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2015

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Articles 17881 - 17910 of 27592

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Endophyte Growth On Two Species Of Conifers On The Shawangunk Ridge, Mid-Hudson Valley, New York, Hannah Valeruz, Michelle Hersh, Issa Friedlander, Cassidy Bernstein, Beryl Kahn, Howard R. Feldman Jan 2015

Endophyte Growth On Two Species Of Conifers On The Shawangunk Ridge, Mid-Hudson Valley, New York, Hannah Valeruz, Michelle Hersh, Issa Friedlander, Cassidy Bernstein, Beryl Kahn, Howard R. Feldman

Lander College for Women - The Anna Ruth and Mark Hasten School Publications and Research

The Middle Silurian Shawangunk Formation is underlain by the Upper Ordovician Martinsburg Formation in the mid-Hudson Valley. The Shawangunk Ridge is composed of a very resistant quartz pebble conglomerate whereas the Martinsburg consists of less resistant shales and graywackes. Endophytes are fungi growing asymptomatically in plant tissues that are thought to act as a support system for the plant, protecting against desiccation and pathogens. We compared the diversity of endophytes colonizing two species of conifers, Pinus strobus and Tsuga canadensis, on two different substrates, conglomerate and shale. We hypothesized that there would be a marked difference in diversity between …

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Teaching Paleobiology To Children With Autism, Howard R. Feldman, Dina Beck Jan 2015

Teaching Paleobiology To Children With Autism, Howard R. Feldman, Dina Beck

Lander College for Women - The Anna Ruth and Mark Hasten School Publications and Research

We describe the importance of using research-based instruction in science education, especially in regard to children with autism spectrum disorder. This study details various methods to address the needs and develop the strengths of children with autism through the science curriculum. We discuss methods to minimize the anxiety of individuals with autism. Our focus is on how the social, emotional, and general life skills of autistic students can be enhanced through the use of the science curriculum. Science, specifically paleobiology, can be used as a bridge to help children with autism better connect with, interact with, and understand their immediate …

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How Does The Brain Implement Adaptive Decision Making To Eat?, Valérie Compan, B. Timothy Walsh, Walter Kaye, Allan Geliebter Jan 2015

How Does The Brain Implement Adaptive Decision Making To Eat?, Valérie Compan, B. Timothy Walsh, Walter Kaye, Allan Geliebter

Lander College of Arts and Sciences Publications and Research

Adaptive decision making to eat is crucial for survival, but in anorexia nervosa, the brain persistently supports reduced food intake despite a growing need for energy. How the brain persists in reducing food intake, sometimes even to the point of death and despite the evolution of multiple mechanisms to ensure survival by governing adaptive eating behaviors, remains mysterious. Neural substrates belong to the reward-habit system, which could differ among the eating disorders. The present review provides an overview of neural circuitry of restrictive food choice, binge eating, and the contribution of specific serotonin receptors. One possibility is that restrictive food …

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North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (Napls 2) The Prodromal Symptoms, J. Addington, L. Liu, L. Buchy, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, B. A. Cornblatt, D. O. Perkins, C. E. Bearden, D. H. Mathalon, T. H. Mcglashan, +4 Additional Authors Jan 2015

North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (Napls 2) The Prodromal Symptoms, J. Addington, L. Liu, L. Buchy, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, B. A. Cornblatt, D. O. Perkins, C. E. Bearden, D. H. Mathalon, T. H. Mcglashan, +4 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

In studies describing the long-term follow-up up of youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis, little attention has been given to details of specific prodromal symptoms. In this paper, we describe the prodromal symptoms of 764 CHR participants recruited in the multi-site North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS). Symptoms were rated on the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) at baseline and 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month follow-ups. Clinical outcome at the 2-year assessment was categorized as psychotic, prodromal progression, symptomatic or in remission. Most of the CHR sample (92%) met criteria for the attenuated positive symptoms syndrome (APSS). Significant …

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Association Of Thalamic Dysconnectivity And Conversion To Psychosis In Youth And Young Adults At Elevated Clinical Risk, A. Anticevic, K. Haut, J. D. Murray, G. Repovs, B. Goodyear, K. S. Cadenhead, H. Mirzakhanian, B. A. Cornblatt, D. Olvet, T. D. Cannon, +16 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Association Of Thalamic Dysconnectivity And Conversion To Psychosis In Youth And Young Adults At Elevated Clinical Risk, A. Anticevic, K. Haut, J. D. Murray, G. Repovs, B. Goodyear, K. S. Cadenhead, H. Mirzakhanian, B. A. Cornblatt, D. Olvet, T. D. Cannon, +16 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

IMPORTANCE: Severe neuropsychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, affect distributed neural computations. One candidate system profoundly altered in chronic schizophrenia involves the thalamocortical networks. It is widely acknowledged that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that likely affects the brain before onset of clinical symptoms. However, no investigation has tested whether thalamocortical connectivity is altered in individuals at risk for psychosis or whether this pattern is more severe in individuals who later develop full-blown illness. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether baseline thalamocortical connectivity differs between individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis and healthy controls, whether this pattern is more severe in those …

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Perfectionism Related To Self-Reported Insomnia Severity, But Not When Controlled For Stress And Emotion Regulation, S. Brand, R. Kirov, N. Kalak, M. Gerber, U. Puhse, S. Lemola, Christoph Correll, S. Cortese, T. Meyer, E. Holsboer-Trachsler Jan 2015

Perfectionism Related To Self-Reported Insomnia Severity, But Not When Controlled For Stress And Emotion Regulation, S. Brand, R. Kirov, N. Kalak, M. Gerber, U. Puhse, S. Lemola, Christoph Correll, S. Cortese, T. Meyer, E. Holsboer-Trachsler

Journal Articles

Background: Perfectionism is understood as a set of personality traits such as unrealistically high and rigid standards for performance, fear of failure, and excessive self-criticism. Previous studies showed a direct association between increased perfectionism and poor sleep, though without taking into account possible mediating factors. Here, we tested the hypothesis that perfectionism was directly associated with poor sleep, and that this association collapsed, if mediating factors such as stress and poor emotion regulation were taken into account. Methods: Three hundred and forty six young adult students (M=23.87 years) completed questionnaires relating to perfectionism traits, sleep, and psychological functioning such as …

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Abnormal Movements In First-Episode, Nonaffective Psychosis: Dyskinesias, Stereotypies, And Catatonic-Like Signs, M. T. Compton, F. Fantes, C. R. Wan, S. Johnson, E. F. Walker Jan 2015

Abnormal Movements In First-Episode, Nonaffective Psychosis: Dyskinesias, Stereotypies, And Catatonic-Like Signs, M. T. Compton, F. Fantes, C. R. Wan, S. Johnson, E. F. Walker

Journal Articles

Motor abnormalities represent a neurobehavioral domain of signs intrinsic to schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, though they are commonly attributed to medication side effects and remain understudied. Individuals with first-episode psychosis represent an ideal group to study innate movement disorders due to minimal prior antipsychotic exposure. We measured dyskinesias, stereotypies, and catatonic-like signs and examined their associations with: (1) age at onset of psychotic symptoms and duration of untreated psychosis; (2) positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms; (3) neurocognition; and (4) neurological soft signs. Among 47 predominantly African American first-episode psychosis patients in a public-sector hospital, the presence and severity of dyskinesias, stereotypies, and …

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Memory Systems In Schizophrenia: Modularity Is Preserved But Deficits Are Generalized, K. M. Haut, K. H. Karlsgodt, R. M. Bilder, E. Congdon, N. B. Freimer, E. D. London, F. W. Sabb, J. Ventura, T. D. Cannon Jan 2015

Memory Systems In Schizophrenia: Modularity Is Preserved But Deficits Are Generalized, K. M. Haut, K. H. Karlsgodt, R. M. Bilder, E. Congdon, N. B. Freimer, E. D. London, F. W. Sabb, J. Ventura, T. D. Cannon

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia patients exhibit impaired working and episodic memory, but this may represent generalized impairment across memory modalities or performance deficits restricted to particular memory systems in subgroups of patients. Furthermore, it is unclear whether deficits are unique from those associated with other disorders. METHOD: Healthy controls (n=1101) and patients with schizophrenia (n=58), bipolar disorder (n=49) and attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder (n=46) performed 18 tasks addressing primarily verbal and spatial episodic and working memory. Effect sizes for group contrasts were compared across tasks and the consistency of subjects' distributional positions across memory domains was measured. RESULTS: Schizophrenia patients performed poorly relative to the …

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Genome-Wide Autozygosity Is Associated With Lower General Cognitive Ability, D. P. Howrigan, M. A. Simonson, G. Davies, S. E. Harris, A. Tenesa, J. M. Starr, D. C. Liewald, D. I. Boomsma, P. Derosse, M. C. Keller, +37 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Genome-Wide Autozygosity Is Associated With Lower General Cognitive Ability, D. P. Howrigan, M. A. Simonson, G. Davies, S. E. Harris, A. Tenesa, J. M. Starr, D. C. Liewald, D. I. Boomsma, P. Derosse, M. C. Keller, +37 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Inbreeding depression refers to lower fitness among offspring of genetic relatives. This reduced fitness is caused by the inheritance of two identical chromosomal segments (autozygosity) across the genome, which may expose the effects of (partially) recessive deleterious mutations. Even among outbred populations, autozygosity can occur to varying degrees due to cryptic relatedness between parents. Using dense genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, we examined the degree to which autozygosity associated with measured cognitive ability in an unselected sample of 4854 participants of European ancestry. We used runs of homozygosity-multiple homozygous SNPs in a row-to estimate autozygous tracts across the genome. We …

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New Data And An Old Puzzle: The Negative Association Between Schizophrenia And Rheumatoid Arthritis, S. H. Lee, T. Lencz, A. K. Malhotra, H. Medeiros, V. Milanova, J. Shi, P. Sklar, P. K. Gregersen, M. Van Laar, P. Van Riel, +134 Additional Authors Jan 2015

New Data And An Old Puzzle: The Negative Association Between Schizophrenia And Rheumatoid Arthritis, S. H. Lee, T. Lencz, A. K. Malhotra, H. Medeiros, V. Milanova, J. Shi, P. Sklar, P. K. Gregersen, M. Van Laar, P. Van Riel, +134 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: A long-standing epidemiological puzzle is the reduced rate of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in those with schizophrenia (SZ) and vice versa. Traditional epidemiological approaches to determine if this negative association is underpinned by genetic factors would test for reduced rates of one disorder in relatives of the other, but sufficiently powered data sets are difficult to achieve. The genomics era presents an alternative paradigm for investigating the genetic relationship between two uncommon disorders. METHODS: We use genome-wide common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from independently collected SZ and RA case-control cohorts to estimate the SNP correlation between the disorders. We …

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Targeting The Schizophrenia Genome: A Fast Track Strategy From Gwas To Clinic, T. Lencz, A. K. Malhotra Jan 2015

Targeting The Schizophrenia Genome: A Fast Track Strategy From Gwas To Clinic, T. Lencz, A. K. Malhotra

Journal Articles

The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium-Schizophrenia Workgroup (PGC-SCZ) has recently published a genomewide association study (GWAS) identifying > 100 genetic loci, encompassing a total of 341 protein-coding genes, attaining genomewide significance for susceptibility to schizophrenia. Given the extremely long time (12-15 years) and expense (>$1 billion) associated with the development of novel drug targets, repurposing of drugs with known and validated targets may be the most expeditious path toward deriving clinical utility from these GWAS findings. In the present study, we examined all genes within loci implicated by the PGC-SCZ GWAS against databases of targets of both approved and registered pharmaceutical compounds. …

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Prognostic Role And Implications Of Mutation Status Of Tumor Suppressor Gene Arid1a In Cancer: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, C. Luchini, N. Veronese, M. Solmi, H. Cho, J. H. Kim, S. Kyo, S. Y. Lee, D. W. Kim, G. M. Yousef, C. U. Correll, +22 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Prognostic Role And Implications Of Mutation Status Of Tumor Suppressor Gene Arid1a In Cancer: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, C. Luchini, N. Veronese, M. Solmi, H. Cho, J. H. Kim, S. Kyo, S. Y. Lee, D. W. Kim, G. M. Yousef, C. U. Correll, +22 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Loss of the tumor suppressor gene AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) has been demonstrated in several cancers, but its prognostic role is unknown. We aimed to investigate the risk associated with loss of ARID1A (ARID1A-) for all-cause mortality, cancer-specific mortality and recurrence of disease in subjects with cancer. PubMed and SCOPUS search from database inception until 01/31/2015 without language restriction was conducted, contacting authors for unpublished data. Eligible were prospective studies reporting data on prognostic parameters in subjects with cancer, comparing participants with presence of ARID1A (ARID1A+) vs. ARID1A-, assessed either via immunohistochemistry (loss of expression) or with genetic …

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The Navigate Program For First-Episode Psychosis: Rationale, Overview, And Description Of Psychosocial Components, K. T. Mueser, D. L. Penn, P. Meyer-Kalos, S. R. Mcgurk, C. Cather, S. Saade, D. G. Robinson, N. R. Schooler, R. A. Rosenheck, J. M. Kane, +6 Additional Authors Jan 2015

The Navigate Program For First-Episode Psychosis: Rationale, Overview, And Description Of Psychosocial Components, K. T. Mueser, D. L. Penn, P. Meyer-Kalos, S. R. Mcgurk, C. Cather, S. Saade, D. G. Robinson, N. R. Schooler, R. A. Rosenheck, J. M. Kane, +6 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Comprehensive coordinated specialty care programs for first-episode psychosis have been widely implemented in other countries but not in the United States. The National Institute of Mental Health's Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode (RAISE) initiative focused on the development and evaluation of first-episode treatment programs designed for the U.S. health care system. This article describes the background, rationale, and nature of the intervention developed by the RAISE Early Treatment Program project-known as the NAVIGATE program-with a particular focus on its psychosocial components. NAVIGATE is a team-based, multicomponent treatment program designed to be implemented in routine mental health treatment settings and …

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Psychiatric Genome-Wide Association Study Analyses Implicate Neuronal, Immune And Histone Pathways, C. O'Dushlaine, C. Betancur, S. Herms, R. Krasucki, M. Leboyer, D. H. Ledbetter, T. Lencz, A. K. Malhotra, J. W. Smoller, P. A. Holmans, +365 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Psychiatric Genome-Wide Association Study Analyses Implicate Neuronal, Immune And Histone Pathways, C. O'Dushlaine, C. Betancur, S. Herms, R. Krasucki, M. Leboyer, D. H. Ledbetter, T. Lencz, A. K. Malhotra, J. W. Smoller, P. A. Holmans, +365 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of psychiatric disorders have identified multiple genetic associations with such disorders, but better methods are needed to derive the underlying biological mechanisms that these signals indicate. We sought to identify biological pathways in GWAS data from over 60,000 participants from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We developed an analysis framework to rank pathways that requires only summary statistics. We combined this score across disorders to find common pathways across three adult psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia, major depression and bipolar disorder. Histone methylation processes showed the strongest association, and we also found statistically significant evidence for associations with multiple …

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Severity Of Thought Disorder Predicts Psychosis In Persons At Clinical High-Risk, D. O. Perkins, C. D. Jeffries, B. A. Cornblatt, S. W. Woods, J. Addington, D. H. Mathalon, L. J. Seidman, M. T. Tsuang, E. F. Walker, T. H. Mcglashan, +4 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Severity Of Thought Disorder Predicts Psychosis In Persons At Clinical High-Risk, D. O. Perkins, C. D. Jeffries, B. A. Cornblatt, S. W. Woods, J. Addington, D. H. Mathalon, L. J. Seidman, M. T. Tsuang, E. F. Walker, T. H. Mcglashan, +4 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Improving predictive accuracy is of paramount importance for early detection and prevention of psychosis. We sought a symptom severity classifier that would improve psychosis risk prediction. METHODS: Subjects were from two cohorts of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study. All subjects met Criteria of Psychosis-Risk States. In Cohort-1 (n=296) we developed a classifier that included those items of the Scale of Psychosis-Risk Symptoms that best distinguished subjects who converted to psychosis from nonconverters, with performance initially validated by randomization tests in Cohort-1. Cohort-2 (n=592) served as an independent test set. RESULTS: We derived 2-Item and 4-Item subscales. Both included …

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Iqgap1 Regulates Actin Cytoskeleton Organization In Podocytes Through Interaction With Nephrin, Y. P. Liu, W. Liang, Y. J. Yang, Y. B. Pan, Q. Yang, X. H. Chen, P. C. Singhal, G. H. Ding Jan 2015

Iqgap1 Regulates Actin Cytoskeleton Organization In Podocytes Through Interaction With Nephrin, Y. P. Liu, W. Liang, Y. J. Yang, Y. B. Pan, Q. Yang, X. H. Chen, P. C. Singhal, G. H. Ding

Journal Articles

Increasing data has shown that the cytoskeletal reorganization of podocytes is involved in the onset of proteinuria and the progression of glomerular disease. Nephrin behaves as a signal sensor of the slit diaphragm to transmit cytoskeletal signals to maintain the unique structure of podocytes. However, the nephrin signaling cascade deserves further study. IQGAP1 is a scaffolding protein with the ability to regulate cytoskeletal organization. It is hypothesized that IQGAP1 contributes to actin reorganization in podocytes through interaction with nephrin. IQGAP1 expression and IQGAP1-nephrin colocalization in glomeruli were progressively decreased and then gradually recovered in line with the development of foot …

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Body Mass Index, Pam50 Subtype, And Outcomes In Node-Positive Breast Cancer: Calgb 9741 (Alliance), J. A. Ligibel, C. T. Cirrincione, M. Liu, M. Citron, J. N. Ingle, W. Gradishar, S. Martino, W. Sikov, R. Michaelson, W. T. Barry, +6 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Body Mass Index, Pam50 Subtype, And Outcomes In Node-Positive Breast Cancer: Calgb 9741 (Alliance), J. A. Ligibel, C. T. Cirrincione, M. Liu, M. Citron, J. N. Ingle, W. Gradishar, S. Martino, W. Sikov, R. Michaelson, W. T. Barry, +6 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Obesity at diagnosis is associated with poor prognosis in women with breast cancer, but few reports have been adjusted for treatment factors. METHODS: CALGB 9741 was a randomized trial of dose density and sequence of chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer. All patients received doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and paclitaxel, dosed by actual body weight. Height and weight at diagnosis were abstracted from patient records, and the PAM50 assay was performed from archived specimens using the NanoString platform. Relationships between body mass index (BMI), PAM50, and recurrence-free and overall survival (RFS and OS) were evaluated using proportional hazards regression, adjusting for number …

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Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells In Pediatric Septic Shock, S. L. Weiss, M. A. Selak, F. Tuluc, J. Perales Villarroel, V. M. Nadkarni, C. S. Deutschman, L. B. Becker Jan 2015

Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells In Pediatric Septic Shock, S. L. Weiss, M. A. Selak, F. Tuluc, J. Perales Villarroel, V. M. Nadkarni, C. S. Deutschman, L. B. Becker

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVES: Mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been linked to immune dysregulation and organ failure in adult sepsis, but pediatric data are limited. We hypothesized that pediatric septic shock patients exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction within peripheral blood mononuclear cells which in turn correlates with global organ injury. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Academic PICU. PATIENTS: Thirteen pediatric patients with septic shock and greater than or equal to two organ failures and 11 PICU controls without sepsis or organ failure. INTERVENTIONS: Ex vivo measurements of mitochondrial oxygen consumption and membrane potential (DeltaPsim) were performed in intact peripheral blood mononuclear cells …

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Population Pharmacokinetics Of Darbepoetin Alfa In Conjunction With Hypothermia For The Treatment Of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy, J. K. Roberts, C. Stockmann, R. M. Ward, J. Beachy, M. C. Baserga, M. G. Spigarelli, C. M. Sherwin Jan 2015

Population Pharmacokinetics Of Darbepoetin Alfa In Conjunction With Hypothermia For The Treatment Of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy, J. K. Roberts, C. Stockmann, R. M. Ward, J. Beachy, M. C. Baserga, M. G. Spigarelli, C. M. Sherwin

Journal Articles

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the population pharmacokinetics of darbepoetin alfa in hypothermic neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia. METHODS: Neonates >/=36 weeks gestation andrandomized, multicenter, investigational, new drug pharmacokinetic study. Two intravenous darbepoetin alfa treatment groups were evaluated: 2 and 10 microg/kg. Serum erythropoietin concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Monolix 4.3.1 was used to estimate darbepoetin alfa clearance and volume of distribution. Covariates tested included: birthweight, gestational age, postnatal age, postmenstrual age, sex, Sarnat score, and study site. RESULTS: Darbepoetin alfa pharmacokinetics were well described by a one-compartment model with exponential …

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Use Of Serogroup B Meningococcal Vaccines In Adolescents And Young Adults: Recommendations Of The Advisory Committee On Immunization Practices, 2015, J. R. Macneil, L. Rubin, T. Folaranmi, I. R. Ortega-Sanchez, M. Patel, S. W. Martin Jan 2015

Use Of Serogroup B Meningococcal Vaccines In Adolescents And Young Adults: Recommendations Of The Advisory Committee On Immunization Practices, 2015, J. R. Macneil, L. Rubin, T. Folaranmi, I. R. Ortega-Sanchez, M. Patel, S. W. Martin

Journal Articles

At its June 2015 meeting, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended that adolescents and young adults aged 16-23 years may be vaccinated with a serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) vaccine to provide short-term protection against most strains of serogroup B meningococcal disease. This report summarizes the deliberations of ACIP, the rationale for its decision, and recommendations for use of MenB vaccines in adolescents and young adults. Two MenB vaccines have recently been licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the United States and approved for use in persons aged 10-25 years: MenB-FHbp (Trumenba, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, …

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Neutralizing Antibodies Against West Nile Virus Identified Directly From Human B Cells By Single-Cell Analysis And Next Generation Sequencing, K. Tsioris, N. T. Gupta, A. O. Ogunniyi, R. M. Zimnisky, F. Qian, Y. Yao, X. Wang, J. N. Stern, R. Chari, J. C. Love, +8 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Neutralizing Antibodies Against West Nile Virus Identified Directly From Human B Cells By Single-Cell Analysis And Next Generation Sequencing, K. Tsioris, N. T. Gupta, A. O. Ogunniyi, R. M. Zimnisky, F. Qian, Y. Yao, X. Wang, J. N. Stern, R. Chari, J. C. Love, +8 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

West Nile virus (WNV) infection is an emerging mosquito-borne disease that can lead to severe neurological illness and currently has no available treatment or vaccine. Using microengraving, an integrated single-cell analysis method, we analyzed a cohort of subjects infected with WNV - recently infected and post-convalescent subjects - and efficiently identified four novel WNV neutralizing antibodies. We also assessed the humoral response to WNV on a single-cell and repertoire level by integrating next generation sequencing (NGS) into our analysis. The results from single-cell analysis indicate persistence of WNV-specific memory B cells and antibody-secreting cells in post-convalescent subjects. These cells exhibited …

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Coping With Congenital Hand Differences, L. E. Franzblau, K. C. Chung, N. Carlozzi, A. Y. T. Chin, K. W. Nellans, J. F. Waljee Jan 2015

Coping With Congenital Hand Differences, L. E. Franzblau, K. C. Chung, N. Carlozzi, A. Y. T. Chin, K. W. Nellans, J. F. Waljee

Journal Articles

Background: Although functional outcomes following reconstruction for congenital hand differences are frequently described, much less is known regarding children's ability to cope with the psychosocial effects of these conditions. The authors qualitatively explored stress and coping mechanisms among children following reconstructive surgery for congenital hand differences. Methods: Forty patients and their parents participated in semistructured interviews examining children's stress related to hand functioning and appearance, emotional responses to stress, and coping strategies. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed thematically. A consensus taxonomy for classifying content evolved from comparisons of coding by two reviewers. Themes expressed by participants were studied for …

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Inflammatory And Glutamatergic Homeostasis Are Involved In Successful Aging, Erin R. Hascup, Feiya Wang, John J. Kopchick, Andrzej Bartke Jan 2015

Inflammatory And Glutamatergic Homeostasis Are Involved In Successful Aging, Erin R. Hascup, Feiya Wang, John J. Kopchick, Andrzej Bartke

Articles

Whole body studies using long-lived growth hormone receptor gene disrupted or knock out (GHR-KO) mice report global GH resistance, increased insulin sensitivity, reduced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and cognitive retention in old-age, however, little is known about the neurobiological status of these mice. The aim of this study was to determine if glutamatergic and inflammatory markers that are altered in aging and/or age-related diseases and disorders, are preserved in mice that experience increased healthspan. We examined messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels in the brain of 4- to 6-, 8- to 10-, and 20- to 22-month GHR-KO and normal …

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Topological Complexity In Protein Structures, Erica Flapan, Gabriella Heller '14 Jan 2015

Topological Complexity In Protein Structures, Erica Flapan, Gabriella Heller '14

Pomona Faculty Publications and Research

For DNA molecules, topological complexity occurs exclusively as the result of knotting or linking of the polynucleotide backbone. By contrast, while a few knots and links have been found within the polypeptide backbones of some protein structures, non-planarity can also result from the connectivity between a polypeptide chain and inter- and intra-chain linking via cofactors and disulfide bonds. In this article, we survey the known types of knots, links, and non-planar graphs in protein structures with and without including such bonds and cofactors. Then we present new examples of protein structures containing Möbius ladders and other non-planar graphs as a …

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Neural Circuitry And Immunity, V. Pavlov, K. J. Tracey Jan 2015

Neural Circuitry And Immunity, V. Pavlov, K. J. Tracey

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

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Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway Activity In Dialysis Patients: A Role For Neuroimmunomodulation?, M. Hilderman, A. R. Qureshi, Y. Al-Abed, F. Abtahi, K. Lindecrantz, B. Anderstam, A. Bruchfeld Jan 2015

Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway Activity In Dialysis Patients: A Role For Neuroimmunomodulation?, M. Hilderman, A. R. Qureshi, Y. Al-Abed, F. Abtahi, K. Lindecrantz, B. Anderstam, A. Bruchfeld

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) modulates inflammatory responses through the vagus nerve and the alpha-7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) on macrophages and immune cells. Sympathetic/parasympathetic imbalance and chronic inflammation are both linked to poor outcome in dialysis patients. The aim of this study was to investigate CAP activity in these patients. METHODS: Twenty dialysis patients, 12 hemodialysis (HD) and 8 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients (12 male, 8 female; age range 47-83 years) and 8 controls (5 male, 3 female; age range 31-52 years) were analyzed for C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1b (IL-1b), IL-6 and IL-10 at baseline. …

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Genome-Wide Association Study Of Late-Onset Myasthenia Gravis: Confirmation Of Tnfrsf11a, And Identification Of Zbtb10 And Three Distinct Hla Associations, M. F. Seldin, O. K. Alkhairy, A. T. Lee, J. A. Lamb, J. Sussman, R. Pirskanen-Matell, F. Piehl, J. J. Verschuuren, P. K. Gregersen, L. Hammarstrom, +9 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Genome-Wide Association Study Of Late-Onset Myasthenia Gravis: Confirmation Of Tnfrsf11a, And Identification Of Zbtb10 And Three Distinct Hla Associations, M. F. Seldin, O. K. Alkhairy, A. T. Lee, J. A. Lamb, J. Sussman, R. Pirskanen-Matell, F. Piehl, J. J. Verschuuren, P. K. Gregersen, L. Hammarstrom, +9 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

To investigate the genetics of late-onset myasthenia gravis (LOMG), we conducted a genome-wide association study imputation of >6 million SNPs in 532 LOMG cases (anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody positive, onset age >/=50 years) and 2,128 controls matched for sex and population substructure. The data confirm reported TNFRSF11A associations [rs4574025, P = 3.9x10-07, odds ratio (OR) = 1.42] and identify a novel candidate gene, ZBTB10, achieving genome-wide significance (rs6998967, P = 8.9x10-10, OR = 0.53). Several other SNPs showed suggestive significance including rs2476601 (P = 6.5x10-06, OR =1.62) encoding the PTPN22 R620W variant noted in early-onset MG (EOMG) and other autoimmune …

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Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis In Alopecia Areata Resolves Hla Associations And Reveals Two New Susceptibility Loci, R. C. Betz, L. Petukhova, S. Ripke, H. Huang, A. Menelaou, S. Redler, A. Lee, P. K. Gregersen, A. M. Christiano, +23 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis In Alopecia Areata Resolves Hla Associations And Reveals Two New Susceptibility Loci, R. C. Betz, L. Petukhova, S. Ripke, H. Huang, A. Menelaou, S. Redler, A. Lee, P. K. Gregersen, A. M. Christiano, +23 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Alopecia areata (AA) is a prevalent autoimmune disease with 10 known susceptibility loci. Here we perform the first meta-analysis of research on AA by combining data from two genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and replication with supplemented ImmunoChip data for a total of 3,253 cases and 7,543 controls. The strongest region of association is the major histocompatibility complex, where we fine-map four independent effects, all implicating human leukocyte antigen-DR as a key aetiologic driver. Outside the major histocompatibility complex, we identify two novel loci that exceed the threshold of statistical significance, containing ACOXL/BCL2L11(BIM) (2q13); GARP (LRRC32) (11q13.5), as well as a …

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International Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis Identifies New Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Risk Loci And Targetable Pathogenic Pathways, H. J. Cordell, Y. Han, G. F. Mells, Y. Li, G. M. Hirschfield, C. S. Greene, G. Xie, B. D. Juran, K. A. Siminovitch, P. Gregersen, +14 Additional Authors Jan 2015

International Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis Identifies New Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Risk Loci And Targetable Pathogenic Pathways, H. J. Cordell, Y. Han, G. F. Mells, Y. Li, G. M. Hirschfield, C. S. Greene, G. Xie, B. D. Juran, K. A. Siminovitch, P. Gregersen, +14 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a classical autoimmune liver disease for which effective immunomodulatory therapy is lacking. Here we perform meta-analyses of discovery data sets from genome-wide association studies of European subjects (n=2,764 cases and 10,475 controls) followed by validation genotyping in an independent cohort (n=3,716 cases and 4,261 controls). We discover and validate six previously unknown risk loci for PBC (Pcombined10(-8)) and used pathway analysis to identify JAK-STAT/IL12/IL27 signalling and cytokine-cytokine pathways, for which relevant therapies exist.

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Breast Cancer Risk In Metabolically Healthy But Overweight Postmenopausal Women, M. J. Gunter, X. Xie, X. Xue, G. C. Kabat, T. E. Rohan, S. Wassertheil-Smoller, G. Y. Ho, J. Wylie-Rosett, J. Beasley, H. D. Strickler, +2 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Breast Cancer Risk In Metabolically Healthy But Overweight Postmenopausal Women, M. J. Gunter, X. Xie, X. Xue, G. C. Kabat, T. E. Rohan, S. Wassertheil-Smoller, G. Y. Ho, J. Wylie-Rosett, J. Beasley, H. D. Strickler, +2 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Adiposity is an established risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. Recent data suggest that high insulin levels in overweight women may play a major role in this relationship, due to insulin's mitogenic/antiapoptotic activity. However, whether overweight women who are metabolically healthy (i.e., normal insulin sensitivity) have elevated risk of breast cancer is unknown. We investigated whether overweight women with normal insulin sensitivity [i.e., homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, or fasting insulin level, within the lowest quartile (q1)] have increased breast cancer risk. Subjects were incident breast cancer cases (N = 497) and a subcohort (N = 2,830) …

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