Digital Commons Network^™

Trends In State/Territorial Obesity Prevalence By Race/Ethnicity Among U.S. Low-Income, Preschool-Aged Children, L. Pan, L. M. Grummer-Strawn, L. C. Mcguire, S. Park, H. M. Blanck

United States Public Health Resources

Background: Understanding state/territorial trends in obesity by race/ethnicity helps focus resources on populations at risk.

Objective: This study aimed to examine trends in obesity prevalence among low-income, preschool-aged children from 2008 through 2011 in U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity.

Methods: We used measured weight and height records of 11.1 million children aged 2–4 years who participated in federally funded health and nutrition programmes in 40 states, the District of Columbia and two U.S. territories. We used logistic regression to examine obesity prevalence trends, controlling for age and sex.

Results: From 2008 through 2011, the aggregated obesity prevalence declined among …

Gender- And Race-Specific Metabolic Score And Cardiovascular Disease Mortality In Adults: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach—United States, 1988-2006, Carla I. Mercado

United States Public Health Resources

Objective: Consider all metabolic syndrome (MetS) components [systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and fasting glucose] and gender/race differential risk when assessing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Methods: We estimated a gender- and race-specific continuous MetS score using structural equation modeling and tested its association with CVD mortality using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III linked with the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazard regression tested the association adjusted for sociodemographic and behavior characteristics.

Results: For men, continuous MetS components associated with CVD mortality were SBP (hazard ratio 51.50, 95% confidence …

A Multicomponent Nutrient Bar Promotes Weight Loss And Improves Dyslipidemia And Insulin Resistance In The Overweight/Obese: Chronic Inflammation Blunts These Improvements, Joyce C. Mccann, Mark K. Shigenaga, Michele L. Mietus-Snyder, Ashutosh Lal, Jung H. Suh, Ronald M. Krauss, Ginny L. Gildengorin, Alisa M. Goldrich, Devan S. Block, Swapna V. Shenvi, Tara H. Mchugh, Don A. Olson, Bruce N. Ames

United States Public Health Resources

This study determined if twice-daily consumption

of a nutrient-dense bar intended to fill gaps in

Western diets, without other dietary/lifestyle requirements,

favorably shifted metabolic/anthropometric indicators

of dysregulation in a healthy direction. Three 8-wk

clinical trials in 43 healthy lean and overweight/obese

(OW/OB) adults, who served as their own controls, were

pooled for analysis. In less inflamed OW/OB [highsensitivity

C-reactive protein (hsCRP) <1.5], statistically

significant decreases occurred in weight (-1.1 ± 0.5 kg),

waist circumference (-3.1 ± 1.4 cm), diastolic blood

pressure (-4.1 ± 1.6 mmHg), heart rate [HR;-4.0 ± 1.7

beats per minute (bpm)], triglycerides (272638.2mg/dl),

insulin resistance (homeostatic model of insulin …

Apolipoprotein E And Protection Against Hepatitis E Viral Infection In American Non-Hispanic Blacks, Lyna Zhang, Ajay Yesupriya, Man -Huei Chang, Eyasu Teshale, Chong- Gee Teo

United States Public Health Resources

Hepatitis E viral (HEV) infection imposes a heavy health burden worldwide and is common in the United States. Previous investigations of risks addressed environmental and host behavioral/ lifestyle factors, but host genetic factors have not been examined. We assessed strength of associations between antibody to HEV (anti-HEV) immunoglobulin G seropositivity indicating past or recent HEV infection and human genetic variants among three major racial/ ethnic populations in the United States, involving 2434 non-Hispanic whites, 1919 non- Hispanic blacks, and 1919 Mexican Americans from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1991-1994. We studied 497 single-nucleotide polymorphisms across 190 genes …

Incorporating Primary And Secondary Prevention Approaches To Address Childhood Obesity Prevention And Treatment In A Low-Income, Ethnically Diverse Population: Study Design And Demographic Data From The Texas Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (Tx Cord) Study, Deanna M. Hoelscher, Nancy F. Butte, Sarah Barlow, Elizabeth A. Vandewater, Shreela V. Sharma, Terry Huang, Eric Finkelstein, Stephen Pont, Paul Sacher, Courtney Byrd-Williams, Abiodun O. Oluyomi, Casey Durand, Linlin Li, Steven H. Kelder

United States Public Health Resources

Background: There is consensus that development and evaluation of a systems-oriented approach for child obesity prevention and treatment that includes both primary and secondary prevention efforts is needed. This article describes the study design and baseline data from the Texas Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (TX CORD) project, which addresses child obesity among low-income, ethnically diverse overweight and obese children, ages 2–12 years; a two-tiered systems-oriented approach is hypothesized to reduce BMI z-scores, compared to primary prevention alone.

Methods: Our study aims are to: (1) implement and evaluate a primary obesity prevention program; (2) implement and evaluate efficacy of a …

Tribal Water Rights: Exploring Dam Construction In Indian Country, Jerilyn Church, Chinyere O. Ekechi, Aila Hoss, Anika Jade Larson

United States Public Health Resources

Introduction – Tribal Environmental Public Health

The environment, particularly, land and water, play a powerful role in sustaining and supporting American Indian and Alaska Native communities in the United States. Not only is water essential to life and considered — by some Tribes — a sacred food in and of itself, but environmental water resources are necessary to maintain habitat for hunting and fishing. Many American Indian and Alaska Native communities incorporate locally caught traditional subsistence foods into their diets, and the loss of access to subsistence foods represents a risk factor for food security and nutrition status in indigenous …

Trends In Worker Hearing Loss By Industry Sector, 1981–2010, Elizabeth A. Masterson, James A. Deddens, Christa L. Themann, Stephen Bertke, Geoffrey M. Calvert

United States Public Health Resources

Background The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence and prevalence of hearing loss for noise-exposed U.S. workers by industry sector and 5-year time period, covering 30 years.

Methods Audiograms for 1.8 million workers from 1981–2010 were examined. Incidence and prevalence were estimated by industry sector and time period. The adjusted risk of incident hearing loss within each time period and industry sector as compared with a reference time period was also estimated.

Results The adjusted risk for incident hearing loss decreased over time when all industry sectors were combined. However, the risk remained high for workers in …

Challenges To Breastfeeding Infants With Phenylketonuria, Sandra Banta-Wright

Faculty Publications - College of Nursing

Breastfeeding duration for infants with phenylketonuria (PKU) is less than other full-term infants. However, no study has examined the challenges encountered by mothers' breastfeeding infants with PKU. In 75 mothers of a child with PKU, three categories of breastfeeding challenges were identified: common breastfeeding issues, breastfeeding and PKU, and no challenges. The common breastfeeding issues can be identified in the literature but for these mothers, the issues are heightened due to frequent phenylalanine (Phe) monitoring. Even so, many mothers adapt breastfeeding to maintain desired Phe levels. A few mothers had no issues and were the exception, not the norm.

Parity And Diabetes Risk Among Hispanic Women From Colombia: Cross-Sectional Evidence, Pablo Cure, Heather J. Hoffman, Carlos Cure-Cure

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

Objective

The association between parity and type 2 diabetes has been studied in developed countries and in Singapore and Chinese women but not in Hispanics. Herein we evaluated the association between parity (number of live births) with diabetes in a group of Hispanic postmenopausal women from Colombia.

Research design and methods

Herein we evaluated the association between parity and diabetes in a population of 1,795 women from Colombia. Women were divided in birth categories (0 [referent], 1 or 2, 3–5, 6 or > births). Medical history of diabetes and anthropometric characteristics were recorded. Logistic regressions were performed in order to find …

Implementation Of Point-Of-Care Diagnostics Leads To Variable Uptake Of Syphilis, Anemia And Cd4+ T-Cell Count Testing In Rural Maternal And Child Health Clinics., Caroline De Schacht, Carlota Lucas, Nádia Sitoe, Rhoderick Machekano, Patrina Chongo, Laura Guay, Et Al.

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Anemia, syphilis and HIV are high burden diseases among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in four health facilities in Southern Mozambique to evaluate the effect of point-of-care technologies for hemoglobin quantification, syphilis testing and CD4+ T-cell enumeration performed within maternal and child health services on testing and treatment coverage, and assessing acceptability by health workers.

METHODS: Demographic and testing data on women attending first antenatal care services were extracted from existing records, before (2011; n = 865) and after (2012; n = 808) introduction of point-of-care testing. Study outcomes per health facility were compared …

A Systematic Review And Meta-Regression Analysis Of Lung Cancer Risk And Inorganic Arsenic In Drinking Water., Steven H. Lamm, Hamid Ferdosi, Elisabeth K. Dissen, Ji Li, Jaeil Ahn

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

High levels (> 200 µg/L) of inorganic arsenic in drinking water are known to be a cause of human lung cancer, but the evidence at lower levels is uncertain. We have sought the epidemiological studies that have examined the dose-response relationship between arsenic levels in drinking water and the risk of lung cancer over a range that includes both high and low levels of arsenic. Regression analysis, based on six studies identified from an electronic search, examined the relationship between the log of the relative risk and the log of the arsenic exposure over a range of 1-1000 µg/L. The …

Dose-Response Effects Of The Text4baby Mobile Health Program: Randomized Controlled Trial, William Douglas Evans, Peter E. Nielsen, Daniel R. Szekely, Jasmine W. Bihm, Elizabeth A. Murray, Jeremy Snider, Lorien C. Abroms

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND:

Mobile health (mHealth) is growing rapidly, but more studies are needed on how to optimize programs, including optimal timing of messaging, dose of exposure, and value of interactive features. This study evaluates final outcomes of text4baby (a text message service for pregnant and postpartum women) from a randomized trial performed in a population of pregnant female soldiers and family members.

OBJECTIVE:

The study aims were to evaluate (1) treatment effects and (2) dose-response effects of text4baby on behavioral outcomes compared to control (no text4baby) condition.

METHODS:

The study was a randomized trial of text4baby at Madigan Army Medical Center. …

Cost Effectiveness Of A Mail-Delivered Individually Tailored Physical Activity Intervention For Latinas Vs. A Mailed Contact Control, Britta Larsen, Todd Gilmer, Dori Pekmezi, Melissa A. Napolitano, Bess H. Marcus

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

Background

Physical inactivity is high in Latinas, as are chronic health conditions. There is a need for physical activity (PA) interventions that are not only effective but have potential for cost-effective widespread dissemination. The purpose of this paper was to assess the costs and cost effectiveness of a Spanish-language print-based mail-delivered PA intervention that was linguistically and culturally adapted for Latinas.

Methods

Adult Latinas (N = 266) were randomly assigned to receive mail-delivered individually tailored intervention materials or wellness information mailed on the same schedule (control). PA was assessed at baseline, six months (post-intervention) and 12 months (maintenance phase) …

Birmingham's Latin American Community: Analyzing The Magic City's Latest Immigration Wave (1994-2004), Nadejda Bontcheva

Vulcan Historical Review

pp. 78-100

Six Camps, Elizabeth Lindsey Rogers

Birmingham Poetry Review

pp. 127-132

Students' Perspective Of Personalized Learning In An Elementary Classroom, Michael Schladweiler

Theses and Graduate Projects

Students learn a variety of ways when attending elementary school. Whether that learning is derived from direct instruction, guided learning, or personalized learning, students generally are impacted by the teaching strategies used by teachers in an elementary classroom, However, many new 21st century teaching strategies stress the importance of recognizing that students' motivations towards learning and levels of development vary greatly therefore; students may require a more personalrzed approach when learning. Historically, teachers relied on the old fashioned "factory model" of teaching. The factory way of teaching supports the rigorous teaching strategy known as direct instruction. Direct instruction is rich …

Quest For Health: An Early Beginning To A Lifelong Journey, Kerry P. Appleton

Theses and Graduate Projects

Childhood obesity has been cited as a modern day public health crisis. Despite the creation of many health education programs and interventions, the prevalence of childhood obesity remains largely unchanged. In response to this growing epidemic, nurses have been called to action to help mitigate health education disparities. The purpose of this project is to pool existing community resources to impact the general health of school-age children while influencing the health norms of their surrounding communities. A partnership between local school districts and a non-profit children's hospital has been created to provide health education to school age children in the …

A Protective Role Of Autophagy In A Drosophila Model Of Friedreich's Ataxia (Frda), Luan Wang

Wayne State University Dissertations

Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is an inherited autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease. It affects 1 in every 50,000 people in central Europe and North America. FRDA is caused by deficiency of Frataxin, an essential mitochondrial iron chaperone protein, and the associated oxidative stress damages. Autophagy, a housekeeping process responsible for the bulk degradation and turnover of long half-life proteins and organelles, is featured by the formation of double-membrane vacuoles and lysosomal degradation. Previous researches indicate that Danon’s disease, the inherited neural disorder disease that shares similar symptoms with FRDA, is due to the malfunction of autophagy. Based on this, we raise the …

Technical Note: Collection And Preparation Techniques Change Nutrient Composition Of Masticate Collected From Esophageally Fistulated Cattle, Jacqueline A. Musgrave, J. V. Judy, K. H. Jenkins, T. J. Klopfenstein, L. A. Stalker

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two experiments determined effects of collection and preparation techniques on nutrient composition of masticate samples from esophageally fistulated cattle. In Exp. 1, 12 esophageally fistulated cattle were maintained on 2 precollection diets, high CP (24% CP; n = 6) or low CP (7.7% CP; n = 6), for 8 d. On d 9, the esophageal plug was removed, screen bottom bags were attached, and each cow was offered fresh grass. Immediately after fresh grass sample collection was complete, dry grass (hay) was offered and a sample was collected. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for serum urea nitrogen concentration. Masticate …

Childbirth Rights: Legal Uncertainties Under The European Convention After Ternovsky V. Hungary, Caitlin Mccartney

North Carolina Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Using Applied Theatre Toward Culturally Responsive Teaching, Meg Troxel, Brooke Kandel-Cisco

Scholarship and Professional Work – Education

Applied theatre and youth participatory action research engage students in powerful discussions on complex issues. A culturally responsive middle level teacher used applied theatre to motivate and empower academically and linguistically marginalized students and study the outcomes with the support of her university advisor. Their findings suggest that implementing strategies associated with applied theatre, youth participatory action research, and culturally responsive teaching have the potential to can help students develop new perspectives, learn to work with others, gain a sense of community, increase confidence through student voice, and obtain a greater comfort level with public speaking. This paper explores the …

Returning Citizens: How Shifting Law And Policy In Maryland Will Help Citizens Who Return From Incarceration, Khyla D. Craine, Esq., Glenn E. Martin

University of Baltimore Law Forum

In America, the concept of “time served” is a misnomer, as the shackles of a lifetime of collateral consequences make a criminal record a scathing obstacle for over 100 million Americans. Each year, more than 650,000 people are expected to reintegrate into our communities, often with substance abuse and mental health issues, minimal education, no job to sustain a life, and no stable home awaiting them.

While these numbers are staggering on their own, they do not reflect the even larger number of people who cycle through the court system and jails. For example, some take pleas for a lesser …

Muskal, Fred Oral History Interview, Roland Difranco

Emeriti Society Oral History Collection

Professor of Education Administration (1972-2009). Topics include: Chair Academic Council 1992, Education Administration, Information & Imagination Program (I&I), and faculty/administration interactions.

And On Top Of All That… Coping With Ocean Acidification In The Midst Of Many Stressors, Denise L. Breitburg, Joseph Salisbury, Joan M. Bernhard, Wei-Jun Cai, Sam Dupont, Scott C. Doney, Kristy J. Kroeker, Lisa A. Levin, W. Christopher Long, Lisa M. Milke, Seth H. Miller, Beth Phelan, Uta Passow, Brad A. Seibel, Anne E. Todgham, Ann M. Tarrant

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Oceanic and coastal waters are acidifying due to processes dominated in the open ocean by increasing atmospheric CO2 and dominated in estuaries and some coastal waters by nutrient-fueled respiration. The patterns and severity of acidification, as well as its effects, are modified by the host of stressors related to human activities that also influence these habitats. Temperature, deoxygenation, and changes in food webs are particularly important co-stressors because they are pervasive, and both their causes and effects are often mechanistically linked to acidification. Development of a theoretical underpinning to multiple stressor research that considers physiological, ecological, and evolutionary perspectives is …

Validating Indiana's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (Snap-Ed) Medium Term Surveyusing The Nih Nci Asa 24 Dietary Recall, Hannah Corrine Boeh

Open Access Theses

Indiana’s Family Nutrition Program (FNP) is a nutrition education program that offers education at no cost to participants who qualify for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The medium term survey is a paper and pencil based tool that asks participants 17 questions about their usual dietary intake. This survey is completed by participants before and after receiving the Indiana FNP Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed) four core lessons: MyPlate, Label Reading, Grains, and Fruits & Vegetables. In this study a convenience sample of 27 low-income adults completed Indiana’s FNP medium-term survey and multiple Automated Self-Administered 24 Hour Dietary …

Project Spraoi : An Evaluation Of A School Based Intervention To Improve Nutrition, Increase Physical Activity And Decrease The Prevalence Of Overweight / Obesity Among School Children Attending A Deis Urban Band One Primary School In Cork City, John Paul Neville

Theses

Introduction: School-based interventions aimed at reducing levels of overweight/ obesity among primary school children are inconclusive. There is a death of research which specifically targets children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. The purpose of the current study is to assess the effectiveness of a nutrition and physical activity intervention 'Project Spraoi' on children attending a DEIS urban band one primary-school (lower socio-economic status) in Cork city, Ireland.

Methods: A health promotion intervention developed in collaboration with Project Energize, New Zealand was implemented and evaluated during the 2013/14 academic school year. One control and one intervention DEIS urban band one primary school …

Unh: The Magazine Of The University Of New Hampshire, Winter 2015, Unh Magazine

UNH Magazine

No abstract provided.

The Legal Effect Of Greenland’S Unilateral Aboriginal Subsistence Whale Hunt, Chris Wold, Michael D. Kearney

American University International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Immortal Mortals, Sterling Giles

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

Junior Information Systems and Bioinformatics major Michael Kiflezghi focuses his research interests on an organism’s lifespan and gut microbial communities.

Language Policy Implementers: Faculty Perspectives On Language Policy At A Southeastern U.S. University, Jordan Nicholas Troisi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Faculty members, as language policy implementers, retain significant control of the enactment of policy in local contexts. In order to better understand the relationship between de jure language policies at multiple levels of the policy hierarchy, in addition to faculty members? acceptance or rejection of these policies, this study investigated faculty perspectives on language policy, specifically at a southeastern university in the United States. This study employed multiple methods of research including a policy examination and a survey. These methods were selected in order to inspect de jure language policies at the national, state, governing board, and institutional level as …