mathematics education at Primary Teachers’ Colleges in Uganda, a component explicitly introduced in the curriculum and assessment since 2012. The study was conducted in a public Primary …

Computer Simulation For Teaching The Structure Of Atoms And Periodic Table In Secondary Schools In Kenya: An Action Research, Ondoro Julius Okomo

Master of Education

Student engagement with learning is beneficial in improving conceptual understanding in chemistry. However, teaching and learning chemistry in Kenya reveals inadequate opportunity for secondary students to amply engage with learning. Traditional, teacher-centered, pedagogy is cited as the main cause of learner disengagement with abstract concepts in chemistry. This action research studied how Computer Simulation (CS) can be used to enhance teaching and learning the structure atoms and periodic table in secondary schools in Kenya through meaningful learner engagement. The study is guided by the question: How can I learn to teach the atomic structure of elements and periodic table using …

Application Of Multimodal Pedagogical Approach In Developing Literacy At Lower Primary: Action Research, Nampeera Lydia Victoria

Master of Education

Literacy development at lower primary demands diversity in communication if learners are to successfully navigate its landscape. In this study, we sought to understand how multimodal pedagogy can be applied at lower primary for literacy development in Uganda and the benefits and challenges involved in using the pedagogy. To support the study a review of literature on the value and challenge of, as well as studies related to, multimodal leaning, literacy development, classroom practices and communication in Uganda and the sub Saharan Africa as a whole was done. The methodology that informed the study was a qualitative participatory action research …

The Impact Of Distributed Leadership On Tutor, Administrator Relationship In Primary Teachers College In West Nile Region In Uganda, Odua Peter

Master of Education

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of distributed leadership on tutor administrator relationship in Primary teachers college in West Nile region in Uganda. Distributed leadership is widely accepted as a way of improving Public leadership in the institutions of learning. Studies revealed that distributed leadership influence Tutor administrator relationship in Primary teachers colleges. The research used qualitative approach involving 10 participants in the study focusing on Primary teacher’s college staff where distributed leadership is practiced. The findings of the outcome revealed that, positive relationship existed between the Tutors and the administrators who practice distributed leadership and …

Investigating How Assessment Contributes To Learning During English Language Lessons In A Secondary School In Kenya, Diana Ongayo Amunga

Master of Education

In Kenya, there are high stakes national examinations. As a result, these examinations greatly impact content, methods and even strategies used in school. This has resulted into a situation where, instead of assessment supporting learning , the assessment activities end up interfering with learning, as stakeholders strive to better learner achievement, in the process overlooking lifelong learning which is the goal of the curriculum. The pedagogical shift from the teaching to the learning culture has to some extend impacted teachers' classroom activities, with learners' voice being allowed in learning activities. However, educators continue to take full charge of assessment activities …

Analysis Of Factors That Influence The Implementation Of Work Plans In Primary Schools In Uganda., Ochwo Jawacho David

Master of Education

Planning essentially involves dealing with aims and objectives, selecting correct strategies and programs to achieve the aims, determining and allocating the required resources and to ensure that plans are communicated to all concerned. When school’s plans are known to each member, it is highly likely that school effectiveness will be achieved. School effectiveness is concerned with the provision of enhancing conditions at school level which involves all contextual variables related with school such as; teaching, learning, administration, pupils’ motivation and community involvement that could all be scheduled in school work plan. Work plan is a major tool used for guiding …

To Explore How Science Teachers Use Practical Activities In A Lesson: A Case Of A Community Based Secondary School In Western Tanzania, Madinda Mlimandoke

Master of Education

The research study was conducted to explore how teachers in a community-based secondary school in Kigoma region used practical activities in a science lesson. The qualitative case study design used to study a single community school namely Tudigite (pseudo name) by involving 3 science teachers (who were teaching physics, chemistry and biology in form one by that time of data collection) and 12 students (6 girls and 6 boys) from the 3 form 1 streams. Purposive sampling was employed to select the 3 science teachers while stratifies random sampling used to get the 12 students from form 1 streams. Data …

Perceptions Of The Use Of Indigenous Languages Pedagogy To Facilitate Citizenship Education In Multicultural Countries, Bagegulira Faizal

Master of Education

The purpose of the study was to gain an understanding teachers’ perception and interpretations of the tensions generated by their role as teachers an indigenous language as an independent subject for the facilitation of an embedded citizenship education curriculum. Guided by the socio-cultural language-learning theory, the naturalistic qualitative case study was undertaken to discover how teachers of indigenous languages as subjects that emphasize both the language and culture of their particular ethnic communities in a multicultural Uganda, perceive their citizenship education obligations. The findings revealed that there is either rarely taught, or poorly taught or not taught at all. Teachers …

Investigating Teachers Practices On The Use Of Audio Visual Aids In Teaching Of English Language In A Public Secondary School In Tanga Municipality, Magnus Hyera

Master of Education

The use of audio visual aids in teaching of English language in secondary schools should be understood as necessary aids that has an impact on students’ learning. Audio visual aids are well understood as rich sources for teaching English language. However, the role of the teacher in using these resources needs not to be emphasized. The study sought to investigate teachers’ practices on the use of audio visual aids in teaching of English language in public secondary school in Tanga municipality. Case study design was used to investigate the phenomenon. The sample of the study consisted of two teachers and …

To Explore How Physics Teachers Use Instructional Materials In Teaching And Learning Of Physics In Secondary Schools: A Case Of One Secondary School In Taita Sub County, Kenya., Jackson Mwikamba Mwawongo

Master of Education

It is the desire any educator to help students meet their fullest potential by providing an environment that supports students to exercise independence of thought and encourage sharing of ideas. When the teacher acts as a guide, providing access to information rather than acting as the primary source of information, the students’ search for knowledge is met as they learn to construct knowledge for themselves and practice skills through hands on activities that reinforce the lesson being studied. Instructional materials help students in enhancing retention, stimulating and sustaining interest in learning by providing firsthand experience with realities of the physical …

The Role Of Schools In Promoting A Reading Habit Among The Lower Secondary School Students In A Town Council In Northwestern Uganda, Zubair Data Ismail

Master of Education

Many studies have reported that recreational reading among students, that is, the habit of reading beyond the academic demands leads to development of language skills necessary for improving educational outcomes essential for national development. This study was designed to establish the extent to which students were involved in recreational reading, the level of support the schools were giving to them, challenges faced in doing that, as well as suggested solutions to address the challenges. Two government schools were chosen for this study on the role of schools in promoting a reading habit among the lower secondary school students in a …

The Role Of Hearing Aids In The Development Of Spoken Language Of The Hearing Impaired Students: A Case Study Of Deaf Learners In A Special School In Nyeri County-Kenya, Oscar Gichimu Mwangi

Master of Education

The aim of this study was to investigate how hearing aids help the hearing impaired learners develop speech. The study was carried out in Kenya in a special integrated secondary school for the Hearing Impaired in Nyeri County. The research participants were high school students purposively selected based on the duration of using the HA. The school was chosen purposively as it was a public school for the HI and the hearing. The objectives of the study were: to enumerate the role of the HA in spoken language development, understand the impact of the speech in social interaction among the …

The Experiment Must Continue: Medical Research And Ethics In East Africa, 1940–2014, Melissa Graboyes

Ohio University Press Open Access Books

The Experiment Must Continue is a beautifully articulated ethnographic history of medical experimentation in East Africa from 1940 through 2014. In it, Melissa Graboyes combines her training in public health and in history to treat her subject with the dual sensitivities of a medical ethicist and a fine historian. She breathes life into the fascinating histories of research on human subjects, elucidating the hopes of the interventionists and the experiences of the putative beneficiaries.

Historical case studies highlight failed attempts to eliminate tropical diseases, while modern examples delve into ongoing malaria and HIV/AIDS research. Collectively, these show how East Africans …

The Role Of Quality Health Services And Discussion About Birth Spacing In Postpartum Contraceptive Use In Sindh, Pakistan: A Multilevel Analysis, Hannah Tappis, Anis Kazi, Waqas Hameed, Zaib Dahar, Anayat Ali, Sohail Agha

Community Health Sciences

Introduction: Rapid population growth, stagnant contraceptive prevalence, and high unmet need for family planning present significant challenges for meeting Pakistan's national and international development goals. Although health behaviors are shaped by multiple social and environmental factors, research on contraceptive uptake in Pakistan has focused on individual and household determinants, and little attention has been given to community characteristics that may affect access to services and reproductive behavior.
Methods: Individual and community determinants of contraceptive use were identified using multivariable multilevel logistic regression to analyze data from a 2014 cross-sectional survey of 6,200 mothers in 503 communities in Sindh, Pakistan.
Results: …

Spectator 2015-10-07, Editors Of The Spectator

The Spectator

No abstract provided.

Fish & Wildlife News: Fall 2015

Fish and Wildlife News

Fish & Wildlife News looks at conservation in cities.

Overview Of Early Childhood Education In China, India, Ethiopia, And Tanzania., Judit Szente, X. Christine Wang, Belete Mebratu, Fortidas Bakuza

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

This paper introduces the status of early childhood education in China, India, Ethiopia, and Tanzania over the past 25 years while sharing crucial new policies targeting early childhood (EC) education and EC teacher education. The paper targets four main areas such as :

1) opportunities for quality pre- and in-service training of EC teachers;

2) distribution/availability of quality EC teachers;

3) perceived status of EC teachers; and

4) financial support for EC education in each country.

Conclusions and recommendations for the Post-2015 area are also provided.

Fear, Blame And Transparency: Obstetric Caregivers' Rationales For High Caesarean Section Rates In A Low-Resource Setting, Helena Litorp, Andrew Mgaya, Columba Mbekenga, Hussein L. Kidanto, Sara Johnsdotter, Birgitta Essén

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

In recent decades, there has been growing attention to the overuse of caesarean section (CS) globally. In light of a high CS rate at a university hospital in Tanzania, we aimed to explore obstetric caregivers' rationales for their hospital's CS rate to identify factors that might cause CS overuse. After participant observations, we performed 22 semi-structured individual in-depth interviews and 2 focus group discussions with 5–6 caregivers in each. Respondents were consultants, specialists, residents, and midwives. The study relied on a framework of naturalistic inquiry and we analyzed data using thematic analysis. As a conceptual framework, we situated our findings …

Gizenga, Dabu, Msrc Staff

Manuscript Division Finding Aids

The Dabu Gizenga*collection on Kwame Nkrumah spans the time period of 1939-1974. The collection measures approximately 13½ linear feet. The collection contains newsclippings, journal articles and documents, printed materials, tape recorded interviews, photographs, and artifacts. The Moorland-Spingarn Research Center acquired the Dabu Gizenga collection by bequest of Gizenga's (Jesse A. Dixon's) will, in 1980.

Moorland, Jesse Edward, Msrc Staff

Manuscript Division Finding Aids

Author: Moorland, Jesse Edward, 1863-1940 (See Finding Aid)

Title: Papers, 1790-1940 Description: 40 linear ft.

Notes: Afro-American executive of the YMCA, trustee of Howard University, minister, and collector of books relating to Afro-Americans. Family and personal papers; general correspondence; speeches; photographs; and correspondence, clippings, printed materials, reports, and minutes relating to various organizations with which Moorland was affiliated, particularly the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, Howard University, the Moorland Foundation, the Nazarene Congregation Church in Brooklyn, NY, the United War Work Campaign, the YMCA, the YMCA Colored Men's Department, the YMCA International Committee, and the …